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Impacts of fire and phosphorus on sawgrass and cattails in an altered landscape of the Florida everglades

Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 50-60页

作者： Yegang Wu Ken Rutchey Susan Newman Shili Miao Naiming Wang Fred H Sklar William H Orem everglades Division South Florida Water Management District3301 Gun Club RoadWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA U.S.Geological Survey MS 95612201 Sunrise Valley DriveRestonVA 20192USA Cardno ENTRIX 339 Whitecrest DriveMaryvilleTN 37801USA.

Introduction:Although fire as a critical ecological process shapes the Florida everglades landscape,researchers lack landscape-based approach for fire *** interactive effect of fire,nutrients,water depth,and invasive cattails(Typha spp.)on vegetation communities is of special concern for ecosystem *** particular,questions concerning the effect of fire on nutrient release and,by extension,the potential thereof to stimulate sawgrass(Cladium jamaicense Crantz)re-growth and cattail expansion under varying hydrological conditions are of immediate relevance to ecologists and land managers who work to restore the ***:In late April of 1999,a 42,875 ha surface fire,including a 100 ha peat fire,burned the northern section of Water Conservation Area 3A(WCA-3A)in the *** this study,total phosphorus(TP)in soil,surface water,pore-water,and vegetation was sampled at non-burned,surface-burned and peat-burned areas within one and five months after the *** years after the initial fire,field data were collected in a large scale survey to analyze how the 1999 fire affected cattail distribution in the altered landscape of high soil TP and cattail *** GIS maps were utilized to select field sampling locations and to provide additional information for the ***:The analyses showed that five months after the fire,sawgrass biomass re-growth was about 5 times higher in burned areas(611±47 g/m^(2))than in non-burned areas(102±18 g/m^(2)).Sawgrass re-growth in water depths less than 30 cm was 4.9±0.4 g/m^(2)/day while sawgrass re-growth in water depths deeper than 60 cm decreased to 0.5±0.3 g/m^(2)/*** biomass re-growth in peat-burned areas was as high as 1,079±38 g/m^(2).The data also showed that post-fire cattail expansion could be related to cattail stands existing before the ***,post-fire cattail appeared more significant expansion in the areas with soil TP above 900 mg/kg than in that with so

关键词： Fire Phosphorus Sawgrass Cattails everglades Water depth Altered landscape Wetlands

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The Development of a Geographic Information System （GIS） to Document Research in an everglades Physical Model

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 289-302页

作者： S. Aich T.W. Dreschel E.A. Cline F.H. Sklar Photo Science Geospatial Solutions St. Petersburg Florida 3371 USA South Florida Water Management District （SFWMD） West Palm Beach Florida 33406 USA

The Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment （LILA） facility is a unique physical model of the everglades ecosystem. LILA has a closed-loop water delivery system and consists of four 0.08 square kilometer （-8 ha） macrocosms, created to be replicates of one another and of the everglades landscape. Built in 2003, LILA＇s purpose is to provide scientists with an opportunity to design and implement research concerning everglades restoration techniques in an accessible, controlled and replicated everglades environment. Key everglades habitats were sculpted within LILA： tree islands, ridges, sloughs and alligator holes. Water levels and flows in each macrocosm are controlled independently, so that researchers can study the effects of hydrology on everglades landscape and ecology. Studies have focused upon measuring survival and growth of native trees planted on the tree islands; measuring surface water and ground water movement and chemistry; studying wading bird feeding and the movement of prey species （crayfish）; and measuring erosion and accretion on tree islands and ridges. We developed a Geographic Information System （GIS） data set to identify, characterize, and spatially reference the features of LILA and document research activities. This development included mapping the boundaries of the landscape features, creating a theoretical Digital Elevation Model （DEM） and describing the research projects being carried out. The creation of this GIS data set enhances the ability to schedule and coordinate research, assist scientists in the visualization and spatial representation of their research, and provide a resource for the storage, analysis and synthesis of valuable scientific information.

关键词： CERP everglades everglades forever act GIS LILA ridge and slough tree island.

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Spatial dispersion and pattern of Lygodium microphyllum in the everglades wetland ecosystem

Spatial dispersion and pattern of Lygodium microphyllum in t...

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北京生物入侵国际研讨会

作者： Ken Rutchey Jason Godin everglades Division.South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club RoadWest Palm BeachFL 33406.USA

Lygodium microphyllum(Old World Climbing Fern) originated from the Old World Tropics and was first observed as a naturalized plant in South Florida in *** has since become a nuisance exotic and has rapidly spread and is being established system-wide in extremely remote and undisturbed areas such as the Florida *** particular *** is primarily invading higher topographic areas such as Everglade tree *** established,L. microphyllum rapidly outcompetes understory as well as shrub and canopy native *** particular concern is that *** is disrupting,at an alarming rate,the flora and fauna of the native ecosystem at the same time that a major 8.4 billion dollar everglades restoration program

关键词： Lygodium microphyllum spatial dispersion pattern IKONOS everglades wetland ecosysytem

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Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the Shark River Slough, everglades, Florida

Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction from the Shark Ri...

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中国古生物学会孢粉学分会十届一次学术年会

作者： Qiang Yao Kam-biu Liu Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences School of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University

This study examines the paleoecological records from the Shark River Slough in the southwestern part of the everglades National Park(ENP), Florida, with primary goal of reconstructing the Holocene history of the coastal mangrove ecosystem in the Florida Coastal everglades. Roughly 15 meters of sediments were collected and subjected to loss-on ignition, palynological, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. According to the literature, the earliest communities of Rhizophora mangle(red mangrove) occurred prior to 8000 cal yr BP in the south-central area of the Belize Barrier Reef Platform. Between 7000 and 5000 cal yr BP, Rhizophora was established in the Caribbean coast of South America and Central America. With warmer winter seasurface temperature and a decreased rate of sea-level rise between 5000 and 3000 cal yr BP, Rhizophora eventually colonized the coastlines of the Yucatan, South Florida, and Bermuda. Statistical analysis of 25 modern pollen spectra from the everglades National Park shows that different wetland sub-environments in the everglades can be identified based on their palynological signature. Accordingly, palynological data from sediment cores can be used to accurately reconstruct past wetland responses to a variety of environmental and climatic changes in the everglades. Multi-proxy analyses of sediment cores from four study sites along the Shark River Slough reveal that the midHolocene relative sea-level rise is the dominant cause of vegetation change. The Shark River Slough underwent three major transformations during the last six millennia:(1) Marl prairies were progressively replaced by dry prairies from ,700 to 3,800 cal yr BP.(2) Dry prairies were replaced by brackish marsh from 3,800 to 2,000 cal yr BP.(3) A significant expansion of mangroves occurred over the last 2,000 years. In addition to Hurricane Wilma in 2005, the southwestern everglades were directly impacted by at least six major hurricanes at ～3000, 1700, 950, 580, 350, and 120 cal yr BP.

关键词： Pollen mangroves paleotempestology everglades Hurricane Wilma

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雷达在调查佛罗里达everglades地区有机质土厚度方面的应用

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水土保持应用技术 1987年第3期 52-56页

作者： S.F.Shih ,J.A.Doolittle ,樊振国

佛罗里达everglades农业区大约有200000公顷有机质土.该地区主要有两种土类(大约占82%),Terra ceia腐殖土

关键词：有效穿透深度有机质土 everglades 雷达传感器分界天线传播速度厚度佛罗里达美国

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Evaluation of nutrient stoichiometric relationships among ecosystem compartments of a subtropical treatment wetland. Do we have “Redfield wetlands”?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 267-287页

作者： Paul Julian II Stefan Gerber Rupesh K.Bhomia Jill King Todd Z.Osborne Alan L.Wright Matthew Powers Jacob Dombrowski Soil and Water Sciences Department University of FloridaFt.PierceFL34945USA Soil and Water Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA South Florida Water Management District Water Quality Treatment TechnologiesWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of FloridaSt AugustineFL 32080USA.

Background:Evaluation of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)ratios in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems can advance our understanding of biological processes,nutrient cycling,and the fate of organic matter(OM)in these *** of aquatic ecosystems can change the accumulation and decomposition of OM which can alter biogeochemical cycling and alter the base of the aquatic food *** study investigated nutrient stoichiometry within and among wetland ecosystem compartments(i.e.,water column,flocculent,soil,and aboveground vegetation biomass)of two subtropical treatment wetlands with distinct vegetation *** flow-ways(FWs)within the network of everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas in south Florida(USA)were selected for this *** evaluated nutrient stoichiometry of these to understand biogeochemical cycling and controls of nutrient removal in a treatment wetland within an ecological stoichiometry ***:This study demonstrates that C,N,and P stoichiometry can be highly variable among ecosystem compartments and between *** law slopes of C,N,and P within surface water floc,soil,and vegetation were significantly different between and along ***:Assessment of wetland nutrient stoichiometry between and within ecosystem compartments suggests unconstrained stoichiometry related to P that conforms with the notion of P limitation in the *** in N:P ratios between floc and soil suggest different pathways of organic nutrient accumulation and retention between *** nutrient stoichiometry was highly variable and decoupled(or close to decoupled as indicated by<25%explained variation between parameters),in particular with respect to *** hypothesize that decoupling may be the imprint of variability in inflow nutrient ***,despite active biogeochemical cycles that could act to restore nutrient stoichiometry along the FW,there was little evidence that such balancing occurred,as the

关键词： Decomposition Mineralization everglades Treatment wetlands

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Environmental stress and eutrophication in freshwater wetlands: evidence from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 383-390页

作者： Ziye Zheng Yahong Xu Jianzhu Wang Yuncong Li Binhe Gu Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida18905 SW 280th St.HomesteadGainesvilleFL 33031USA Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida106 Newell HallGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Background:Florida’s everglades is a vast freshwater peatland that has been impacted by the alterations of hydrological pattern and water quality which led to changes in plant species composition and *** this study,carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes(δ13C andδ15N)in cattail(Typha domingensis)are evaluated as indicators of environmental changes in the everglades wetlands along nutrient and hydrological gradients represented by reference sites with total phosphorus(TP)<10μg L−1,transition sites with TP≥10μg L−1<20μg L−1 and impacted sites with TP≥20μg L−1 which differed in hydrology or habitats(marsh and canal).Results:Cattailδ13C values decreased significantly from reference(–24.1‰),transition(–26.8‰)to the impacted sites(–28.2‰).In contrast,δ15N values increased significantly from reference(–5.2‰),transition(2.4‰)to the impacted site(5.9‰).In response to a poor hydrological condition,cattail in marsh area displayed 13C enrichment(–26.0‰)and 15N depletion(0.2‰).By contrast,cattail grown in the canal sites with favorable hydropattern displayed 13C depletion(–27.6‰)and 15N enrichment(5.9‰)from the canal sites with more favorable hydrological ***:The different patterns for the changes inδ13C andδ15N in cattail suggested that increased nutrients led to increased stomatal conductance and 13C fractionation during carbon uptake and decreased 15N fractionation with increasing nitrogen demand while poor hydrological condition coupled with low nutrients led to reduced plant growth indicated by higherδ13C and lowerδ15N *** from this study suggested thatδ13C in emerged macrophytes such as cattail can be used as an indicator for environmental stress whileδ15N is a robust indicator for wetland eutrophication.

关键词： Cattail Eutrophication everglades Nutrient gradient Phosphorus enrichment Stable isotopes Wetlands

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Counteracting the Effects of Sea Level Rise in Southeast Florida

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第11期5卷 1507-1525页

作者： F. Bloetscher B.N. Heimlich T. Romah Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatics Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA Center for Environmental Studies Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA

Over the past 100 years, worldwide surface temperatures have increased at an unprecedented rate, contributing to warming of the oceans, melting ice fields and glaciers, and other adverse climatic effects. Southeast Florida＇s vulnerability derives from its geographic location, low elevation, porous geology, unusual ground and surface water hydrology, subtropical weather patterns, and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The region is especially susceptible to sea level rise. After several millennia of stable sea levels prior to the 20th century, sea levels have been rising at accelerating rates due to thermal expansion of the oceans and from land-based ice melt The everglades ecosystem and the water supplies for southeast Florida are particularly vulnerable as neither can be protected without significant expenditures of public dollars, and even these efforts may not prove to be successful. New approaches may be required to improve the resilience and prolong the sustainability of the region＇s water resources and ecosystem. The efforts to adapt to sea level changes in both the urban area and ecosystem as outlined herein are date and incident based-climate changes may occur earlier or later so instead of spending limited public dollars early, expenditures can be adjusted given future information.

关键词： Sea level rise water supply everglades

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