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Effects of combined physical and cognitive training on executive function of adolescent shooting athletes:A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第3期5卷 220-228页

作者： Mingqiang Xiang Guanru Li Jianuo Ye Meng Wu Ruiping Xu Min Hu School of Sport and Health Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou510500China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou510500China Graduate School Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzho510500China Guangzhou Institute of Sports Science Guangzhou510500China

Individual executive function improvement through physical and cognitive training is a research hotspot in physical education and cognitive science.However,few studies have evaluated whether combined physical and cognitive training(CPCT)has greater benefits for executive function performance and cerebral oxygenation in adolescent athletes than cognitive training alone.This study randomly assigned 33 adolescent shooting athletes to a CPCT(n=17)or computerized cognitive training(CCT,n=16)group and compared their executive function after six weeks of training.All subjects were assessed using the 2-back,task-switching,and Stroop tests before and after training.The prefrontal cortex oxygenated hemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)activation level was monitored while executing the three tasks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Our results showed that the CPCT and CCT groups similarly improved their updating function as indicated by the 2-back task accuracy.The CPCT group significantly improved the switching function in the task-switching test accuracy,while the CCT group did not.However,both groups did not improve in behavioral performance as indicated by the inhibition function in the Stroop task.Cerebral oxygenation,indicated by the oxy-Hb activation level in the frontal pole area of the prefrontal lobe,significantly improved in the CPCT group during the three cognitive tasks,whereas the CCT group showed no change.These findings indicated that CPCT endowed greater advantages in task-switching in the behavioral performance of the executive function than CCT.Moreover,CPCT was superior to CCT in increasing task-efficient cerebral oxygenation during the activation of the prefrontal cortex in adolescent shooting athletes.

关键词： executive function Shooting athlete Cognitive training Physical activity fNIRS

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executive function Training for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第5期130卷 549-558页

作者： Lan Shuai David Daley Yu-Feng Wang Jin-Song Zhang Yan-Ting Kong Xin Tan Ning Ji Department of Medical Psychology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Department of Child Psychiatry Research Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental Health Key Laboratory of Mental Health Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing 100191 China Department of Developmental Behavioral and Child Healthcare Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China Department of Children's Psychiatry Robusprout Children's Clinic Beijing 100022 China

Background： Accumulating evidence indicates that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is associated with core deficits in executive function （EF） which predicts poorer academic and occupational functioning. This makes early intervention targeting EF impairments important to prevent long-term negative outcomes. Cognitive training is a potential ADHD treatment target. The present study aimed to explore the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a cognitive training program （targeting child＇s multiple EF components and involving parent support in daily life）, as a nonpharmacological intervention for children with ADHD. Methods： Forty-four school-age children with ADHD and their parents participated in 12 sessions of EF training （last for 12 weeks） and 88 health controls （HC） were also recruited. Training effects were explored using both neuropsychological tests （Stroop color-word test, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, trail making test, tower of Hanoi, and false-belief task） and reports of daily life （ADHD rating scale-IV, Conners＇ parent rating scale, and behavior rating inventory of executive function [BRIEF]） by analysis of paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The differences on EF performances between children with ADHD after training and HC were explored using multivariate analysis. Results： The results （before vs. after EF training） showed that after intervention, the children with ADHD presented better performances of EF both in neuropsychological tests （word interference of Stroop： 36.1 ± 14.6 vs. 27.1 ± 11.1, t = 4.731, P 〈 0.001 ; shift time of TMT： 194.9 ± 115.4 vs. 124.8 ± 72.4, Z = -4.639, P 〈 0.001 ; false-belief task： χ^2 = 6.932, P = 0.008） and reports of daily life （global executive composite of BRIEF： 148.9 ± 17.5 vs. 127.8 ± 17.5, t =6.433, P 〈 0.001）. The performances on EF tasks for children with ADHD after EF training could match with the level of HC children. The ADHD symptoms （ADHD rating scale total score： 32.4 ± 8.9 vs. 22.9 ± 8.2, t = 6.331, P 〈 0.001） and

关键词： Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cognitive Behavior Therapy executive function

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The Effects of Externally Paced Exercise on executive function and Stress in College-Aged Students

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 149-155页

作者： Peter C.Douris Joseph Cottone Patricia Cruz Nicholas Frosos Christie Marino Leonard Singamenggala Joshua Shapiro Amber Sousa John P.Handrakis Joanne DiFrancisco‑Donoghue Department of Physical Therapy School of Health ProfessionsNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNY 11758USA College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology(NYIT)Old WestburyNYUSA VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNYUSA

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a beginner martial art class and aerobic exercise on executive function(EF)in college-aged young adults.There is overwhelming evidence that demonstrates acute as well as long-term aerobic exercise improves EF.Nevertheless,there is limited research comparing externally paced exercise(EPE)to self-paced exercise(SPE)such as walking on improving EF.EPE requires greater cortical demand than SPE to execute a motor plan.Methods Eight men and eight women,aged 24.2±2.8 years,participated in a Repeated Measures Crossover Design.Pre-and post-testing of EF with the Stroop and Tower of London(ToL)and stress level were measured after each of the two 1-h conditions:the SPE consisted of a walk(aerobic exercise)and the EPE was a beginner martial art class.Results There were significant main effects for the martial art class for the Stroop’s mean reaction time for congruent trials(P=0.01)with a large-effect size.The mean reaction time for incongruent trials was significant(P=0.05)with a medium-effect size.The ToL’s mean solution time(P=0.003)and mean execution time(P=0.002)were also significant with large-effect sizes.Stress levels were not significantly improved following either condition.Conclusion The martial art class significantly improved all the major domains of EF,while aerobic exercise of a similar intensity did not demonstrate any measured significant changes.The physiological benefits of physical exercise are well documented;however,the cognitive enhancing capability of EPE should also be appreciated given the results of this study.

关键词： Externally paced exercise Self-paced exercise Cognitive performance executive function

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Effects of sleep deprivation on polysomnography and executive function in patients with depression

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第18期127卷 3229-3232页

作者： Lu Yingzhi Ren Qingtao Zong Li Wu Yingli Zhang Qinfeng Ma Xiuqing Pu Jinyu Dong Hanzhen Liu Qingqing Tang Yunxiang Song Lisheng Chen Xingshi Pan Xiao Cui Yi Department of Psychiatry Zibo Mental Health Center ZiboShandong 255100 China Zibo Occupational Disease Hospital of Prevention and Treatment Zibo Shandong 255067 China Department of Medical Psychology Faculty of Psychology andMental Health Second Military Medical University Shanghai200433 China Department of Electrophysiology Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

Anumber of therapies have been developed in the past decades.About two thirds of patients can be seizure free with antiepileptic drugs.1 Other patients are drug resistant,some of whom are good candidates for epileptic focus resection and become seizure free after surgery.2 The treatment for drug-resistant patients who are not eligible for resection is still challenging.Traditionally,these patients can receive palliative surgery such as callosotomy and multiple subpial transection,3,4 but the long-term outcomes of these procedures are not satisfactory.5-7 In the past decades,neuromodulation techniques have been applied in the treatment of epilepsy.Much evidence has been accumulated about the therapeutic effects of vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy.In contrast to peripheral nerve stimulation,brain stimulation techniques have also been developed for patients with epilepsy recently.

关键词： sleep deprivation depression polysomnography executive function

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Association between central obesity and executive function as assessed by stroop task performance:A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第1期11卷 37-46页

作者： Zhangyan Deng Qin Huang Jiaai Huang Weixia Zhang Changzhu Qi Xia Xu Graduate School Wuhan Sports University Wuhan 430079P.R.China College of Health Science Wuhan Sports University Wuhan 430079P.R.China Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring Wuhan Sports University 461 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079P.R.China

Recent studies have suggested a link between executive function(EF)and obesity.Studies oftenadopt body mass index(BM),which reflects the distribution of subcutaneous fat,as the solemarker of obesity;however,BMI is inappropriate to distinguish central obesity,which indicatesthe centralized distribution of visceral fat.Visceral fat compared with subcutaneous fat repre-sents greater relative lipid turnover and may increase the risk of cognitive decline in older adults.However,the relationship between EF and central obesity is largely unknown,particularly inyoung adults.Therefore,we used waist circumference(WC)as a marker of central obesity andinvestigated diferent sensitivities between BMI and WC in the brain function.A total of 26healthy young adults(aged 18-25 years;42%female)underwent functional near-infrared spec-troscopy assessments.EF was assessed using the Stroop task,which is a classical measurementof EF.A significant Stroop effect was observed in the behavioral and hemodynamic data.Inaddition,we observed that behavioral interference on the Stroop task varied much more insubjects with higher BMI and WC than those subjects with lower.Elevated BMI and WC wereassociated with a decreased hemodynamic response during the Stroop task specifically in the pre-frontal cortex(PFC).Compared to BMI,WC was more closely connected with inhibitory controland revealed right lateralized PFC activation.Our findings suggest that WC is a reliable indicatorof brain function in young adults and propose a relationship bet ween EF and central obesity.

关键词： executive function central obesity fNIRS young adult

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Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training in Enhancing executive function and Decreasing Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第8期6卷 329-336页

作者： Mahsa Amiri Mehdi Rabiei Vahid Donyavi Department of Clinical Psychology Ghazvin Branch Islamic Azad University Ghazvin Iran Department of Clinical Psychology Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry AJA University of Medical Science Tehran Iran

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training in enhancing executive function and decreasing symptoms of depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis patients. The population in this study consisted of people with MS who referred to Karaj city MS society in 1394. These people didn’t experience medicinal changes during the study period and their expanded disability status score (EDSS) was between 0 and 5.5. 40 of them were randomly selected and placed into two experimental and control groups (20 for the experimental and the other for the control group). The treatment of mindfulness training was held in 8 sessions of group training, once a week and for 2 hours. The statistical method of multivariate analysis of covariance was used. The measurement tools were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). After all, the results in both groups were compared and evaluated by the use of analysis of covariance. The results showed significant differences in symptoms of anxiety and depression between the two groups (p 0.05). Generally, the results of this research showed positive effects of mindfulness training on reducing anxiety and depression among patients with MS and ineffectiveness of mindfulness training on their executive function. Therefore, considering that there is no certain treatment for MS plus results of this study, the application of mindfulness training can be quite useful to reduce levels of anxiety and depression in patients with MS.

关键词： Mindfulness executive function Depression Anxiety Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Stress, executive function, Resilience and Quality of Life in Portuguese Subjects in Situations of Economic Insufficiency and Unemployment

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第4期5卷 350-361页

作者： Eduardo Goncalves Saul Neves de Jesus Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hospital Center of Algarve Faro Portugal Department of Psychology of Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of University of Algarve Faro Portugal

The aim of this study is the investigation of the impact of stress of Portuguese subjects in situations of economic insufficiency and unemployment on executive function and quality of life and the coping strategies and resilience skills used. The sample consists of 41 participants. The psychometric instruments used are validated for Portuguese population, measure (perceived) stress, coping, material deprivation, resilience and quality of life, defined by World Health Organization. executive function has been evaluated through performances at Stroop and Berg tasks. It has been concluded that, in this population, resilience skills and active coping strategies are positively correlated with quality of life. Quality of life is negatively correlated with material deprivation. Active coping strategies are supported by adequate executive function, which neurobiological substrate is dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Not active coping strategies correlate negatively with cognitive flexibility, suggesting the presence of a deficit at infero-lateral prefrontal cortex.

关键词： Stress Economic Insufficiency Unemployment Coping Resilience Quality of Life executive function

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Assessment of Stress Cognitive Control and executive function with Stress Control Rating Scale (ECOSTRESS) and Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) (In Portuguese People in Situations of Unemployment and Economic Insufficiency)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第2期6卷 158-164页

作者： Eduardo Gonçalves Marco Moniz Saul Neves Jesus Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Center of Algarve Faro Portugal Research Center for Spatial and Organization Dynamics (CIEO) University of Algarve Faro Portugal

This article reviews the constructs of stress, appraisal, coping, according to a transactional perspective, and executive function, and presents a stress control rating scale (ECOSTRESS), which design is founded in these constructs. This psychometric tool is useful in the assessment of cognitive control of stress, correlated with the function of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It has been validated for its use in the assessment of Portuguese people in situations of stress related to unemployment and economic insufficiency. Also, within the context of the cognitive control of stress, it is highlighted the usefulness of low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA).

关键词： Stress Anxiety Depression Mania Economic Insufficiency executive function Anterior Cingulate Cortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stress Control Rating Scale (ECOSTRESS) Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) Neurofeedback

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学前期儿童执行功能与攻击性行为的关系：认知共情的中介作用

幼儿教育导读（教育科学版）

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幼儿教育导读（教育科学版） 2024年第4期

作者：颜志强周可曾晓徐惠朱晓倩张娟

学前期儿童的攻击性行为与其执行功能密切相关，而共情则可能是二者产生联系的关键。因此，本研究拟探讨学前期儿童执行功能（研究1）及其子成分（研究2）与其攻击性行为之间的关系，并考察共情的中介作用。结果发现，学前期儿童的攻击... 详细信息

学前期儿童的攻击性行为与其执行功能密切相关，而共情则可能是二者产生联系的关键。因此，本研究拟探讨学前期儿童执行功能（研究1）及其子成分（研究2）与其攻击性行为之间的关系，并考察共情的中介作用。结果发现，学前期儿童的攻击性行为与其整体执行功能、抑制控制和工作记忆显著负相关，认知共情分别在攻击性行为与整体执行功能、抑制控制和工作记忆的关系间起中介作用。结果表明，学前期儿童的执行功能是其攻击性行为的限制器，抑制控制和工作记忆起主要作用；学前期儿童的执行功能通过促进认知共情从而抑制其攻击性行为。

关键词：学前期儿童执行功能攻击性行为共情中介作用　　preschooler executive function aggressive behavior empathy mediation effect

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The Relationship between executive function and Behavior Problems in Preschoolers:Evidence from Experimental Evaluation and Maternal-Report

The Relationship between Executive Function and Behavior Pro...

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第十九届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Shao Shuhui Xing Xiaopei Sun Xiaoli Wang Zhengyan Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology Capital Normal University

executive functioning(EF) refers to a set of higher order cognitive processes,which are involved in the self-regulation of thought,action and emotion.Previous research has suggested that impairments in EF were linked to children’s behavioral problems.However,most studies have been carried out with clinical samples or with school-age children and adolescence.A major gap in knowledge concerns the generalizabihty of this relation in normal-developing preschoolers.As chronic patterns of behavior problems have been identified and EF developed dramatically in the preschool period,it is important to examine the associations between EF and behavioral problems in Chinese normal-developing preschoolers.Given the large overlap between hyperactivity and conduct problems and the possible gender difference in relations between EF and behavior problems,we wished to control for conduct problems when studying the correlations between EF and hyperactivity and to control for hyperactivity when studying the correlations between EF and conduct problems,separately for each sex.Additionally,given that experimental evaluation and maternal-report,which were two common types of measures to index EF,appear to capture different levels of cognition,namely,the efficiency of cognitive abilities and success in goal pursuit,we employed both methods to assess EF and explored the correlations between these two types of measures and further examined whether the correlation between EF and behavior problems would differ according to two types of measures.A total of 333 Chinese preschool-age children and their mothers and teachers participated.Children’s EF were assessed by EF-Touch Program and maternal-report on Behavioral Rating inventory of executive function-Preschooler Version,and children’s behavior problems was assessed by maternalreport and teacher-report on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.The results showed that:(1) Correlations between two types of measures on EF were low.(2) Child EF by EF-Touch Program was not related to condu

关键词： executive function behavior problems experimental evaluation maternal-report preschooler

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