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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2016年第3期16卷 189-196页

作者： Aimin Wang Yanxiang Ge Xiangyan Geng Economic Management School Shandong Agricultural University

Understanding the connotation and principles of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is the basis and guarantee for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism of water source reserve ***,this paper reviews the three stages of ecological compensation research *** on the review,using the theory of externality,the ecological environment system of water source reserve areas is then *** paper argues that the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas is a kind of institutional arrangement,which is designed to internalize ***,based on the understanding of the connotation of ecological compensation in water source reserve areas,five principles for establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are proposed,including the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of equivalence of equality and responsibility,the principle of flexibility and effectiveness,the principle of "earmark funds,and implementation by law," and the principle of government compensation supplemented with market compensation.

关键词： Water source reserve areas ecological compensation externality connotation principle

A Unit Study of externality of Shrimp Farming on Provisioning Services (Paddy Farming)

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期1卷 13-18页

作者： Suvendu Das Prosenjit Saha Arnab Banerjee Manaswee Maity Santanu Ray Systems Ecology&Ecological Modelling Laboratory Department of ZoologyVisva-Bharati UniversitySantiniketan731235India Department of Geography Memari CollegeMemariBurdwan713146India Department of Mathematics Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India

externality;the term can define as a positive or negative impact from either production or consumption of goods or *** provided by particular location have very specific dependency on spatial characteristics of that region.A region’s distinct characteristics make it ecologically unique from other such *** services are offered by these regions thus differ according to these unique ecological *** this particular study,artificially imposed expansion of coastal shrimp farming towards the inland and its impact over paddy cultivation have been *** of the extent of this manipulative coastal expansion has been supported by little modification of a previously described *** the investment prediction for both shrimp and paddy farming has been investigated by calculating net present value(NPV).Shrimp farming has very specific externality on local ecosystem *** this particular case,some contradictory results are presented and with respect to positive or negative externality;but the externalities are *** results indicate that there is no long-term profitability in case of shrimp ***,an overall externality of shrimp farming has been described in context of this study.

关键词： Shrimp culture Altered ecosystem services Paddy farming Spatial influence Net Present Value externality

System Design for Urban Forest Park——Based on Elimination of externality during Development and Tourism Process

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Journal of Landscape Research 2011年第4期3卷 72-75页

作者：付亚菲北京林业大学经济管理学院北京100083

The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its *** terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate *** for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make *** for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket *** the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.

关键词： Urban forest park externality Development Tourism

Analysis of externality of Rural Labor Force Flow in Central and Western Regions of China and Benefit Compensation

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Asian Agricultural Research 2013年第9期5卷 64-67页

作者： Xin LI Haijing HU Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College

According to the theories of institutional economics and development economics,the positive and negative externality of rural labor force flowing from central and western regions and into eastern regions of China were analyzed,and then it was proposed that it is necessary to positive externality,rather than take"household register"measures to solve the problem simply.

关键词： Rural labor force flow externality Central and wes

Evaluation of external costs in road transport under the openness of a gated community

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第1期14卷 140-151页

作者： Ming CAI Jing LI Zhanyong WANG Haibo WANG Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System School of Intelligent Systems EngineeringSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 518107China College of Transportation and Civil Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350108China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China

Residential quarters in Chinese cities are usually walled off from their surrounding roads for security ***,the Chinese government has decided to thoroughly open gated residential communities in order to improve traffic capacity and coordinate major roads in the road network,which will inevitably pose challenges,such as environmental pollution,for community ***,before this decision,there were no comprehensive investigations into whether this measure works for road traffic or how much the adverse impact exerts upon ***,we propose a comprehensive method combining microscopic traffic simulation with a vehicle exhaust emission and dispersion model and a noise emission and attenuation model,in addition to a consideration of social cost,to evaluate the possible influence of opening an enclosed residential community to surrounding *** validity of the hybrid model was assessed by an assumptive case of two rectangular gated communities under varying traffic flow and five community opening *** results indicate that the opened community outperforms the gated in the most of 49 percent reduction in comprehensive cost.A more detailed analysis reveals that the appropriate extent of openness should rely on the actual situation,and potentially serves as a foundation for the healthy development of communities and *** on the case study results,this paper outlines some strategical suggestions for improving enclosed residential areas by striking a better balance between traffic capacity and environmental risks.

关键词： road traffic social cost externality gated residential area

Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjamin L.Turner Jay Fuhrer Melissa Wuellner Hector M.Menendez Barry H.Dunn Roger Gates Texas A&M University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent improvements in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has become a global priority in agricultural systems, soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, systems approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynamics underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion limitations were observed everywhere the externalities were documented. We discuss the case study results in terms of land use incentives (e.g., policy, economic, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better communicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-making is needed to better match the soil resource with land use and help avoid more extreme soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security externality

Bi-level Planning Model for NIMBY Facility Location Problem 36

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Bi-level Planning Model for NIMBY Facility Location Problem

Negotiation System of Ecological Compensation of Water Source Areas

第36届中国控制会议

作者： Yong Gu Lie Zhang Zhengdu Wang Yangyang Zheng School of Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

To explore NIMBY facility location problem,its externality should be taken full account *** this paper,we took garbage power plant as an example,introduced a reasonable compensation mechanism to eliminate the externality of garbage power plant and established an exact location model with external ***,considering the commercial characteristics and competition relationship of garbage power plant,we established a bi-level planning model of garbage power plant location with both externality and *** calculated and validated the model by using Wuhan city actual case data.

关键词： NIMBY Facility Garbage Power Plant Bi-level Planning externality Compensation Mechanism Competition

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第4期8卷 49-54页

作者： Ge Yanxiang Liu Shuyan Wu Feifei Liang Lijuan School of Economics and Management Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai＇an Shandong 271018China Shandong Communication Media College Jinan Shandong 250200China

In view of no generally accepted ecological compensation standards and methods at present,this paper discusses the introduction of the negotiation system to the process of ecological compensation for water source *** is,the government in water source areas and the downstream regions of river basins should confirm their respective rights and obligations and then establish their compensation standards through negotiations according to the different purposes of water *** amount of compensation should be determined in the comprehensive consideration of the quality,quantity and compensation price of *** open and fair negotiations,an institutional arrangement will be set up,which can make the water source areas and the downstream regions of river basins fully express their true preferences and their independent choices on the ecological environment.

关键词： water resource ecological compensation negotiation system externality

Reflections on the Connotations of Ecotourism

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2009年第2期7卷 67-70页

作者： Zhang Meng Yuan Jun Wu Zhengzheng Faculty of International Tourism Macao University of Science and Technology Macao China Normal College Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China College of Cultur＇al Heritage Northwest University Xi＇an Shaanxi 710069 china

As the most desirable option for sustainable development of tourism industry, ecotourism still suffers from lack of a clear-cut and widely accepted definition, posing many risks and threats in its practices. Based on collection and collation of various concepts and explanations of ecotourism both at home and abroad, this paper reflects on the current connotations of ecotourism in terms of four aspects, namely, objects of ecotourism, ecotourists, nature of ecotourism as well as the relationship between ecotourism and communities. In-depth analysis was performed in an effort to revise the misinterpretation of ecotourism and provide implications for ecotourism initiatives. The main conclusions and fruits of this article include： 1） The objects of eeotourism should go beyond natural, pristine, or even only primitive natural areas to including cultural resources together with their natural context which also deserve preservation. 2） Tourism operators, compared to tourists, have more leverage and hence should shoulder more responsibilities for conservation. 3） Ecotourism should serve as a principle to guide tourism initiatives towards sustainability, rather than merely a special tour package. 4） The theoretic foundation was laid for community participation in ecotourism.

关键词： ecotourism connotations externality

Real effects of greenhouse gas disclosures

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2024年第2期17卷 31-53页

作者： Tong Lu Lijun Ruan Yanyan Wang Lisheng Yu C.T.Bauer College of Business University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA School of Business New Jersey City UniversityJersey CityNJ 07305USA School of Management Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361005China Business School Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518107China

This study investigates the valuation and real effects of the mandatory disclosure of greenhouse gas(GHG)emission costs from the perspective of“double materiality.”We consider a firm with a Cobb-Douglas production function that combines GHG-related and non-GHG-related investments to produce short-term and long-term *** particular,the GHG-related investment entails short-term and long-term social costs of GHG emissions,including corporate costs and negative *** demonstrate how the mandatory disclosure of the long-term costs of GHG emissions affects capital market valuations and corporate investment decisions relative to a non-disclosure *** social welfare in an accounting regime hinges on three parameters:the persistence of the short-term investment return,the ratio of the productivity of GHG-related investment to that of non-GHG-related investment,and the social cost parameter for GHG *** findings suggest that disclosing the long-term costs of GHG emissions may be detrimental to social ***,the non-disclosure regime results in higher social welfare than the disclosure regime for high values of these parameters.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions externality Double materiality Disclosure Real effects