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Elevated CO2 offsets the alteration of foliar chemicals(n-icosane,geranyl acetate,and elixene)induced by elevated O3 in three taxa of O3-tolerant eucalypts

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 789-803页

作者： Eka Novriyanti Qiaozhi Mao Evgenios Agathokleous Makoto Watanabe Yasuyuki Hashidoko Takayoshi Koike Research and Development Institute of Forest Fiber Technology FOERDIAMinistry of Environment and ForestryKotak Pos 4/BKN BangkinangKamparRiau 28411Indonesia Division of Environment and Resources Research Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400700China Institute of Applied Ecology Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuChina Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo 183-8509Japan Division of Applied Biological Sciences Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido Univ.SapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Shenzhen Graduate School of Environment and Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 518055China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085China

eucalypts are important forest resources in southwestern China,and may be tolerant to elevated ground-level ozone(O3)concentrations that can negatively affect plant growth.High CO2 may offset O3-induced effects by providing excess carbon to produce secondary metabolites or by inducing stomatal closure.Here,the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf secondary metabolites and other defense chemicals were studied by exposing seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus,E.grandis,and E.camaldulensis×E.deglupta to a factorial combination of two levels of O3(<10 nmol mol^(−1)and 60 nmol mol^(−1))and CO2(ambient:370μmol mol^(−1)and 600μmol mol^(−1))in open-top field chambers.GC-profiles of leaf extracts illustrated the effect of elevated O3 and the countering effect of high CO2 on compounds in leaf epicuticular wax and essential oils,i.e.,n-icosane,geranyl acetate and elixene,compounds known as a first-line defense against insect herbivores.n-Icosane may be involved in tolerance mechanisms of E.grandis and the hybrid,while geranyl acetate and elixene in the tolerance of E.globulus.Elevated O3 and CO2,singly or in combination,affected only leaf physiology but not biomass of various organs.Elevated CO2 impacted several leaf traits,including stomatal conductance,leaf mass per area,carbon,lignin,n-icosane,geranyl acetate and elixene.Limited effects of elevated O3 on leaf physiology(nitrogen,n-icosane,geranyl acetate,elixene)were commonly offset by elevated CO2.We conclude that E.globulus,E.grandis and the hybrid were tolerant to these O3 and CO2 treatments,and n-icosane,geranyl acetate and elixene may be major players in tolerance mechanisms of the tested species.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Epicuticular wax eucalypts Secondary metabolism Tropospheric ozone

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Some biological consequences of environmental change:A study using barnacles(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)and gum trees(Angiospermae:Myrtaceae)

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 122-131页

作者： John S.BUCKERIDGE Earth and Oceanic Systems RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present,and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil record.The present paper addresses the impact environmental(climatic)change has had on acorn barnacles and eucalyptus trees.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the K/T massextinction event.In the Paleogene,rapid radiation resulted in their occupying most marine environments.That balanomorphs survived both the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to adapt to opportunities;they are known from the littoral(Chamaesipho)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this from diverse substrates:rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with most larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the late Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in their diversity,distribution and biomass.Barnacles are contrasted with the Australian Myrtaceae:plants ranging from woody shrubs to tall trees.The most significant is Eucalyptus sensu lato,which typifies Australia’s flora,and is characterized by aromatic leaves that produce eucalyptol.Eucalyptus has evolved strategies that result in its domination of Australian open woodlands:these include production of highly flammable eucalyptol oil(with a flashpoint of 49℃)and an unprecedented ability to regenerate following forest fires.Gum trees and barnacles first appear in the Paleogene,their earliest records are Australasian,and they both demonstrate extraordinary resilience when environmental conditions are optimal.

关键词： adaption barnacles environmental change eucalypts evolution

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Longitudinal growth strains in five clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 339-343页

作者： Pankaj Aggarwal Shakti Chauhan Institute of Wood Science and Technology

We studied the variability in longitudinal growth strains and wood basic density in five-year old trees from five clones （one tree per clone） of Eucalyptus tereticornis. Mean longitudinal growth strain in clones ranged from 466 to 876 μm. There was a significant difference between clones in growth strains and wood basic density. Clone 10 exhibited maximum growth strains and basic density, whereas clone 3 and clone 7 exhibited minimum growth strains and basic density, respectively. Within a tree, the growth strain variation with tree height was high but statistically insignificant while within tree variation in basic density was very small. There was no specific trend in variation in either strain or density within a tree. There was 5% 200% difference in growth strain on opposite sides of the logs. However two strains showed a strong positive correlation. There was a moderate positive association of wood basic density and mean growth strains in logs. The variation around the periphery emphasize the need to measure strain more than one, preferably on opposite sides at the same height, on a tree to know the mean strain level for the purpose of selection of clones.

关键词： basic density clone eucalypts growth stress strain gauge

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Structural development of vegetation on rehabilitated North Stradbroke Island:Above/belowground feedback may facilitate alternative ecological outcomes

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 195-211页

作者： Patrick Audet Amanda Gravina Vanessa Glenn Phill McKenna Helen Vickers Melina Gillespie David Mulligan Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane(St.Lucia)QLD 4072Australia

Introduction:This study depicts broad-scale revegetation patterns following sand mining on North Stradbroke Island,south-eastern Queensland,Australia.Methods:Based on an ecological timeline spanning 4–20 years post-rehabilitation,the structure of these ecosystems(n=146)was assessed by distinguishing between periods of‘older’(pre-1995)and‘younger’(post-1995)rehabilitation practices.Results:The general rehabilitation outlook appeared promising,whereby an adequate forest composition and suitable levels of native biodiversity(consisting of mixed-eucalypt communities)were achieved across the majority of rehabilitated sites over a relatively short time.Still,older sites(n=36)appeared to deviate relative to natural analogues as indicated by their lack of under-storey heath and simplified canopy composition now characterised by mono-dominant black sheoak(Allocasuarina littoralis)reaching up to 60%of the total tree density.These changes coincided with lower soil fertility parameters(e.g.,total carbon,total nitrogen,and nutrient holding capacity)leading us to believe that altered growth conditions associated with the initial mining disturbance could have facilitated an opportunistic colonisation by this species.Once established,it is suspected that the black sheoak’s above/belowground ecological behaviour(i.e.,relating to its leaf-litter allelopathy and potential for soil-nitrogen fixation)further exacerbated its mono-dominant distribution by inhibiting the development of other native species.Conclusions:Although rehabilitation techniques on-site have undergone refinements to improve site management,our findings support that putative changes in edaphic conditions in combination with the competitive characteristics of some plant species can facilitate conditions leading to alternative ecological outcomes among rehabilitated ecosystems.Based on these outcomes,future studies would benefit from in depth spatio-temporal analyses to verify these mechanisms at finer investigative scales.

关键词： eucalypts Mono-dominance Forest regeneration Ecological restoration Mineral sands Mining

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