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Laboratory and field Evaluation of a low-cost optical particle sizer

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 215-225页

作者： Mingzhen Tang Yicheng Shen Yanzhen Ge Jian Gao Chong Wang Liqing Wu Shuchun Si State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Grid-Based Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection Jinan 250100China Tai’an Ecological Environment Protection Control Center Tai’an 271000China School of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250013China

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices cannot.In addition to the mass concentration,the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate pollution.Therefore,low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers(OPSs).In this study,a low-cost OPS,the Nova SDS029,is introduced,and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments—the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI 3330.We first tested the sizing accuracy using polystyrene latex spheres.Then,we assessed the mass and number size distribution accuracy in three application scenarios:indoor smoking,ambient air quality,and mobile monitoring.The Evaluations suggest that the low-cost SDS029 rivals research-grade optical sizers in many aspects.For example,(1)the particle diameters obtained with the SDS029 are close to the reference instruments(usually<10%)in the 0.3-5μm range;(2)the number of particles and mass concentration are highly correlated(r≥0.99)with the values obtained with the reference instruments;and(3)the SDS029 slightly underestimates the number concentration,but the derived PM_(2.5)values are closer to monitoring station than the reference instruments.The successful application of the SDS029 in multiple scenarios suggests that a plausible particle size distribution can be obtained in an easy and cost-efficient way.We believe that low-cost OPSs will increasingly be used to map the sources and risk levels of particles at the city scale.

关键词： Optical particle sizer Particle size distribution Low-cost sensor Evaluation Field application

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Effectiveness Evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 735-744页

作者： Yuefan Zhang Jianhua Chen Dong Li Shuang Zhu Jian Gao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Fugitive road dust(FRD)contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities.However,there is a lack of information on its effectiveness.We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads(TRAKER)method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index(a)and PM concentration in the road environment(T^(∗)_(T)),to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface(ηa)and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment(ηPM).The results give that theηa for three types of roads is ranked:branch road(87%-–100%)>major arterial road(80%-83%)>minor arterial road(68%-77%),and the ηPM ranked:minor arterial road(70%)>branch road(46%-58%)>major arterial road(37%-53%).Theηa andηPM varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve.The average effective control time(ηa>0)was 62min on themajor andminor arterial roads,and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads.The ηPM values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads.Water-sprinkling can remove PM10 particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM2.5.Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.

关键词： Fugitive road dust TRAKER Water-sprinkling Evaluation Effectiveness

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Evaluation of ICUs and weight of quality control indicators:an exploratory study based on Chinese ICU quality data from 2015 to 2020

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第4期17卷 675-684页

作者： Longxiang Su Xudong Ma Sifa Gao Zhi Yin Yujie Chen Wenhu Wang Huaiwu He Wei Du Yaoda Hu Dandan Ma Feng Zhang Wen Zhu Xiaoyang Meng Guoqiang Sun Lian Ma Huizhen Jiang Guangliang Shan Dawei Liu Xiang Zhou China-NCCQC Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Medical Administration National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100044China Intensive Care Unit The People’s Hospital of ZizhongNeijiang 641000China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medicine SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Information Center State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China 不详

This study aimed to explore key quality control factors that affected the prognosis of intensive care unit(ICU)patients in Chinese mainland over six years(2015–2020).The data for this study were from 31 provincial and municipal hospitals(3425 hospital ICUs)and included 2110685 ICU patients,for a total of 27607376 ICU hospitalization days.We found that 15 initially established quality control indicators were good predictors of patient prognosis,including percentage of ICU patients out of all inpatients(%),percentage of ICU bed occupancy of total inpatient bed occupancy(%),percentage of all ICU inpatients with an APACHE II score≥15(%),three-hour(surviving sepsis campaign)SSC bundle compliance(%),six-hour SSC bundle compliance(%),rate of microbe detection before antibiotics(%),percentage of drug deep venous thrombosis(DVT)prophylaxis(%),percentage of unplanned endotracheal extubations(%),percentage of patients reintubated within 48 hours(%),unplanned transfers to the ICU(%),48-h ICU readmission rate(%),ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP)(per 1000 ventilator days),catheter related blood stream infection(CRBSI)(per 1000 catheter days),catheter-associated urinary tract infections(CAUTI)(per 1000 catheter days),in-hospital mortality(%).When exploratory factor analysis was applied,the 15 indicators were divided into 6 core elements that varied in weight regarding quality Evaluation:nosocomial infection management(21.35%),compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines(17.97%),ICU resources(17.46%),airway management(15.53%),prevention of deep-vein thrombosis(14.07%),and severity of patient condition(13.61%).Based on the different weights of the core elements associated with the 15 indicators,we developed an integrated quality scoring system defined as F score=21.35%xnosocomial infection management+17.97%xcompliance with SSC guidelines+17.46%×ICU resources+15.53%×airway management+14.07%×DVT prevention+13.61%×severity of patient condition.This evidence-based quality scoring system will help in assessing the key e

关键词： critical care medicine quality control Evaluation exploratory factor analysis(EFA)model

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Evaluation of Tianji and ECMWF high-resolution precipitation forecasts for extreme rainfall event in Henan in July 2021

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 122-131页

作者： Wen-tao Li Jia-peng Zhang Ruo-chen Sun Qingyun Duan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China CMA-HHU Joint Laboratory for Hydrometeorological Studies Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

The extreme rainfall event of July 17 to 22, 2021 in Henan Province, China, led to severe urban waterlogging and flood disasters. This study investigated the performance of high-resolution weather forecasts in predicting this extreme event and the feasibility of weather forecast-based hydrological forecasts. To achieve this goal, high-resolution precipitation forecasts from the Tianji weather system and the forecast system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were evaluated with the spatial verification metrics of structure, amplitude, and location. The results showed that Tianji weather forecasts accurately predicted the amplitude of 12-h accumulated precipitation with a lead time of 12 h. The location and structure of the rainfall areas in Tianji forecasts were closer to the observations than ECMWF forecasts. Tianji hourly precipitation forecasts were also more accurate than ECMWF hourly forecasts, especially at lead times shorter than 8 h. The precipitation forecasts were used as the inputs to a hydrological model to evaluate their hydrological applications. The results showed that the runoff forecasts driven by Tianji weather forecasts could effectively predict the extreme flood event. The runoff forecasts driven by Tianji forecasts were more accurate than those driven by ECMWF forecasts in terms of amplitude and location. This study demonstrates that high-resolution weather forecasts and corresponding hydrological forecasts can provide valuable information in advance for disaster warnings and leave time for people to act on the event. The results encourage further hydrological applications of high-resolution weather forecasts, such as Tianji weather forecasts, in the future.

关键词： Extreme precipitation High-resolution weather forecast Evaluation Flood forecasting Spatial forecast verification

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Quality Evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第3期10卷 204-213页

作者： Shidong Wang Jjianhua Guo Yang Yu Pujie Shi Hebing Zhang School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuoHenan 454000China China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring Beijing 100081China China Construction Seventh Bureau Urban Investment and Operation Management Co Zhengzhou 450000China

Several deficiencies exist in the present Evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas.These include the absence of an established set of Evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria,as well as the use of traditional sam-pling techniques,which are costly and in eficiency,and time-consuming.Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods,remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range,diverse information collection,multiple data-acquiring strategies,high speed,and short cycle.In this study,we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng,Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques,based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards.Subsequently,using remote sensing,we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects:reclaiming project quality,soil quality,and ecological benefits.Through the grading standards of Evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models,we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators,roads,ditches,soil moisture,organic matter,and ecological benefits after reclamation.Based on this,we established a quality Evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method.The Evaluation units were divided,and the weight of the Evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis(AHP-DEA)method.The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated,field accuracy was verified,and the results were analyzed.The results show that,except for the removal of roads,houses,and fishponds in the study area,all 13 Evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher.The quality of reclamation met the standards,and the Evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report,demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study.The research resul

关键词： Remote sensing Mining area land-Reclamation quality Evaluation Soil

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Evaluation and Projection of Extreme High Temperature Indices in Southwestern China Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 88-107页

作者： Fen ZHANG Linxiao WEI Yonghua LI Hongyu TANG Tianyu ZHANG Baogang YANG China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resource to Economy Chongqing Climate CentreChongqing 401147

Based on the recently released NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP)Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) dataset and the gridded observational daily dataset CN05.1, this study evaluates the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating extreme high temperature(EHT) indices in southwestern China and estimates future changes in the EHT indices under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs) SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 using 11 optimal CMIP6 models. Five EHT indices are employed:annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature(TXX), high temperature days(T35), warm days(TX90P),heat wave frequency(HWF), and heat wave days(HWD). The main results are as follows.(1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is highly capable of simulating the spatial patterns of TXX and T35 in southwestern China but it presents a weaker ability to simulate the spatial patterns of TX90P, HWF, and HWD.(2) The simulated time series of T35, TX90P, HWF,and HWD in southwestern China exhibit consistent upward trends with the observations. The linear trends of increase in TX90P and HWD are much greater than those of increase in TXX, T35, and HWF.(3) The estimated increases in TXX and T35 in southwestern China are significantly greater in Chongqing and the adjacent areas of Sichuan than in the other regions. Spatial distributions of the increases in TX90P, HWF, and HWD generally show higher values in the west and lower values in the east.(4) In the three different scenarios, the projected future TXX,T35, TX90P, and HWD in southwestern China all display a continuous increase with time and radiative forcing levels, whereas HWF initially increases but then decreases under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, TXX and T35 are projected to increase by 6.0℃ and 45.0 days, respectively. The duration of individual heat waves is also expected to increase.

关键词： NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 extreme high temperature(EHT) southwestern China Evaluation projection

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Suitability Evaluation on marine ranching in Guangdong,South China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 778-791页

作者： Anning SUO Weiguo ZHOU Dewen DING Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability Evaluation model for marine ranching site selection,and suitability Evaluation of marine ranching was conducted in.Results show that the ecological suitability index of marine ranching site selection was greater than 64.0 in 20 sites,including offshore Shantou Bay,offshore Zhanjiang Port,and Longdou Bay etc.,which are the priority areas for marine ranching.In other 13 sites,the ecological suitability index ranged between 8.0 and 32.0,including Houjiang Bay,Haimen Bay,and Jieshi Bay etc.,indicating the suitability for marine ranching.However,the ecological suitability index was 0 in Shantou Bay,Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary,Huangmao Sea,Guanghai Bay,Zhanjiang Port,Qiongzhou Strait,and Anpu Port.These sites are thus unsuitable for marine ranching.This study provides a theoretical basis for site selection and planning of marine ranching in Guangdong Province.

关键词： marine ranching site suitability Evaluation ecological niche Guangdong Province

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Evaluation of precipitation extremes over the Tibetan plateau using the NASA global daily downscaled datasets NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 884-895页

作者： Hui-Hui YUAN Jian-Bin HUANG Li-Ke NING Florent CATU Jie-Wei ZHOU Chen QIAO Ming YIN Yong LUO Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Yanshan Earh Critical Zone National Research Station Universtyf Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing148 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The utility of statistically downscaled data is in its provision of detailed,high-resolution insights,surpassing global models,which is essential for precise assessments of climate impact.This study delves into the changes in extreme precipitation across the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and its five subregions,thereby deepening our understanding of climate impacts in the region.Employing NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Climate Projections(NEX-GDDP-CMIP6),which are bias-corrected and statistically downscaled,in conjunction with three gauge-based datasets(CN05.1,CMFD,GMFD)spanning from 1979 to 2014,this study conducts an extensive analysis using eight extreme precipitation indices in the TP.The findings reveal significant spatial disparities in extreme precipitation,with the southern subregion experiencing a sig-nificant increase while the two northern subregions show statistically insignificant changes.NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 performs best in the eastern subregion but fails to capture extreme precipitation characteristics in the southern and western subregions.Averaging over the whole period of 1979-2014(climatology),the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset performs better on the intensity and persistence indices than on the absolute and relative threshold indices.NEX-GDDP-CMIP6's performance on climate trends is significantly below that of climatology.The NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset has limitations over the TP because of its reliance on the underperforming GMFD reference data.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the variability of extreme precipitation and disparities among different subregions of the TP,laying a robust scientific groundwork for climate impact studies and future projection in this region.

关键词： Extreme precipitation Tibetan Plateau NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Evaluation

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Development of a texture Evaluation system for winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3658-3668页

作者： KONG Xia-bing XU Min WAN Hao-liang HAN Ling-xi LIU Xiao-li LI Qing-jun HAO Bian-qing ZHANG Shao-jun LI Xiao-ming LIU Yi-hui NIE Ji-yun College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit(Qingdao)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products(Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety EngineeringQingdao 266109P.R.China Management Service Center of Shandong Binzhou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Binzhou 256600P.R.China Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031P.R.China Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050051P.R.China

Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’)is an excellent late maturing variety of fresh-eating jujube in China.Fruit texture is an important indicator of sensory quality.To investigate the correlations among texture indices and establish an Evaluation system for winter jujube texture,we used the TMS-Touch instrument to perform a texture profile analysis(TPA)on 1150 winter jujubes from three major producing areas in China.Eight indices and their best-fit distribution were obtained,including fracture(Pearson),hardness(InvGauss),adhesive force(Weibull),adhesiveness(LogLogistic),cohesiveness(LogLogistic),springiness(BetaGeneral),gumminess(InvGauss),and chewiness(InvGauss).Based on the best-fit distribution curves,each index was divided into five grades(lower,low,medium,high and higher)by the 10th,30th,70th and 90th percentiles.Among the texture indices,82%of the correlation coefficients were highly significant(PEvaluation model was consequently established based on factor analysis to evaluate the texture quality of winter jujube.The results demonstrated that winter jujube with higher comprehensive scores generally exhibited higher springiness and chewiness,but had lower adhesive force and adhesiveness.We used factor analysis and clustering analysis to divide the eight studied texture into four groups(cohesive factor,adhesive-soft factor,tough-hard factor,and crispness factor),whose representative indices were springiness,adhesiveness,ha

关键词： winter jujube texture TPA Evaluation representative indices

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Refined Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Products against Rain Gauge Observations along the Sichuan–Tibet Railway

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第5期36卷 779-797页

作者： Zhiqiang LIN Xiuping YAO Jun DU Zhenbo ZHOU Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225 China Meteorological Administration Training Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Tibet Institute of Plateau Atmosphericand Environmental Science Lhasa 850000

Being constructed in southwestern China, the Sichuan–Tibet Railway(STR) travels across the eastern Tibetan Plateau where there is the most complex terrain and changeable weather in the world. Due to sparse ground-based observations over the Tibetan Plateau, precipitation products retrieved by remote sensing are more widely used;however,satellite-based precipitation products(SPPs) have not yet been strictly and systematically evaluated along the STR.This study aims to evaluate the performance of six SPPs by a series of metrics with available ground observations along the STR during 1998–2020. The six SPPs include the datasets derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM), Climate Prediction Center morphing technique(CMORPH), Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation(GSMaP), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks(PERSIANN), and Fengyun-2 satellites precipitation estimate(FY2PRE). The results indicate that most of the SPPs can capture the precipitation characteristics on multiple timescales(monthly,daily, hourly, and diurnal cycle) as shown by the evaluated metrics. The probability density functions of the daily and hourly precipitation are also well represented by the SPPs, and 30 mm day^(-1) and 16 mm h^(-1) are identified as the daily and hourly thresholds of extreme precipitation events along the STR. The best SPP varies at different timescales:GPM and GSMaP are suitable for the monthly and daily scale, and FY2PRE and GPM are suited to the hourly scale.In general, GPM is relatively optimum on multiple timescales, and PERSIANN gives the worst performance. In addition, the SPPs perform worse at higher altitudes and for more intense precipitation. Overall, the results from this study are expected to provide essential reference for using the SPPs in meteorological services and disaster prevention in the STR construction and its future operation.

关键词： eastern Tibetan Plateau Sichuan–Tibet Railway(STR) satellite-based precipitation products Evaluation multiple timescales

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