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Environment & Health 2023年第3期1卷 150-167页

作者： Yu Zhang Qian Hu Jiaqi Fu Xinting Li Hongjun Mao Ting Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The oxygen(OPAHs),nitro(NPAHs),hydroxyl(OH-PAHs),and alkylated(APAHs)derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)are ubiquitous pollutants in the *** concentrations of NPAHs,OPAHs,OH-PAHs,and APAHs are lower than that of PAHs in the environment,but the carcinogenic abilities of the derivatives are usually 10 to 1,000-fold higher than that of parent *** are three main pathways for the exposure of polycyclic aromatic compounds to humans,including inhalation,direct contact,and *** exposure by inhalation,they are mainly distributed in the lungs,affecting lung function and causing inflammation,asthma,*** to the digestive system’s strong capacity for metabolism,intake of PAHs and the derivatives is primarily distributed in the digestive system and metabolized *** it may lead to dysplasia of these organs and even to *** skin is the primary site of direct contact with PAH *** derivatives can enter the bloodstream through all three contact pathways,thereby accumulating in various *** study aimed to summarize the influence of exposure pathways on tissue distribution and the health impact of PAH derivatives to provide references for future research and evaluation on public health.

关键词： PAH derivatives concentration tissue distribution exposure pathway health impact

Risk Assessment of Metal Contamination in Soil and Groundwater in Asia： A Review of Recent Trends as well as Existing Environmental Laws and Regulations

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 431-450页

作者： Tianlik TEH Nik Abdul Rahman NIK NORULAINI Mohammad SHAHADAT Yoonsing WONG Abdul Kadir MOHD OMAR Department of Environmental Technology School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang

Asia is experiencing a more rapid economic growth compared to any other regions. The contamination of soil and groundwater with metals can mainly be attributed to human activities; therefore, risk assessments to characterize the nature and magnitude of risks to humans and ecological receptors from contaminants are important. Risk assessments are often iterative processes, which involve identification and filling data gap. Experimental samplings, geostatistical and multivariate statistical methods as well as multimedia risk assessment modeling are the three major methodologies used in the assessment of metal contamination in soil and *** review highlights a number of measurements for improving risk calculation methods and expounds scientific approaches that involve the identification of the major source of contamination, exposure pathways and bioavailability of metals. In general, risk assessments of metals in soil and groundwater worldwide are mainly focused on the levels of contamination, identification of exposure pathways, and prediction of the probability of contamination. To date, very limited studies have reported the development of relevant environmental laws and policies in the regulation of soil and groundwater contamination in Asia. The development, variations and limitations in the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination among developed countries may provide helpful guidance for the developing countries in Asia.

关键词： bioavailability of metals environmental regulation exposure pathway levels of contamination source of contamination

Spatial distribution and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,Nigeria

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 26-41页

作者： Johnson Adedeji OLUSOLA Adeyinka Oluyemi ATURAMU Olufunke ASAOLU Olusesan Sola OGUNLEYE Department of Geography and Planning Science Ekiti State UniversityAdo Ekiti360211Nigeria Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle IfeOsun State220101Nigeria Department of Geology(Climate Change and Paleobiology Group) Ekiti State UniversityAdo Ekiti360211Nigeria Environmental Natural Resources and Blue EconomyEurope and Central AsiaWorld Bank GroupWashington D.C.20433the USA

Artisanal gold mining,a labor-intensive and antiquated technique,is a growing industry and the source of income for rural communities all over the ***,artisanal gold mining has potential negative and long-term effects on economy,environment,and *** study collected soil samples from 16 sample points including a control point to examine the pollution degrees and spatial distribution of heavy metals,as well as ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,*** Information System(GIS)and remote sensing technologies were used to identify regions with high concentrations of heavy metals and assess the environmental impact of gold mining *** results show that the mean heavy metal concentrations of 16 soil pointa are 8.94(±5.97)mg/kg for As,0.18(±0.54)mg/kg for Cd,0.11(±1.06)mg/kg for Co,14.32(±3.43)mg/kg for Cr,6.89(±0.64)mg/kg for Cu,48.92(±11.77)mg/kg for Fe,135.81(±30.75)mg/kg for Mn,5.92(±0.96)mg/kg for Ni,5.72(±1.66)mg/kg for Pb,and 13.94(±1.38)mg/kg for *** study reveals that heavy metal concentration in soils follows the order of Mn>Fe>Cr>Zn>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>*** analysis of soil samples indicates that 3 principal components(PCs)account for 70.008%of the total variance and there are strong positive correlations between various pairs of heavy *** total potential ecological risk index(309.599)in the study area is ***-carcinogenic risk suggests that there may be long-term health impacts on people who work in the mining areas due to chronic exposure to the *** on the study,the hazard index of carcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metals through ingestion is 520.00×10^(–4).Dermal contact from As and Cr also increases the risk of cancer,with the highest hazard index value of 18.40×10^(–4).The lowest exposure pathway,with the hazard index value of 0.68×10^(–4),indicates that the inhalation of heavy metals has a comparatively low risk of can

关键词： Artisanal gold mining Heavy metals exposure pathway Potential ecological risk Geo-accumulation index Ijero-Ekiti mining site

Potential Health Impact of Microplastics:A Review of Environmental Distribution,Human exposure,and Toxic Effects

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Environment & Health 2023年第4期1卷 249-257页

作者： Yue Li Le Tao Qiong Wang Fengbang Wang Gang Li Maoyong Song State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the global *** a typical emerging pollutant,its potential health hazards have been widely *** this brief paper,we introduce the source,identification,toxicity,and health hazard of microplastics in the *** literature review shows that microplastics are frequently detected in environmental and human *** are potentially exposed to microplastics through oral intake,inhalation,and skin *** summarize the toxic effects of microplastics in experimental models like cells,organoids,and *** effects consist of oxidative stress,DNA damage,organ dysfunction,metabolic disorder,immune response,neurotoxicity,as well as reproductive and developmental *** addition,the epidemiological evidence suggests that a variety of chronic diseases may be related to microplastics ***,we put forward the gaps in toxicity research of microplastics and their future development *** review will be helpful to the understanding of the exposure risk and potential health hazards of microplastics.

关键词： microplastics emerging pollutant exposure pathway toxicity health hazards

Assessment of Heavy Metal exposure in Soils of Ihwrekreka Communities, Delta State, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 279-303页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Taofik Adewale Adedosu Uche Udeochu Harrison Agboro Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Delta State Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ladoke Akintola University Oyo State Nigeria Chemistry Program Division of Science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences University of the District of Columbia Washington District of Columbia USA Department of Biology and Environmental Science College of Arts and Sciences University of New Haven West Haven CT USA

Crude oil pollution in the Niger Delta, perpetrated by both local communities and industrial actors, has brought about soil pollution with its consequent ecological, human health and food challenges. The purpose of this research was to examine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in soil from communities contaminated by crude oil in Niger Delta, and to evaluate the potential health risks to residents from exposure to these contaminants. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from the Ihwrekreka community and analyzed for heavy metal content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analytical results in mg/kg revealed a significant metals pollution level derived from the oil spill in the soil ranging from 4.85 - 17,078 (Cu), 1.01 - 16.1 (Cd), 0.22 - 36.8 (Cr), 8.28 - 40.9 (Ni), 7.51 - 6474 (Pb), and 8.84 - 12,851 (Zn) respectively. Most of the metals were above the permissible limits of World Health Organization, with Cu, Zn, and Pb as the most contaminating metals. Lead was found to be the main contributor to the hazard index (HI) values for both children and adults in the study area, with its concentration exceeding the permitted limits set by the WHO and the EC. The hazard index (HI) values of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr were significantly higher than 1. These findings suggest that the release of heavy metals from an oil-contaminated site may pose a risk to human health and the environment.

关键词： Cancer exposure pathway Toxic Metals Health Risks

A Cohort Model for Ash Mortality Risk Due to Potential Emerald Ash Borer Infestation

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2016年第2期6卷 38-51页

作者： Samuel G. Jenkins Peter G. Oduor Larry Kotchman Michael Kangas GIS Coordinator Moorhead Public Service Moorhead MN USA Department of Geosciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA State Forester North Dakota Forest Service Bottineau ND USA Nursery & State Forest Team Leader North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia that is causing widespread mortality of ash trees in eastern North America. In this study, we quantify ash mortality risk associated with potential anthropogenic-induced introduction of Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) in North Dakota. The cohort model is calibrated with data from Ohio using weighting across factors—proximity to existing ash stands, campgrounds, roads and rails—to get a more accurate assessment of overall ash mortality risk. These factors are known to be associated with introduction of EAB to unaffected areas. Two protocols, a) “detection trees” and b) EAB traps are utilized to investigate EAB presence. Ash mortality risk maps such as the ones produced here may guide the placement of traps. Although North Dakota regions of high density ash tree stands are few, the resulting relative ash mortality risk map displays: a) very high risk areas around the Turtle Mountains and Theodore Roosevelt National Park and b) regions of high relative risk along the main riparian corridors. The applicability of risk maps such as the one developed may aid in assessing areas that may require significant monitoring.

关键词： exposure pathway Relative Risk EAB Risk Model