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Plastering mud around the entrance hole affects the estimation of threat levels from nest predators in Eurasian Nuthatches

引用

Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 658-663页

作者： Jiangping Yu Li Zhang Guodong Yi Keqin Zhang Jiyuan Yao Jian Fang Chao Shen Haitao Wang Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China School of Life Sciences Jilin Normal UniversitySiping 136000China School of Zoological Science Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology UniversityJilin 132109China College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Background:For cavity-nesting birds,the nest entrance plays an important role in preventing predators from accessing *** species of nuthatches use mud to narrow the entrance of *** theory,the smaller the entrance hole size,the more effective it is against predators;however,few studies have tested whether narrowing the entrance hole size can affect the estimation of threat levels from nest predators in cavity-nesting ***:Using dummy experiments,we tested whether Eurasian Nuthatches(Sitta europaea,narrow the entrance hole of cavities)and Cinereous Tits(Parus cinereus,do not narrow the entrance hole,as a control)perform different nest defence behaviours against Common Chipmunks(Tamias sibiricus,small nest predator)and Red Squirrels(Sciurus vulgaris,larger nest predator).Results:Both nuthatches and tits exhibited stronger response behaviours(high dummy response scores)against chipmunks than against *** with tits,nuthatches exhibited more aggressive behaviours to chipmunks,but their responses to squirrels were ***:Nest defence behaviours of nuthatches to chipmunks differed from tits,and the results suggested that nuthatches might estimate threat levels of nest predators according to their narrowed entrance-hole size.

关键词： Cavity-nesting birds entrance-hole size Eurasian Nuthatches Nest defence behaviour Nest predator

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