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Country size bias in global health:crosscountry comparison of malaria policy and foreign aid

Global health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 456-467页

作者： Tomas Jezek Masaryk University BrnoCzechia

Background:Foreign aid has been shown to be favourably biased towards small *** study investigated whether country size bias also occurs in national malaria policy and development assistance from international ***:Data from publicly available sources were collected with countries as observational *** exploratory data analysis was based on the conceptual framework with socio-economic,environmental and institutional *** strength of relationships was estimated by the Pearson and polychoric correlation *** correlation matrix was explored by factor ***:Malaria burden is strongly correlated with GDP per capita,total health expenditure per capita,HDI;moderately with latitude,weakly with elevation,urban population share,per capita funding from the Global Fund,PMI USAID,UK government and *** country status is strongly correlated with population size,land area,island status;moderately with development assistance received per capita,weakly with funding per capita from Global Fund,government NMP and PMI *** score 1,a variable derived from our factor analysis and related to malaria endemicity,is significantly strongly correlated with the malaria burden,moderately with HDI,GDP per capita,total health expenditure per capita,PMI USAID funding;weakly with island status,urban population share,latitude,coastal population share,total government expenditure and trade openness,Global Fund funding,World Bank funding,UK government funding,and UNICEF funding per *** score 2,which captures variation not related to malaria endemicity,is significantly weakly related to the ICRG index,PMI USAID funding per capita and small country ***:The results suggest that malaria burden and economic development are bidirectionally *** development can contribute to a reduction in the malaria *** size does not negatively impact malaria burden,but it does account for greater dev

关键词： Endemic diseases environment and public health Global burden of disease Global health health care economics and organizations International agencies Malaria

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The quality of escalator signage for public safety in Malaysia:an observational study

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Global health Journal 2021年第4期5卷 198-203页

作者： Chii-Chii Chew Chee-Tao Chang Xin-Jie Lim Hasni-Adha Ibrahim Hamiazwa Azmi Nur-Ilyana Wahabi Nur-Shuhaida Hamdan Nurul-Atiqah Nazan Nur-Haliana Karim Nurfarahdila-Ahmad Malawi Ying-Ling Oon Norshazila-Julia MS Amar-Singh HSS Clinical Research Center Hospital Raja Permaisuri BainunLevel 4Ambulatory Care CenterJalan Raja Ashman ShahIpohPerak 30450Malaysia Allied health Science College Sultan Azlan Shah Ministry of HealthTanjong RambutanIpohPerak Darul Ridzuan 31250Malaysia Department of Paediatric Hospital Raja Permaisuri BainunMinistry of HealthJalan Raja Ashman ShahIpohPerak 30450Malaysia

Objective:Escalator signage could be playing a vital role to alert users for safe use of *** study aimed to evaluate the availability,standardization,and content of safety information on escalator signage in the shopping ***:An observational study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 to assess the availability,standardization of safety information among the signage inside the shopping mall,and the content of safety information for public safety in Malaysia.A checklist was developed by adapting escalator safety guidelines from seven countries and regions including *** collctors identified from the selected states were required to capture three photographs at different angles of the escalator signage for each ascending and descending directions at each entrance of the *** analysis was performed;each criterion was presented in frequency and ***:A total of 268 escalators from 84 shopping malls in 9 states of Malaysia were *** operating escalators were not equipped with *** than one-ifth(23.0%)of the signage was not standardized within the *** majority of safety information was displayed in the form of a pictogram,a minority of signage displayed information in both pictogram and text format:"children must hold hand"(12.7%)and"be careful of long clothing"(10.8%),***,"toddlers should be carried"(8.6%)and"take extra care with rubber shoes/tied shoes/laces"(30.2%)were found absent in most of the ***:Escalator signage was present in almost all of the escalators ***,non-standardization of the signage of escalators should warrant the attention of relevant authorities to revise the safety guideline s and improve the quality of escalator.

关键词： Elevators and escalators Safety Transportation facilities environment and public health Malaysia

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