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Non-Metallic Inclusions in HSLA Steel-Origin,Detection and Refractory Systems to Improve Cleanness

Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第S1期18卷 521-529页

作者： Dettela Heiko Klenner Gerald Cappel Juergen Wuennenberg Klaus RHI-AG 115007 LianoingBayuquanPR China RHI-AG 1100 ViennaAustria Cappel Stahl Consulting 40667 MeerbuschGermany Steel Consulting 47249 DuisburgGermany

HSLA steels need extremely low levels of tramp elements like P,S,H and O t.During tapping the steel is deoxidized with aluminum and in the secondary metallurgy sulphur ( 50 μm are harmful for the product.These large inclusions are seldom and difficult to be detected.Small inclusions of < 15 μm do no harm to the product.The origin of non-metallic inclusions is,roughly spoken,one third each of de-oxidation-/reoxidation products,refractory and casting powder.Slag carry-over is mainly avoided by sensitive electronic devices.Slag covers and shrouding systems of the steel stream during the transfer of metal between ladle,tundish and mold are effective to avoid reoxidation.Systems to control the flow of steel in tundish and mold favor the floatation of inclusions and their even distribution in the strand.

关键词： extra low contents of P,S and H extraction metallurgy Ca-treatment control of slag carry-over shrouding flow control separation of inclusions inspection systems

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Niobium extraction from Baotou Iron Ore Containing Niobium

引用

Rare Metals 1992年第3期11卷 221-227页

作者：周渝生杨天钧孟涛范鹏董一诚何旭初 University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Hunan Institute of metallurgy and Materials Changsha 410014China

The experimental results of niobium enrichment in laboratory and in blast furnace in Baotou Iron and Steel Corporation were reported.The effects of temperature,constituents of slag and silicon content in hot metal on niobium recovery were studied and the results have been verified by blast furnace operation.Optical and electronic microscopy and EPMA was observed that at the metal-slag interface there is NbC deposit layer obstructed Nb entering into the metal,By raising the temperature of hearth and agitating the bath,the reduc- tion of niobium oxide in slag could be speeded up,the solubility of Nb in hot metal could increase and the deposited NbC layer became thinner and even disappeared,in result,Nb recovery was increased.A compre- hensive extraction process combining ore dressing with pyro-hydro-metallurgy was suggested for Baotou niobium resource which was difficult to be concentrated formerly.The methods of increasing niobium recovery were also suggested.

关键词： Niobium extraction metallurgy Nb alloy Nb recovery

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