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essential oil from Citrus aurantium Alleviates Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第3期27卷 177-182页

作者： Khalil Moradi Hossein Ashtarian Nicholas Yakubu Danzima Hamid Saeedi Behrouz Bijan Farzaneh Akbari Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi Intensive Care Unit Imam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran Health Education Department Health SchooKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKerm anshahIran School of Nursing and Micwilery Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Student Research Comite School of NursingTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran

Objective To determine the effectiveness and safety of essential oil from Citrus aurantium on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.Methods A single-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 patients experiencing coronary angiography in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah,Iran from April to November in 2016.All patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by a random number table,40 cases in each group.The patients in the intervention group inhaled Citrus aurantium essential oil for 15–20 min about 60 min before angiography.Following the same procedure,distilled water was used instead of Citrus aurantium in the control group.Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)was filled in and vital signs including systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),respiratory and pulse rate were recorded before and 20 min after the intervention.Adverse reactions after intervention were observed.Results In the intervention group,the mean scores of STAI,SBP,DBP,respiratory and pulse rate were 53.30±10.13,134.82±11.75 mm Hg,84.49±6.99 mm Hg,17.87±1.73 times/min,and 76.48±12.55 beats/min at baseline and significantly decreased to 42.37±10.15,124.49±10.48 mm Hg,79.23±6.62 mm Hg,14.54±1.43 times/min,and 70.03±13.66 beats/min respectively 20 min after intervention(all P0.05).All subjects reported no adverse reactions.Conclusion Inhalation of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium was effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

关键词： single-blind randomized controlled trial essential oil Citrus aurantium anxiety coronary angiography non-drug treatment aromatherapy

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Synergistic antifungal mechanism of effective components from essential oil against Penicillium roqueforti

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： Fangyuan Zhao Qianyu Li Hao Wu Jinglin Huang Jian Ju Special Food Research Institute Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Qingdao Special Food Research Institute Qingdao 266109China Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing(Co-construction by Ministry and Province) Ministry of Agriculture Rural AffairsChina

essential oil(EO)has significant antifungal activity.However,there is limited information on the mechanism of the synergistic antifungal effect of the effective components of EO against fungi.In the present study,molecular electrostatic potential and molecular docking were used for the first time to investigate the synergistic antifungal mechanism of eugenol and citral small molecule(C_(EC))against Penicillium roqueforti.The results showed that the C_(EC)treatment made the activity ofβ-(1,3)-glucan synthase(GS)and chitin synthase(CS)decreas by 20.2%and 11.1%,respectively,and the contents of which decreased by 85.0%and 27.9%,respectively compared with the control group.Molecular docking revealed that C EC small molecules could bind to GS and CS through different amino acid residues,inhibiting their activity and synthesis.The C EC can combine with tryptophan,tyrosine,and phenylalanine in the cell membrane,causing damage to the cell membrane.The binding sites between small molecules and amino acids were mainly around the OH group.In addition,C EC affected the energy metabolism system and inhibited the glycolysis pathway.Simultaneously,C EC treatment reduced the ergosterol content in the cell membrane by 58.2%compared with the control group.Finally,changes in𝛽-galactosidase,metal ion leakage,and relative conductivity confirmed the destruction of the cell membrane,which resulted in the leakage of cell contents.The above results showed that C EC can kill P.roqueforti by inhibiting energy metabolism and destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.

关键词： essential oil Antifungal mechanism Molecular docking Molecular potential

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essential oil yield and composition of four annual plants(ajowan,dill,moldavian balm and black cumin)under saline irrigation

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Food Therapy and Health Care 2022年第1期4卷 16-24页

作者： Saeid Davazdahemami Marziyeh Allahdadi Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)IsfahanIran Department of Plant Ecophysiology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran

Background:Ajowan,dill,moldavian balm and black cumin are annual medicinal plants,essential oil bearing that are cultivated in different parts of the world.Methods:A field experiment was conducted to assess the essential oil of ajowan,dill,moldavian balm and black cumin under salinity of 0.3,3,6 and 9 dS/m NaCl.essential oils were obtained by using a Clevenger apparatus and their constituents were identified by GC and GC/MS.Results:Results showed that essential oil yield varied in tested plants under salt stress,but its changes did not follow a specific trend.Thymol was the most abundant constituent of ajowan seed essential oil,while thymol,γ-terpinene and p-cymene were the major constituents of the foliage essential oil of it.The most important component of dill seed essential oil was carvone and three main components of foliage essential oil were carvone,limonene andα-phellandrene.The essential oil component in moldavian balm mostly contained neral,geranial,geraniol,neryl acetate and geranyl acetate.The essential oil of black cumin was mainly composed of p-cymene under saline irrigation.Conclusion:The essential oil yield and compositions were affected by salt stress.The essential oil yield decreased because of decreasing dry biomass production.

关键词： essential oil foliage GC/MS medicinal plants NaCl seed

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essential oil content and composition of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) in Sri Lanka

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 127-130页

作者： Upul Subasinghe Manuri Gamage D.S. Hettiarachchi Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Sri Jayewar- denepura UniversityNugegoda 10250Sri Lanka. Wescorp Group Caning Vale6155Western Australia.

Santalum album （Indian Sandalwood） is found in the mountainous regions of the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Few studies have been conducted on sandalwood ecology in this region, and ours is the first recorded study of essential oil content and chemical composition of heartwood. We harvested two trees with State permission and took cross-sections for analysis. We demonstrated a difference in the heartwood formation and oil yield of the trees. The composition of the oil was found to be consistent between trees and along the trunk of the tree. Main aromatic compounds were santalols and other compounds are recorded in lesser quantities. Results of this study comply with the other published work on sandalwood elsewhere. This initial study on S. album in Sri Lanka provided promising results for the future of sandalwood agroforestry.

关键词： essential oil Sri Lanka Sandalwood Santalum album santalol

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Repellent,larvicidal and adulticidal activities of essential oil from Dai medicinal plant Zingiber cassumunar against Aedes albopictus

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Plant Diversity 2021年第4期43卷 317-323页

作者： Ming-Xiang Li Yong-Peng Ma Hong-Xia Zhang Hong-Zheng Sun Hong-Hai Su Sheng-Ji Pei Zhi-Zhi Du Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Kunming City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kunming650034China

Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito re-pellent.However,the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown.The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z.cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus.We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z.cassumunar essential oil against Ae.albopictus.In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose(MED)of 0.16±0.01 mg/cm^(20,compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET,0.03±0.01 mg/cm^(20).Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z.cassumunar essential oil as(-)-terpinen-4-ol(1)(MED:0.19±0 mg/cm^(20).We also found that Z.cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae.albopictus with a LC50(50%lethal concentration)of 44.9 mg/L after 24 h.Fumigation bioassays showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae.albopictus with a LC50 of 5.44%,while(-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC50 of 2.10%after 24 h.This study verifies that the Z.cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity,and that(-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity.Furthermore,this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z.cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z.cassumunar essential oil and(-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.

关键词： Zingiber cassumunar essential oil Repellent activity Larvicidal activity Adulticidal activity (-)-Terpinen-4-ol

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Amelioration of altered antioxidant enzyme activity by Satureja khuzistanica essential oil in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2014年第9期12卷 672-676页

作者： Hassan Ahmadv Razi Herbal Researches Center Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences

AIM: To examine the possible protective effect of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil(SKE) on antioxidant enzyme activity in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats. METHOD: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups randomly; group one as control, group two diabetic, with no treatment, and group three treatment with SKE at 500 ppm in drinking water, respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second and third groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously. After eight weeks, animals were anaesthetized. Blood samples were also collected before killing to measure antioxidant enzymes activity. RESULTS: SKE significantly increased the serum level of glutathione and the serum activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the treated group compared with the diabetic untreated group. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that SKE exerts beneficial effects on the antioxidant enzymes activity in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats.

关键词： Diabetes Antioxidant enzyme activity Satureja khuzistanica essential oil

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Effects of lanthanum on the growth and essential oil components of lavender under osmotic stress

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第8期36卷 891-897页

作者： Liyun Zhu Linzhen Song Yongsheng Gao Junqing Qian Xiaodong Zhang Sufang Li College of Modem Science and Technology China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China Anhui Hanfang Bio-tech Co. Ltd. Huaibei 235000 China National & Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310012 China

The effects of lanthanum on growth, soluble sugar content, essential oil contents and quality were studied in lavender plant（Lavandula Angustifolia Mill, Variety 701） under osmotic stress by means of PEG-6000 solution. The results show that osmotic stress could reduce the growth rate of lavender, and increase the content of SSC（soluble sugar concentration） to some extent. Compared with control group,the contents of essential oil in flowers and leaves respectively increase by 45.6% and 48.3% in the osmotic stress group induced by 15% PEG-6000. However, the presence of lanthanum can make the contents of essential oil in the flowers and leaves of stressed lavender plants enhance by 19.4% and 18.6%, respectively. Under osmotic stress, the relative contents of four kinds of lavender essential oil compositions of camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and lavandulol acetate in the lavender flowers were successively 22.63%,0.61%,25.46%,7.03%,and 20.17%,0.62%,20.72%,10.80%,respectively in the presence and absence of lanthanum. The contents of all four main components of lavender essential oils meet the requirements of the national standard under osmotic stress in the presence of lanthanum. However, in the absence of lanthanum, the contents of linalyl acetate and lavandulol acetate does not meet the requirements of the national standard under osmotic stress. Moreover, the contents of five components of borneol, camphor,eudesmol, caryophyllene oxide and bicyclic sesquiphellandrene from the essential oil of lavender leaves are 12.89%, 3.84%, 8.76%, 11.30% and 8.10%, respectively. The total content of above five components accounts for 44.89% of the essential oil of the lavender leaves. Particularly, the borneol content in leaf essential oil is up to 12.89%. It is 125.2 times the amount of borneol in the flower essential oil. In conclusion, the suitable concentration of lanthanum can improve the adaptability of lavender plants, and heighten the content and quality of lavender essential oil to some extent under osmotic stress.

关键词： Lanthanum Lavender essential oil Secondary metabolites Osmotic stress Rare earths

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Chemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial effects and mechanism of action of Trachyspermum copticum essential oil against Escherichia coli

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 726-732页

作者： Wei Huang Jian-Qing Wang Hai-Yan Song Qian Zhang Guang-Fa Liu Tianjin University of Science & Technology China Packaging Research&Test Center

Objective: To find a natural plant essential oil(EO) with excellent antimicrobial effect on food-borne bacteria and to explore the mechanism of its antimicrobial function against Escherichia coli(E. coli). Methods: The antimicrobial activity of seven EOs against Gramnegative E. coli ATCC 8739 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 was investigated using agar disk diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of each EO was determined using the broth dilution method. The chemical composition of the Trachyspermum copticum(T. copticum) EO was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC/MS). In order to explore the mechanism of the antimicrobial action, 1 MIC and 2 MIC of T. copticum EO was added to a suspension of E. coli, the growth curve and the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis of E. coli, and the release of cell constituents and protein and potassium ions from the bacterial cell were measured. Results: The T. copticum EO had the best antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria, and 10 compounds accounting for 94.57% of the total oil were identified, with the major components being thymol(46.22%), p-cymene(19.03%), and 毭-terpinene(22.41%). The addition of 1 MIC T. copticum EO significantly inhibited the growth of E. coliand increased the release of cell constituents and protein and potassium ions from the bacterial cells. Scanning electron micrographs showed that T. copticum EO caused most of the E. colicell membranes to collapse and rupture, leading to cell death. Conclusions: These results indicate that T. copticum EO is a good natural antimicrobial agent for food-borne pathogens.

关键词： essential oil Trachyspermum copticum Antimicrobial activity GC/MS Escherichia coli Mechanism

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A further study of the kinetics and optimization of the essential oil hydrodistillation from lavender flowers

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 126-130页

作者： Aleksandra Perovic Mihajlo Z.Stankovic Vlada B.Veljkovic Milan D.Kostic Olivera S.Stamenkovic University of Niš Faculty of TechnologyBulevar oslobodjenja 124Leskovac 16000Serbia The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Knez Mihailova 35Belgrade 11000Serbia

Hydrodistillation has commonly been used to recover essential oil from various plant materials,including lavender(Lavandula officinalis) flowers.The main objectives of the present study were to model the kinetics of the lavender essential oil(LEO) hydrodistillation using a phenomenological model,to evaluate the statistical significance of the hydromodule and hydrodistillation time on LEO yield combining a 4~2 full factorial design with the response surface methodology,to model statistically LEO yield by multiple non-linear regression and to determine the optimal process conditions that provided the maximum LEO yield.The fast-essential oil distillation(washing stage) in the initial period and the slow diffusion stage until the saturation occurring simultaneously were observed,justifying the use of the phenomenological model.With increasing the hydromodule,the saturation LEO yield and the washable fraction of the LEO decreased while the washing and diffusion rate constants increased.Knowledge of the LEO oil yield and the hydrodistillation kinetics is important from the techno-economical point of view.

关键词： essential oil Lavender Lavandula officinalis L. Kinetics Hydrodistillation Modeling

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Natural variability of essential oil and antioxidants in the medicinal plant Turnera diffusa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第2期10卷 114-119页

作者： Ana Lucía Urbizu-González Octelina Castillo-Ruiz Guillermo Cristian Guadalupe Martínez-Ávila Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Instituto de Ecología AplicadaDivisión del Golfo 356Col.Libertad87019Ciudad VictoriaTamaulipasMéxico Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa AztlánCalle 16 y Lago de Chápala s/n Col.AztlánC.P.88740ReynosaTamaulipasMéxico Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de AgronomíaFrancisco Villa s/n.Col.Ex Hacienda El Canadá66050General EscobedoNuevo LeónMéxico

Objective:To evaluate differences in yield and composition of the essential oil and antioxidant contents in T.diffusa plants from localities in central region of Tamaulipas.Methods:Samples were collected in Tamaulipas,Mexico in the arid zone.essential oil was obtained through steam distillation and analyzed using GC-MS.Polyphenol contents,antioxidant activities using ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) methods also were evaluated.Results:A total of 21 compunds were identified in the essential oils;nevertheless,only Eucalyptol,1,4-Methanocycloocta[d]pyridazine,1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-11,11-dimethyl-,(1à,4à,4aà,10aà) y Ethanone,1-(1,3-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) were detected in the three sites.Highest contents were registered in the sample from Padrón y Juárez with phenolic content of 33.85 mg GAE/g of dry material and antioxidant activities with ABTS 72.32% and with FRAP 21.33 mg GAE/g of dry material.Statistical differences were observed in essential oil,phenolics and antioxidants contents between populations.Conclusions:Results suggest that climatic differences and origin influence the phytochemicals in the medicinal plant T.diffusa,and thus,it is worth to consider such effects for industrial and medicinal purposes.

关键词： essential oil Antioxidants Phytochemicals Chemical variation

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