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Indigenous Knowledge on Soil Classification of ethnic groups in Luang Prabang Province of the Lao PDR

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第3期3卷 247-258页

作者： Linkham Douangsavanh Vongpaphane Manivong Anan Polthanee Roengsak Katawatin Yoshio Inoue Socio-economic Research Section National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Lao PDR Faculty of Agriculture Khon Kaen University Thailand National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Japan

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate ethno-scientific elicitation techniques in retrieving indigenous knowledge at village-level, and to document the indigenous soil classification systems of different ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province in the Lao PDR. The study area comprised three villages – Nambo, Huaymaha and Thapo, in the Phonxay district of Luang Prabang province. Three ethnic groups were covered by the study – Hmong, Khmu and Lao Loum. All three ethnic groups used soil color as main criteria for soil classification. However, even within the same ethnic group, sometimes different villages have differences in the way they classify soils; this was apparent for the Hmong ethnic group in the villages of Huaymaha and Nambo. A significant difference of the Lao Loum ethnic group from the other two, was the emphasis used in classifying soil types according to their water holding capabilities. In contrast, the Khmu and Hmong classified many soil types in relation to their rock content (‘with rock’ or ‘pure rock’ sometimesbeing used). The results of the study suggest that the ethnic groups classify the soils in relation to their potential for different types of agricultural production.

关键词： Indigenous knowledge ethnic groups soil classification anthropological Lao PDR

ethnic difference of Helicobacter pylori gastritis: Korean and Japanese gastritis is characterized by male- and antrum-predominant acute foveolitis in comparison with American gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第1期11卷 94-98页

作者： Inchul Lee Hojung Lee Mijung Kim Manabu Fukumoto Shinji Sawada Shriram Jakate Victor E.Gould Department of Pathology

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological factors underlying the ethnic differences of Helicobacter pylori gastritis and ***: We analyzed clinicopathological parameters of gastric biopsies having H pylori infection that were randomly selected from different ethnic populations including 147 Americans, 149 Japanese, and 181 ***: Males were predominant in Japanese and Korean populations (77.9 and 67.4% respectively) in comparison with Americans (48.3%) (P＜0.001). H pylori gastritis in Koreans and Japanese was characterized by the predominant antral involvement. In the antrum,neutrophilic infiltration into the proliferative zone of pit, i,*** foveolitis, was more frequent in Koreans (82%) than in Japanese (71%) (P＜0.05) and Americans (61%) (P＜0.001).Interstitial neutrophilic infiltration, intestinal metaplasia and atrophy were also frequent in Koreans and Japanese. In the body, the prevalence of acute foveolitis was not significantly different among the populations while chronic interstitial inflammation and lymphoid follicles were more pronounced in the body of Americans than in the body of others (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: The male-, and antrum-predominant Hpylori gastritis in Koreans and Japanese is compatible with the pattern of sex and topographical distribution of gastric cancer incidence. Our data suggest that persistent acute foveolitis at the proliferative zone is a crucial step in the gastric carcinogenesis.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori in fection Gastritis ethnic groups

Improving tuberculosis case detection in underdeveloped multi-ethnic regions with high disease burden:a case study of integrated control program in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1343-1351页

作者： Jun Li Xiao-Qiu Liu Shi-Wen Jiang Xue Li Fei Yu Yan Wang Yong Peng Xiao-Ming Gu Yan-Ni Sun Hui Zhang Li-Xia Wang Jockey School of Public Health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina National Center for TB Control and Prevention China CDC0515155 Changbai RoadChangping DistrictBeijing 102206China Yining Center for Disease Control and Prevention YiliChina Yili Center for Disease Control and Prevention YiliChina Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention UrumqiChina World Health Organization Beijing Office BeijingChina

Background:In the underdeveloped multi-ethnic regions of China,high tuberculosis(TB)burden and regional inequity in access to healthcare service increase the challenge of achieving the End TB *** all the provinces,the highest TB burden is reported in Xinjiang,where ethnic minorities and older people have suffered ***,current case-finding strategy is inadequate given the complex social determinants and suboptimal case detection ***,we developed an integrated TB control program to improve case detection and conducted a pilot in Xinjiang from 2014 to *** this case study,we summarized the activities and key *** also shared the experiences and challenges of implementing interventions and provided recommendations to inform the TB control program in the *** presentation:The pilot interventions were implemented in one selected town in Yining based on local TB control *** applying tailor-made educational materials,outreach TB educational activities were conducted in diverse *** 22 Masjids,the trained imams promoted TB education to the Muslims,covering 20,440 persontimes in 88 delivered preaching *** seven schools,1944 students were educated by the teachers and contributed to educating 6929 family *** the village communities,13,073 residents participated in household education and *** them,12,292 people aged under 65 years were investigated for suspicious pulmonary TB symptoms,where six TB patients were diagnosed out of 89 TB suspects;781 older people were mobilized for screening directly by chest X-ray,where 10 patients were diagnosed out of 692 *** healthcare system,multi-sectoral cooperation and multi-channel financing mechanism were the successful experiences of *** interventions were proved to be more effective than the previous performance:the number of TB suspects consulting doctors and patients detected increased by 50%and 26%,*** potentia

关键词： Tuberculosis TB control program Outreach education Household screening Case study/pilot ethnic groups Aged/older people Xinjiang/China

The Impact of Topography on Social Factors,a Case Study of Montenegro

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 131-141页

作者： TELBISZ Tamás BOTTLIK Zsolt MARI László KOSZEGI Margit Department of Physical Geography Eotvos University Department of Regional Science Eotvos University

Relationships between environmental and social factors have long been studied by ***,GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these *** order to detect the impact of topography on social factors,we selected the country of Montenegro as a case example due to its high topographic *** compared the spatial pattern of population,settlements and ethnic minorities to physical geographic factors,especially to topography,but lithology and land cover data were also taken into *** found that certain factors are closely correlated,*** settlement density linearly decreases with elevation,while the characteristic settlement area shows an exponential increase *** population density is not related to absolute elevation,but it is in close correlation with height(*** relative to the local minimum).Population change and illiteracy are also topography-related social *** the contrary,the variable ethnic pattern of Montenegro is influenced by historical,political and economic effects rather than by environmental factors or topographic *** a conclusion we state that in the scale of a country or a region,the environment can strongly impact some social factors.

关键词： Human-environment relations Dinarides GIS Settlements Population ethnic groups

A comparative study on serologic profiles of virus hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第1期7卷 107-110页

作者： BoYOUl Cho Moran Ki Hung Bae Park Department of Preventive Medicine Hanyang University College of Medicine Seoul 133791 Korea Department of Preventive Medicine Eulji University School of Medicine Taejon 301110 Korea

INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B viral infection, one of the most-prevalent liver disorders in China and Korea, is aserious infectious disease as it has the potential ofprogressing into liver cirrhosis and primary hepaticcarcinoma. China and Korea both belong to high-risk endemic regions of viral hepatitis[1]. TheHBsAg positive rates in China ranged from 6.9% -17.9% by age, race and test methods[2-5].

关键词： Adult Age Distribution Antibodies, Viral China Comparative Study Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ethnic groups Female Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hepatitis B virus Humans Korea Male Middle Aged Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Seroepidemiologic Studies Sex Distribution

ethnic Stereotypes in Kazakh Folklore

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Sociology Study 2014年第6期4卷 523-530页

作者： Bakytzhan Kelgembaeva Baurzhan Yerdembekov Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University Kazakhstan

ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs＇ zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors＇ aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives： to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people＇s historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions （enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance）; to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of＂enmity＂ in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.

关键词： Folklore stereotype ethnic groups epic legend

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少数民族经济利益探析

Social Determinants of Change in Smoking Status over a 26-Year Follow up Period among Middle-Aged and Older Americans

民族问题研究 2003年第10期 7-12页

作者：雷振扬

少数民族经济利益是指对少数民族生存与发展起积极作用的经济上的需要和好处。经济利益是少数民族的根本利益。在市场经济条件下，维护和发展少数民族经济利益，对于发展社会主义民族关系，维护民族团结和社会稳定，全面建设小康社会具... 详细信息

少数民族经济利益是指对少数民族生存与发展起积极作用的经济上的需要和好处。经济利益是少数民族的根本利益。在市场经济条件下，维护和发展少数民族经济利益，对于发展社会主义民族关系，维护民族团结和社会稳定，全面建设小康社会具有重要意义。发展民族经济，提高物质生活水平，克服市场经济造成的不利影响，改善生存环境，是现阶段少数民族最基本的经济利益需求。实现和发展少数民族的经济利益，既要依靠少数民族的艰苦奋斗，也要充分发挥国家在经济利益调节方面的作用，还需要全国人民的大力支持。

关键词：少数民族经济利益对策分析 ethnic groups economic interest countermeasure

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第4期9卷 29-41页

作者： Shervin Assari Department of Family Medicine Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA USA

Educational attainment and income are among major socioeconomic status (SES) indicators that are inversely associated with cigarette smoking. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, are weaker protective effects of SES indicators for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to non-Hispanic White people. The aim is to test whether racial and ethnic differences exist in the effects of educational attainment and income on cigarette smoking of middle-aged and older American adults. This is a 26-year longitudinal study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative study of middle-aged and older adults in the US. A total number of 11,316 middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50) were followed for up to 26 years. The independent variables were educational attainment and income. The dependent variables were always smoking and being quitters over the follow-up time. Age, gender, self-rated health, and chronic medical conditions were the covariates. Race/ethnicity was the moderator. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Most participants were never smokers (n = 7950), followed by quitters (n = 1765), always smokers (n = 1272), and initiators (n = 329). Overall, high educational attainment (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.90 - 0.95) and income (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99 - 0.99) reduced the odds of being always smoker. High educational attainment (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.08) was associated with higher odds of being a quitter. ethnicity, however, showed significant interactions with education on both outcomes suggesting that the effects of educational attainment on reducing the odds of always being a smoker (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.14 - 1.35) and increasing the odds of quitting (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75 - 0.93) were smaller for Hispanics than non-Hispanics. In the United States, middle-aged and older Hispanic adults remain at high risk of smoking cigarettes despite high educational attainment. That is, high ed

关键词： Smoking Tobacco Use Population groups ethnic groups Race Socioeconomic Position Socioeconomic Status

Microalbuminuria in White and Black Hypertensive Nondiabetic Brazilian Patients

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第5期4卷 236-243页

作者： Andreza Alves Belo Eduardo Luis Guimaraes Machado Amintas Fabiano de Souza Figueiredo Estevao Lanna Figueiredo Centro de Desenvolvimento Inovacao Ciencia e Tecnologia—CDICTBHTECBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas de Minas Gerais Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Análises Clinicas e Toxicologicas Faculdade de FarmaciaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Hospital Lifecenter Belo HorizonteMGBrazil

Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) and also in an unselected population. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) define MAU as an albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) between 30 and 300 μg/mg in both men and women. Aim: To evaluate the possible relationship among MAU, HTN and gender and ethnicity in Brazilian nondiabetic primary hypertensive patients. Design: Population-based study. Participants: Ninety-eight men and women, seventy-two black and twenty-six white nondiabetic primary hypertensive patients aged 20 years or older were selected. Forty healthy individuals, paired according to age, gender, and ethnics were used as controls. Methods: Early-morning midstream urine was used. Urinary albumin was spectrophotometrically measured with Coomassie Brillant Blue G-250. Creatinine was determined by a method based on Jaffe’s reaction. ACR (μg albumin/mg creatinine) was calculated. Data are expressed as medians. Results: ACR level was significantly higher in 98 hypertensive patients (38.00) than in 40 control individuals (23.00) (P ethnicity on ACR levels between 26 hypertensive Whites (35.50) and 72 hypertensive Blacks (38.00) was observed (P = 0.978). Conclusions: The ACR level, significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in control individuals, supports data from the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the ACR level is significantly higher in men than in women. The lack of an ethnicity effect supports what was already asserted, namely, that in Brazil, at an individual level, color, as determined by physical evaluation, is a poor predictor of genomic African ancestry, as estimated by molecular markers.

关键词： Albumin Creatinine Rate Microalbuminuria Primary Hypertension ethnic groups Brazilian