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Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: A methodology proposal

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1693-1710页

作者： Carlos R.AGUILAR-GóMEZ Sergio FRANCO-MAASS Tizbe T.ARTEAGA-REYES Agrolivestock Sciences and Rural Institute Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological environmental services(PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.

关键词： Differentiated payments environmental services Mountain systems Multi-criteria analysis Social participation

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Marketing Practice of Forest environmental services in China

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2003年第4期2卷 58-63页

作者： LIU CanChina National Forestry Economics and Development Research Center State Forestry Administration (SFA). Beiiine 100714. P.R. China

The paper discusses marketing practice of forest environmental services in China, in accordance with Pigou's tax, governmental measures and market-based instruments are analyzed. The constrains and opportunities are presented in the paper, and there is still a long way for China to establish better marketing practices for environmental services of forest resources.

关键词： marketing environmental services externality forestry economics

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Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir:a case study for ecosystems valuation and environmental management

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Ecological Economy 2007年第4期3卷 381-392页

作者： Hu Yanxia Zhou Liandi Dong Xiaobin Yan Maochao Institute for Integrated Development of Agriculture Beijing Academy of Ago-forestry Sciences Beijing 100097P.R.China Institute of Resource Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875P.R.China College of Agronomy and Biological Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R China Institute of Geographial Sciences and Natural Resource Resarch CAS Beijing 100094P.R.China

To build the artificial forest ecosystem is the major eco-economic development model in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir. It is very important to evaluate the benefits of those ecosystems. Emergy theories are very helpful for us to establish a science-based assessment framework. Emergy evaluation of the artificial forest ecosystems in the watershed of Miyun Reservoir is used to asses the relative values of several ecological functions (sometimes called ecosystem services) and main ecosystem storages (sometimes called natural capital). The main driving energies, internal processes and storages are evaluated. The main functions, including transpiration, GPP and infiltration, are evaluated, which are 609em$/ha/yr, 6,245em$/ha/yr and 340em$/ha/yr respectively. The total values of major environmental services are 4,683em$/ha/yr in the artificial forest ecosystem. The main storages of natural capital including live biomass, soil moisture, organic matter, underground water and landform are estimated, which are 112,028em$/ha, 9em$/ha, 40,718em$/ha, 34em$/ha and 6,400,514em$/ha respectively. The largest value is landform, which accounts for 97.7% of these calculated total emdollar values. The concept of replacement value is explored using the emergy values of both ecosystem services and natural capital. The total calculated replacement values are 302,160em$/ha.

关键词： Artificial forest ecosystems Emergy evaluation environmental services Natural capital

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Reflections on the Green Economy(Redemption of the Principles of Mill and Pigou):A View of a Brazilian environmentalist

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Journal of environmental Protection 2014年第12期5卷 1153-1168页

作者： Joao Batista Drummond Camara Centro Universitario de Brasília UniCeub/ICPDBrasíliaBrazil

The current context of global efforts in the pursuit of sustainable development can be characterized by the perception of the scientific-technological losses of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their consequences for the survival of humanity in the face of threats of imbalances in the basic conditions for survival such as food production, the environmental quality, natural control of pests and diseases, loses of biodiversity and climate changes. Some recent initiatives at global, regional and local level are pointed and some conceptual trends and deployment strategies advance towards the consolidation of the principles of sustainable development, despite several difficulties for effectively reaching its goals. The trend of gradual changes in the models of developing nations and in the patterns of production and consumption is portrayed objectively, seeking to correlate with principles of environmental economics and green economy, since Cecil Pigou and Stuart Mill principles to recent researches as Kenneth Boulding, Herman Daly, Nicholas Georgescu-Rogen, Franz Capra, Ignacy Sachs, Edgar Morin, beyond others. The ability of the United Nations and governments to intervene in neoliberal logic aiming wider benefit to society and the reduction of the negative effects of market distortions, as striking on the global stage, represents a true redemption of the principles advocated by Cecil Pigou, at the beginning of the last century, both for the global economy and for their effects on environmental and social conflicts, social exclusion resulting from the current economic systems which are not necessary new strategies, principles, or economic formulas, but decision making to tackle the market with seriousness to promote equity, social justice and environmental sustainability, without sacrificing progress and development, as evident in the current discussion of social inclusion and the convergence of individual and collective interests, so far in the development model b

关键词： Principles of environmental Economics Green Economy Sustainable Development Productions and Consumption Patterns environmental services Anthropogenic Footprint

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排污权交易情境下基于微分博弈的环境服务供应链决策

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管理科学 2022年第6期

作者：许民利邹绿芳简惠云

本文研究由排污企业与提供治污服务的第三方企业组成的一对一环境服务供应链，基于排污权交易，分别构建排污企业与第三方的分散与集中决策微分博弈模型，以探讨供应链最优决策及协调机制设计。研究表明：较高的消费者环保意识与较低的... 详细信息

本文研究由排污企业与提供治污服务的第三方企业组成的一对一环境服务供应链，基于排污权交易，分别构建排污企业与第三方的分散与集中决策微分博弈模型，以探讨供应链最优决策及协调机制设计。研究表明：较高的消费者环保意识与较低的治污项目运营成本系数均有利于供应链成员治污形成合力；当排污权价格超过一定阈值时，排污企业委托治污的经济效益可以抵消排污权价格作用下生产削减造成的损失，此衍生的红利驱使排污企业转向积极治污；排污企业与第三方任一方污染损害系数的增大都会使对方受益，而自身利润受损，仅当第三方污染损害系数增大时，排污企业出现“搭便车”行为；激励与收益分配机制协调了供应链，企业各方利润及污染控制效果均实现帕累托改善。

关键词：第三方治理排污权交易微分博弈收益分配机制供应链最优决策环境服务 third party governance emission trading differential game revenue allocation mechanism supply chain optimal strategy environmental services

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