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Understory plant diversity and phenolic allelochemicals across a range of eucalyptus grandis plantation ages

林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1577-1590页

作者： Jinjin Li Yumei Huang Lianghua Chen Shun Gao Jian Zhang Danju Zhang Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang 611130ChengduChina College of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang 611130ChengduChina

Allelopathy is an important mechanism in eucalyptus plantations that causes detrimental impacts on understory diversity.Phenolic compounds are the main allelochemicals suppressing understory plants.However,the dynamic changes in phenolic allelochemicals and their relationship with understory diversity with increasing age of eucalyptus plantations remain largely unclear.In this study,the understory plant diversity was assessed and phenolic compounds identified from leaf litter,roots,and rhizosphere soil samples in a eucalyptus grandis plantation at two-year intervals for ten years using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The abundance and diversity of under story plant species were lowest in 4-year-old plantations and increased significantly with age.Seven phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids were identified from leaf litter,roots,and rhizosphere soils.Most of the potential phenolic allelochemicals,such as salicylic acid,gallic acid,4-hydroxybenzoic acid,and epicatechin,were more abundant in younger plantations,especially at4 years old.The concentrations of phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere zone were significantly lower than in litter and root samples and did not change significantly with an increase in age.Notably,phenolic compounds contributed more to the variation in the understory plants than soil factors.Hydroxyphenyllactic acid,ellagic acid,quercetin,salicylic acid,and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the main phenolic compounds explaining the variation in plant diversity with plantation age.These findings indicate that young E.grandis plantations,especially at four years of age,merit a greater focus because of their lower understory plant diversity and higher allelopathic potential.

关键词： eucalyptus grandis Phenolic compounds Understory plant diversity Plantation age

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eucalyptus grandis plantations:effects of management on soil carbon,nutrient contents and yields

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 601-611页

作者： Diego Martin Sandoval Lopez Marcelo Fabian Arturi Juan Francisco Goya Carolina Alejandra Perez Jorge Luis Frangi Laboratorio de Investigacion de Sistemas Ecologicos y Ambientales(LISEA) Universidad Nacional de La PlataDiagonal 113 N°4691900 La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina

The expansion of fast-growing tree plantations is a worldwide process,with consequences on soil fertility and soil carbon storage.Disparate results were found on the effects of afforestation with eucalyptus on soil carbon and other nutrient contents.These discrepancies are usually caused by differences in climate,land use history,soil texture as well as by management related factors such as plantation age,number of rotations,method of establishment(plantation or coppice),harvest residue management and soil preparation.We studied the effect of plantation age,number of rotations,and method of establishment on soils and plant nutrient concentrations in eucalyptus grandis plantations in NE Argentina on different textured soils.We also determined if yields changed with nutrient variations in soils,and compared soils under plantations to soils under grasslands they replaced.Thirty-one E.grandis stands of different ages,number of rotations and method of establishment were evaluated as well as eight grassland sites.Levels of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium were determined for soils and plants.Soil carbon and nitrogen decreased over the number of rotations and were more pronounced in soils with 50-60%sand than soils with>75%sand.Coppice stands showed higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels than plantations,suggesting a negative effect of site preparation before planting on soil nutrient conservation,especially in fine-textured soils.Foliar nutrient concentrations did not follow the trends observed for soil nutrients nor did they reflect nutrient limitations.There was no evidence of decreased yields over successive rotations.Soil carbon and nitrogen contents decrease when grasslands are replaced by E.grandis plantations,and therefore a yield limitation may occur in a medium to long-term frame,especially in stands re-established for short-rotation management.Harvest residue management and site preparation must be specifically designed for improving soil nutrient management.

关键词： Soil texture Grasslands Foliar nutrient concentrations Successive harvest Coppice eucalyptus grandis

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Fire alters the availability of soil nutrients and accelerates growth of eucalyptus grandis in Zambia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1637-1645页

作者： Donald Chungu Phillimon Ng’andwe Henry Mubanga Felix Chileshe School of Natural Resources Copperbelt UniversityP.O.Box 21692KitweZambia Directorate of Distance Education and Open Learning Copperbelt UniversityP.O.Box 21692KitweZambia

Fire has been used to prepare land during tree plantation establishment for many years but uncertainty about how ecosystems respond to prescribed burning makes it difficult to predict the effects of fire on soil nutrients.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of burning accumulated forest residues(slash)on soil chemical properties and how trees respond.We analyzed 40 burned and unburned sites and compared growth of eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden between sites.Soil pH increased by 39%after fire,suggesting reduced soil acidity and increased liming.Total nitrogen increased by 100%;other nutrients(Ca^2+,Mg^2+and K^+)also increased.Increase in nutrients had a significant effect on the growth of E.grandis;larger and taller trees were associated more with burned than unburned sites.This study provides evidence that burning accumulated slash during land preparation prior to plantation establishment alters soil nutrient status and enhances the growth of E.grandis.

关键词： Nitrogen mineralization Forest residue burning Soil nutrients Zambia exotic plantations Plantation establishment eucalyptus grandis

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Corrective Interventions to End-Splitting and Surface Cracking in Kenya Grown eucalyptus grandis Poles

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第3期12卷 380-392页

作者： George Muthike Godfrey Ali Nellie Oduor Paul Munene Joseph Githiomi Kenya Forestry Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Kenya Wood Preservers Association Homa Bay Kenya Kenya Bureau of Standards Nairobi Kenya

This study determined the effect of three pole pre-drying handling techniques, on end-splitting and surface checking in eucalyptus grandis poles from highland and low land areas in Kenya. A total of 144 eucalyptus grandis trees were sampled from two sites;Kericho, representing the wet highlands and Londiani representing the drier lowlands regions of Kenya. Pole samples from both sites were subjected to the three pre-drying handling techniques for the first 30 days after felling and allowed to dry to the required moisture level under observations. The number of end splits and surface checks on each sample pole were counted and the length of the worst ones was measured in millimeters after every 15 days until all the poles reached 25% MC. The sap wood and heart wood ratios were determined from selected samples. Results showed that on the overall, poles from high land areas had the highest sapwood proportions and similarly had the highest number and the longest end splitting and surface checks. On the other hand, pre-drying techniques that allowed felled trees to dry slowly with their foliage intact for the first 30 days of felling produced the best quality poles, with fewer and shallower end splits and surface checks. The study recommended that felling and leaving poles to dry slowly with foliage intact be considered in reducing losses incurred as a result of wood stresses during drying of poles.

关键词： eucalyptus grandis Wood Cracking Wood Stresses Wood Drying

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Variation of basic density,calorific value and volumetric shrinkage within tree height and tree age of Ugandan grown eucalyptus grandis wood

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： Owen Emmanuel Sseremba P.Mugabi A.Y.Banana B.C.Wessels M.Plessis Department of Forestry Biodiversity and TourismMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda Department of Forestry and Wood Science Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

Insufficient knowledge on Ugandan grown eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden wood properties,high demand,and processing challenges led to a study into its physical properties.We obtained the variation of basic density(BD),calorific value(CV)and volumetric shrinkage(VS)within tree height and tree-age of E.grandis,and its appropriate use based on these properties.Trees with good boles were harvested from Kabarole District in western Uganda to produce specimens as prescribed by British Standards and ASTM standard wood testing procedures.Secondary data reviews and statistical analysis using ANOVA,Tukey’s test and multivariate analysis were done to obtain property estimates and their variation within trees and amongst tree ages.The mean BD of E.grandis is 413.6,380.5,471.0,and 501.1 kg m^(−3)at 3,6,9,and 12 years,respectively,showing significant increase with tree age(p=0.003).The pattern of BD with tree height showed a reduction with tree height although with higher values in the middle portion of the tree.The CV increases(p=0.014)with tree age and reduces with tree height with values of 14,560.32,15,447.3,16,079.11,and 16,932.6 kJ kg^(−1)at 3,6,9,and 12 years,respectively.The percentage VS was 11.02,9.84,12.31,and 14.45 for 3-,6-,9-,and 12-year-old trees,respectively,and it did not vary significantly(p=0.088)with tree height.Basing on these property values,E.grandis wood could be used for scaffolding,light constructions and fuel wood production.Its seasoning needs to be longer with well monitored drying schedules to reduce seasoning defects caused by the high VS.Further studies on strength properties,seasoning schedules,panel products properties and tree-age chemical variations would improve the knowledge about its wood quality and would enhance its efficient utilization.

关键词： eucalyptus grandis Age Calorificvalue Basic density Volumetric shrinkage Wood

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The effect of methylbenzene/ethanol ratios on chemical composition of extractives from eucalyptus grandis

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第3期14卷 235-239页

作者： ZHANG Bin WU Shu-bin GUO Da-liang State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640R R.China

Chemical components of methylbenzene/ethanol extractives of eucalyptus grandis were identified by GC/MS and different methylbenzene/ethanol solutions （9/1, 4/1, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2） were used to describe their distinctions. The distributions of micro particles in each extractive were studied simultaneously. The results show that there were significant differences between the various extrac- tives, although the extractives were essentially the same, i.e., alcohols, alkanes, esters and acids. With the increase of ethanol compo- sition in the solutions, the total amount of extractives increased; in solvent with higher amounts of ethanol, some acidic structures or acids, such as glutaric acid, could be seen. An investigation of micro particles indicated that the distribution of particle size of each sample did not change greatly between the solutions. A slight decrease in size was seen with the reduction in the amount of methylbenzene.

关键词： extractives eucalyptus grandis micro particles

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Morphological Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Fine Roots of 2-Year-Old and 3-Year-Old eucalyptus grandis Plantation

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2012年第6期1卷 9-14页

作者： Xiaoyu DUAN Xianwei LI Liuling ZHOU Weishuang WANG Hui CHEN College of Forestry Sichuan Agricultural University (Ya'an Campus) College of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University (Chengdu Campus)

[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics and nutrient content of f＇me roots of 2-year-old and 3-year-old Euca/yptus grand/s plantation and investigate the correlation. [ Method] Fine roots of 2-year-old and 3-year-old eucalyptus grandis plantation were collected as experimental materials, to determine the root diameter （D）, root length （L）, specific root length （SRL） and contents of major nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg and C of fine roots （level 1 -5）, study the morphological characteristics and major nutrient element content and investigate the correlation. [ Result] The results showed that morphological differences of fine roots （ level 1 - 5 ） of eucalyptus grandis plantation were great with the increase of root order, to be specific, D and L increased and SRL decreased with the increasing root order; SRL, L and D of 3-year-old eucalyptus grauclis plantation were greater than those of 2-year-old Euca/yptus grand/s plantation. Contents of N, Ca, Mg and C of fine roots of 2-year-old and 3-year-old eucalyptus grandis plantation showed consistent orders with the increase of root order： N and Mg contents were reduced, while Ca and C contents were enhanced; P and K contents varied with different forest ages; both 2-year-old and 3-year- old eucalyptus grandis showed an order of C 〉 K 〉 Ca （Mg）〉 N. Major nutrient element content and morphological characteristics of eucalyptus grand/s fine roots （level 1 -5 ） were extremely significantly correlated （P 〈0.01 ）, SRL, L and D could be adopted as reference indices to evaluate nutrient status of eucalyptus grand/s. Required nutrients and fine root morphology of eucalyptus grandis plantation changed with the increase of forest age, and the nutrient cycling and energy flow patterns also changed; major nutrient dements in fine roots of 2-year-old and 3-year-old eucalyptus grandis plantation transferred in a different order from the growth order, therefore N fertilizer could be applied to improve the growth of fine roots. [ Condusion] This

关键词： eucalyptus grandis Fine root Root order Nutrient elements Morphological characteristics

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涝渍胁迫对巨桉幼树生长及光合特性的影响

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林业科技通讯 2024年

作者：陈庆洲甘友美傅叶迪李闯官鹏刘喜建钱宗亮四川省林业勘察设计研究院有限公司四川农业大学林学院九龙县林业和草原局甘孜州天然林保护中心

采用套盆渍水的方法,探讨了不同渍水时长对于巨桉（eucalyptus grandis）幼树生长及光合特性的影响,试验设置7个时长处理（0、7、14、21、28、35、42 d）,并分析了渍水时长对于各项光合生理特征的影响及与巨桉幼树生长的相关性,为营造... 详细信息

采用套盆渍水的方法,探讨了不同渍水时长对于巨桉（eucalyptus grandis）幼树生长及光合特性的影响,试验设置7个时长处理（0、7、14、21、28、35、42 d）,并分析了渍水时长对于各项光合生理特征的影响及与巨桉幼树生长的相关性,为营造巨桉人工林立地选择及科学的水分管理提供一定的理论依据、数据支持和技术参考。研究结果如下:1)巨桉幼树的株高净生长量、根系活力等生长指标随着涝渍胁迫时间的延长呈现出明显的下降趋势。（P<0.05）,水淹结束后,各处理株高净生长量分别比对照下降了11.91%、21.43%、28.57%、28.57%、40.48%、50%;到42 d时,运输根、吸收根分别比对照降低了60.65%和75.85%;地径净生长量则呈先增加再减少的变化趋势;2)随着涝渍胁迫时间的增加,巨桉幼树的叶绿素含量、光饱和点（LSP）、最大净光合速率(Pmax)、暗呼吸速率（Rd）等指标都显示出逐渐下降的趋势,而光补偿点（LCP）则随着时间的增长开始升高;净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均显著降低,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）不断增加。综上,涝渍胁迫会阻碍巨桉幼树的正常生长,胁迫时间越长对植株的伤害越大,根系活力和光合利用率下降表明长时间的涝渍胁迫会使植株受损,不适应长时间的涝渍胁迫,也不宜在地势低洼和水淹频发地段发展巨桉人工林。

关键词：涝渍胁迫巨桉 eucalyptus grandis 光合特性生长

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Morphological and kinetic parameters of the absorption of nitrogen forms for selection of eucalyptus clones

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1599-1611页

作者： Matheus Severo de Souza Kulmann Betania Vahl de Paula Paula Beatriz Sete Wagner Squizani Arruda Gabriel Alberto Sans Camila Peligrinotti Tarouco Luciane Almari Tabaldi Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso Gustavo Brunetto Soil Science Department Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRS 97105-900Brazil Federal University of Santa Catarina Admar Gonzaga Highway1346FlorianópolisSC 88034-001Brazil Biology Department Natural and Exact Sciences CenterFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRS 97105-900Brazil

eucalyptus clones are selected according to productivity,wood quality,rooting capacity,and resistance to drought,frost and diseases.However,kinetic and morphological parameters that determine the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)) and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are often not considered in breeding programs.The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological,physiological and kinetic parameters of nitrogen uptake by clones of eucalyptus saligna(32,864) and eucalyptus grandis(GPC23).Morphological parameters in shoot and root systems,biomass and N concentrations in different organs,photosynthetic pigment concentrations,parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic rates were evaluated.Kinetic parameters,maximum absorption velocity(V_(max)),Michaelis-Menten constant(K_(m)),minimum concentration(C_(min)) and influx(I) were calculated for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) in the two clones.E.granais clone was more efficient in the uptake of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and showed lower K_(m) and C_(min)values,allowing for the absorption of nitrogen at low concentrations due to the high affinity of the absorption sites of clone roots to NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+).Higher root lengths,area and volume helped the E.grandis clone in absorption efficiency and consequently,resulted in higher root and shoot biomass.The E.saligna clone had higher K_(m) and Cmin for NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),indicating adaptation to environments with higher N availability.The results of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) kinetic parameters indicate that they can be used in eucalyptus clone selection and breeding programs as they can predict the ability of clones to absorb NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+) at different concentrations.

关键词： Ammonium and nitrate eucalyptus saligna eucalyptus grandis Root system architecture Nitrogen influx Maximum absorption velocity(V_(max)) Michaelis–Menten constant(K_(m)) Minimum concentration(C_(min))

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热带四种按树人工林的土壤指标对氮肥反应的评价

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第A3期20卷 237-242,286页

作者： D.S.Mendham S.Kumaraswamy K.V.Sankaran K.Smitha John T.S.Grove A.M.O’Connell S.J.Rance M.P.Sujatha CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Kerala Forest Research Institute

Low nitrogen (N) availability often results in reduced productivity of eucalyptus plantations. We studied the response of four eucalyptus plantations (two plantations of E. tereticornis on the coastal lowlands, and two plantations of E. grandis in the upland region of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India) to N addition and related this response to seasonal N mineralization as well as other indices of N availability, in order to examine the utility of soil based indicators of N mineralization for predicting the response of eucalyptus growth to added N fertilizer. Several biochemical indicators were examined for their capacity to predict response to N fertilizer, including total soil N, soil C:N ratio, and N released during anaerobic and aerobic incubation. Results show that nitrogen fertilizer addition increased productivity across the 4 sites from 7% to 70%, N released during an aerobic incubation had the highest correlation with fertilizer response across the 4 sites (R2=0.92, p<0.01), and that Modelled seasonal soil N mineralisation was a poorer predictor of fertilizer response than N released during an aerobic incubation. Whilst some of these indicators are promising, they need wider validation and testing before they could be routinely applied.

关键词： nitrogen mineralization eucalyptus grandis eucalyptus tereticornis N fertilization site management productivity improvement

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