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evaluation of the CAM and PX Surface Layer Parameterization Schemes for Momentum and Sensible Heat Fluxes Using Observations

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第6期32卷 1026-1040页

作者： Youshan JIANG Dongqing LIU Gang LIU Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing 210009 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Nanjing Meteorological Bureau Nanjing 210019

In this study,the performances of the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM)and Pleim–Xiu(PX)surface layer parameterization schemes are investigated by using field observations.The parameterization schemes are evaluated against continuous momentum and sensible heat flux observations measured at two flat and homogeneous grassland sites in the suburb of Nanjing,eastern China.The observations were conducted from 30 December 2014 to 18 April 2017 at Jiangxinzhou and from 9 February 2015 to 26 March 2018 at Jiangning.It is found that the momentum flux is overall in good agreement with the observation,and the sensible heat flux is overestimated.The parameterizations of the momentum and sensible heat fluxes well capture the diurnal and seasonal patterns seen in the observations at the two sites.At Jiangxinzhou,the PX parameterization underestimates the momentum flux throughout the day and the CAM parameterization slightly overestimates it around the noon,while they underestimate the momentum flux throughout the year.The two parameterizations overestimate the sensible heat flux in the daytime as well as over the entire year.At Jiangning,the two parameterizations overestimate the momentum flux throughout the day and the sensible heat flux in the daytime,and overestimate both of them over the entire year.The two parameterizations are not significantly different from each other in reproducing the turbulent fluxes at the same site,while they perform differently at the two sites in terms of statistics.In addition,the parameterized fluxes increase with increased roughness length.

关键词： evaluation parameterization turbulent fluxes surface layer

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evaluation of Surface Relative Humidity in China from the CRA-40 and Current Reanalyses

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第11期38卷 1958-1976页

作者： Jingpeng ZHANG Tianbao ZHAO Zhi LI Chunxiang LI Zhen LI Kairan YING Chunxiang SHI Lipeng JIANG Wenyu ZHANG College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia(REC-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China School of Geoscience and Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China

Recently,the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)released a new Global Atmospheric Reanalysis(CRA-40)dataset for the period 1979−2018.In this study,surface relative humidity(RH)from CRA-40 and other current reanalyses(e.g.,CFSR,ERA5,ERA-Interim,JRA-55,and MERRA-2)is comprehensively evaluated against homogenized observations over China.The results suggest that most reanalyses overestimate the observations by 15%−30%(absolute difference)over the Tibetan Plateau but underestimate the observations by 5%−10%over most of northern China.The CRA-40 performs relatively well in describing the long-term change and variance seen in the observed surface RH over China.Most of the reanalyses reproduce the observed surface RH climatology and interannual variations well,while few reanalyses can capture the observed long-term RH trends over China.Among these reanalyses,the CFSR does poorly in describing the interannual changes in the observed RH,especially in Southwest China.An empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis also suggests that the CRA-40 performs better than other reanalyses to capture the first two leading EOF modes revealed by the observations.The results of this study are expected to improve understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current reanalysis products and thus facilitate their application.

关键词： surface relative humidity CRA-40 reanalysis current reanalysis evaluation

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evaluation of the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) in the South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第6期38卷 1640-1653页

作者： FAN Maoting WANG Huizan ZHANG Weimin HAN Guijun WANG Pinqiang College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The daily regional reanalysis product of the China Ocean Reanalysis(CORA)product was released in website in 2018.Using in situ observational data including Argo profiling floats,drifters,and cruise data,the performance of CORA in the South China Sea in terms of temperature,salinity,current and mixed layer depths is evaluated based on timescale(seasonal and interannual)and spatial distribution characteristics.The CORA temperature,salinity,and mixed layer depth show certain seasonal and interannual variations.In 50-400 m depth in the SCS,the CORA temperature is colder in winter and warmer in summer and autumn.In 0-150 m in the SCS,the CORA salinity is higher in most time of the year.However,in the second half of the year,the salinity is slightly weaker in 100-150 m depth.In most years,the CORA mixed layer depths tend to be shallower,and in season,shallower in winter and deeper in summer.In spatial distribution,the closer the area is to the coast,the greater the CORA errors would be.The CORA temperature is colder in the western side and warmer in the eastern side,resulting in a weaker SCS western boundary current(SCSwbc).In most areas,the CORA mixed layer depths are shallower.In the area close to the coast,the CORA mixed layer depths change rapidly,and the deviations in the mixed layer depths are larger.In the central SCS,the CORA mixed layer depths change slowly,and the deviations in the mixed layer depths are also small.

关键词： China Ocean Reanalysis(CORA) South China Sea(SCS) drifter,Argo cruise data evaluation

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evaluation of the Spasticity after Botulinum Toxin Injection Using Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第22期131卷 2763-2764页

作者： Chin-Hsuan Chia Fang Li Qin-Ying Li Wen-Ting Qin Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Renhe HospitalBaoshan DistrictShanghai 200431China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Jingan Branch Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

To the Editor:Spasticity is a common movement disorder after stroke.In 1 to 6 weeks after the stroke,approximately 40% of the stroke patients develop the spasticity on the affected side.Here,we report a stroke patient with spasticity using paired-pulse transcmnial magnetic stimulation to explore the central mechanism of the release of the spasticity after botulinum toxin injection.

关键词： evaluation of the Spasticity

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evaluation of groundwater quality in the Xinjiang Plain Area

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 183-186页

作者： Jinlong ZHOU Xinguang DONG Guomin LI Yiping WANG Xiaojing GUO Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China School of Environmental Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for the urban and rural residents in the plain area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.The quality of groundwater has a direct relationship with human health.Thus,386 groundwater samples collected from April to August in 2003 were analyzed.The samples were collected in basic evaluation units which are determined on the basis of watersheds.Total dissolved solids,total hardness,pH value,NH3–N,C6H5OH,Chemiluminescence detection of permanganate index(CODMn)and intestinal germ group were evaluated according to the guidelines of Groundwater Quality Standard(GB/T14848-93).The quality of the groundwater in each evaluation unit was classified by using the One Veto Method(a unified approach stipulated by the Ministry of Water Resources).The results indicate that the groundwater in the mainstream area of the Tarim Basin and the Yerqiang River Sub-basin belongs to Category V;the groundwater in the Wulungu River Sub-basin,the KaiduKongque River Sub-basin,the Kashgar River Sub-basin,the Cherchen River Sub-basin and the Hotan River Subbasin belongs to Category IV;the groundwater in the Aibi Lake System belongs to Category II,and the groundwater of other evaluation units belongs to Category III.The causes of water quality formation were concisely analyzed.The results can be useful for the evaluation and management of water resources in the Xinjiang Plain Area.

关键词： groundwater quality evaluation one veto method total dissolved solids(TDS) pH total hardness

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evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment Needs among Widou Schoolchildren in Ferlo (SENEGAL): A Transversal Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 343-354页

作者： Amadou Dieng Alpha Badiane Abdoulaye Amath Diop Serigne Ndame Dieng Engueran Macia Massamba Diouf Public Health Service Odontostomatology Institute Cheikh-Anta-Diop University Dakar Senegal IRL 3189 ESS UCAD Dakar Senegal Dento-Facial Orthopedics Department Odontostomatology Institute Cheikh-Anta-Diop University Dakar Senegal Dental Surgeon Specialist in Public Health Paris France

The aim of this study was to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs among Ferlo scholars. The design of the study was descriptive and transversal. For Inclusion criteria, children must live in Widou or live around Widou’s school at least 6 km, be students at primary school of Widou Thiengoly, have a general health state which permits a clinical oral examination and teacher’s and/or parent’s agreement. The investigation was exhaustive and concerned the only school of the locality. More of 4/5 schoolchildren was 10.25 years ± 2.15 old. The majority (83.74%) of children presented an overjet between 0 and 3.5 mm, 1.63% presented a crossbite and 15.45% had OIM and RC different over to 2 mm. More of 30% of schoolchildren presented an overbite between 1 and 2 mm. More of 1/10 of them had an aesthetic teeth perception classified levels 8.9 and 10 corresponding to an orthodontic treatment needed according to IOTN while 20.33% had a score of 4 and 3.25% recorded score of 5 corresponding to a high treatment needed according to IOTN. The results of this study reveal that people need to be informed better about the therapeutic possibilities that orthodontics offer.

关键词： evaluation Orthodontic Treatment Needs Schoolchildren Ferlo

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evaluation of the Functionality of the Networking of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Services in the Event of Gender-Based Violence in the Commune of Kpomasse in 2022

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 271-280页

作者： Patrick Makoutode Colette Azandjeme Jolinda Capo-Chichi Jacques Saizonou Ghislain Sopoh Institut Régional de Santé Publique University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.

关键词： evaluation Functionality Gender-Based Violence Networking Services Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Benin

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evaluation of Brain CT Images of Eclamptics in Portharcourt Nigeria

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Open Journal of Radiology 2023年第2期13卷 87-93页

作者： Job Gogo Otokwala Emmanuel Chukuemeka Agi Intensive Care Unit Department of Anaesthesiology University of Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Radiology University of Port Harcourt Nigeria

Eclampsia is a common complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and in the puerperium with the attendant risk to both the mother and baby. Although it is a multi-systemic disorder, its manifestation that affects the brain and resulting in altered sensorium demands brain imaging to define the possible brain lesions and the implications for critical care management and outcome. We evaluated the CT brain lesions in the patients with eclampsia who were admitted in the intensive care unit, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Nigeria. Objective: To analyse the CT brain images of eclamptic parturients and the outcome following their admission in the intensive care unit. Methods: We undertook this observational study after obtaining ethical exemption from the University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital ethical review board, and commenced the review between March 2021 to February 2023. We included all parturients that were admitted into the intensive care unit of the University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital, a nine-bedded open intensive care unit with the clinical diagnosis of eclampsia. Every admitted parturient was required to obtain a brain computed tomography (CT) by local protocol. The brain CT images were retrieved for review from the parturients’ relatives, radiology department and the ICU. Parturients included were aged ≥ 18 years. The radiological reports of these brain images which were also reviewed by a neurosurgeon in case of any need for secondary opinion were subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Thirty-one parturients were admitted with eclampsia with a mean age of 30 years ± 5.29. Sixteen (16) parturients died representing 52%. Only twenty-four (24) CT brain images were retrieved for review (77%). The following brain lesions were identified from the brain CT and they comprised the following: intracerebral haemorrhage, including extensions into the ventricles 7 (29.17%), cerebral oedema 12 (50%), subdural hematoma 1 (4.17%) and normal imaging 4 (16.66%). The subdural haematoma wa

关键词： evaluation Eclamptics Brain CT Intensive Care Unit Portharcourt

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evaluation of dissolved oxygen in water by artificial neural network and sample optimization

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Journal of Central South University 2008年第S2期15卷 416-420页

作者：陈丽华李丽 Experiment Center Northwest University for Nationality College of Chemical Engineering Northwest University for Nationality

Three important factors influencing directly the dissolved oxygen (DO) of river including the outflow, the water temperature and the pH, were used as input parameters to set up a BP neural network based on Levenberg-Marquant algorithm. The neural network model was proposed to evaluate DO in water. The model contains two parts: firstly, the learning sample is unified; secondly, the neural network is used to train the unified samples to ensure the best node number of hidden layer. The proposed model is applied to assessing the DO concentration of the Yellow River in Lanzhou city. The evaluation result is compared with that by the neural network method and the reported result in Lanzhou city. The comparison result indicates that the performance of the neural network model is practically feasible in the assessment of DO. At the same time, the linear interpolation method can add the number of network's learning sample to improve the prediction precision of the network.

关键词： dissolved oxygen (DO) BP neural network evaluation concentration

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evaluation and Exploration of Citrus Germplasm Resources in the Origin of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.ex Tseng Shiyueju)

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Asian Agricultural Research 2023年第10期15卷 28-33页

作者： Yanjun GUO Qianhua JI Liying GUO Guochan HUANG Bingwa FANG Liujian HUANG Hui JIANG Fengmei YANG Yaping HU Life Sciences College/Fruit Tree Research Institute of Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing 526061China Sihui Science and Technology Demonstration Park Zhaoqing 526061China

[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition an

关键词： Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.ex Tseng Shiyueju) Germplasm resources evaluation Zhaoqing City

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