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Scale problem:Influence of grid spacing of digital elevation model on computed slope and shielded extra-terrestrial solar radiation

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第1期14卷 171-187页

作者： Nan CHEN Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining&Information Sharing(Ministry of Education) Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108 China Spatial Information Research Center of Fujian Province Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108 China

Solar radiation is the primary energy source that drives many of Earth’s physical and biological processes and determines the patterns of climate and productivity on the surface of the Earth.A fundamental proportion of solar radiation is composed of shielded extraterrestrial solar radiation(SESR),which can be computed using the slope and aspect derived from a digital elevation model(DEM).The objective of this paper is to determine the influence of the grid spacing of the DEM(the influence of the scale of the DEM)on the errors of slope,aspect and *** paper puts forward the concepts of slope representation error,aspect representation error,and SESR representation error and then studies the relations among these errors and the grid spacing of *** find that when the grid spacing of a DEM becomes coarser,the average SESR increases;the increase in SESR is dominated by the grid cells of the DEM with a negative slope representation error,whereas SESR generally decreases in the grid cells with a positive slope representation *** the grid spacing varies,the distribution of the percentages of positive SESR representation errors on the slope,which is classified into 11 slope intervals,is independent of the grid spacing;this distribution is concentrated across some slope ***,the average absolute value and mean square error of the SESR representation error are closely related to those of the slope representation error and the aspect representation *** findings in this study may be useful for predicting and reducing the errors in SESR measurements and may help to avoid mistakes in foture research and in practical applications in which SESR is the data of interest or plays a vital role in an analysis.

关键词： scale problem digital elevation model grid spacing slope shielded extra-terrestrial solar radiation

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The Problem of Identifying Possible Signals of extra-terrestrial Civilizations in the Framework of the Information-Based Method

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第10期7卷 2157-2168页

作者： Boris Menin Refrigeration Consultancy Ltd. Beer-Sheba Israel

Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the requirements for future methods of searching for extra-terrestrial civilizations by use of the concepts of information theory and the theoretically grounded method. Methodology: To realize it, the number of dimensionless criteria contained in the International System of Units (SI) has been calculated. This value, without additional assumptions, allows us to present a formula for calculating the comparative uncertainty of the model of any physical phenomenon. Based on these formulas, the magnitude of the inevitable threshold of misunderstanding of two civilizations in the universe is determined. Results: New theoretical recommendations for choosing the most effective methods to search the techno signatures of extra-terrestrial civilizations are formulated. Conclusion: Using the calculated amount of information embedded in the model, we showed that the most promising methods for finding potential residents in the Universe should combine frequency radiation with thermal or electromagnetic quantities.

关键词： extra-terrestrial Intelligence Amount of Information SETI SI Technosignature Uncertainty

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