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Interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes and Entomophagous Insects

Advances in Entomology 2020年第4期8卷 147-157页

作者： Mohamed Samir Tawfik Abbas Plant Protection Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre Giza Egypt

The objective of this review article is to clarify the different interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes, as bio-control agents, against other bio-control agents (parasitoids and predators) proposed by the researchers. Thus, it gives clear information concerning the potential of combining them as a part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs against insect pests. Some laboratory studies showed that the treatment of predacious insects by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) at different concentrations can infect and kill the treated larva, nymphs and adults of predators. The percentages of mortality were found to be high (up to 100%), moderate (15% - 35%) or low (3% - 7%). Other studies revealed the resistant of treated predators to nematode-infection. Some predators that were offered infected prey avoid feeding on such prey and, in contrast, the soil predators (ants and mites) consumed the offered cadavers as well as the infective juvenile of the nematodes and did not show any detrimental effects. Mostly, parasitoids cannot complete their development inside or on nematode-infected hosts if parasitism occurs before or early after infection. The parasitoid females may avoid laying eggs in the infected hosts or cannot discriminate between healthy and infected hosts. A field study demonstrated that applying EPNs combined with the predator, Labidura riparia

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The Mass Production of entomopathogenic nematodes

The Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

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International Symposium on Mass Production and Commercialization of Arthropod Biological Control Agents

作者： Hui-Peng Tian,Hong-Zhu Liang~*,Xue-Yan Li,Qian Chen,Shao-Hua Ning, Zheng-Rong Hou Beijing Xishan Experimental Forest Farm,Beijing,100093,China

entomopathogenic nematode is an important class of biological insecticides,which demonstrate some unique advantages and good effect on the control of hidden *** on the triangular flask culture of the entomopathogenic nematodes,this research uses a stainless culture box,which is designed and manufactured by ourselves,to carry out solid culturing of nematodes,in order to achieve the mass production of entomopathogenic *** show that the best culturing capacity is 1000g / box,and the best culturing time is 18d. Nematode culture efficiency is 12.5 times higher than the triangular flask,with the nematode infection rates *** this method,not only the culturing amount of nematodes is increased,but also the labor cost is saved,which will help promote the use of entomopathogenic nematodes.

关键词： entomopathogenic nematodes culture vessel solid culture mass production

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Advance of entomopathogenic nematodes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2001年第4期12卷 257-262,277-278页

作者：郝德军高振环庄倩李华黑龙江省森林保护研究所哈尔滨150040 黑龙江省林业勘察设计院哈尔滨150080 黑龙江省森林植物园哈尔滨150040 大兴安岭林业科学研究所加各达齐165000

This paper summarized the history and present condition of studying and utilizing entomopathogenic nematodes at home and abroad, expounded its taxonomy, life cycle and the mechanism with symbiotic bacteria killing host insect. Taxonomy, mycelial form, pathogenic function and anti-bacteria function of symbiotic bacteria were introduced. Production and utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes, the characteristic genetic improvement by use of biological engineering technology, as well as the existing problem and applying foreground were also discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic nematodes Symbiotic bacteria Genetic improvement Biological control

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Susceptibility of Economic Dipteran Fruit Flies to entomopathogenic nematodes

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Journal of Zoological Research 2020年第1期2卷 24-32页

作者： Mohamed Samir Tawfik Abbas Plant Protection Research Institute Agriculture Research CenterDokkiGizaEgypt

The present review article demonstrates laboratory and field evaluations of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)against different developmental stages of fruit *** virulence of the EPNs differed clearly even on the same insect species and/or by the same nematode *** differences might be attributed to some reasons such as the method of treatment as well as the concentrations of the tested *** flies are among the most important insect pests infesting vegetables and fruits causing considerable losses in the yields *** laboratory studies,the tested nematodes proved to be highly virulent to larvae as percentage of mortality may reach 100%.As for treated pupae,at different ages,the results are variable and controversially;some studies revealed their moderate or high susceptibility to nematode infection and others indicated low susceptibility or resistance to *** adults,or those emerged from treated larvae or pupae,are also susceptible to *** semi-field and field trials,EPNs proved to be successful for reducing the populations of some fruit flies with up to 85%at concentrations not less than 100 infective juveniles(IJs)/cm^2 of ***,the field applications of commercial EPNs have been recommended to be 2.5-5 x 10^9 IJs/ha(25-50 IJs/cm^2 of soil).

关键词： entomopathogenic nematodes Infective juveniles Dipteran insects Fruit flies Biological control

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Bemisia tabaci： The current situation in the UK and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa F. Blackburn Dominic P. Eyre Raymond J.C. Cannon Judith Miller Phil Northing The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York UK

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subjected to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia （Euphorbia pulcherrima）. With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernemafeltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci.

关键词： biocontrol entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic fungi insecticide resistance whitefly

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Root symbionts： Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 947-960页

作者： Sergio Rasmann Alison Bennett Arjen Biere Alison Karley Emilio Guerrieri Institute of Biology University of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland Department of Ecological Sciences James Hutton Institute Dundee UK Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal ftmgi, non- mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and below- ground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds （i.e., indirect defenses）. In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these rnultifaceted interactions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi crop protection entomopathogenic nematodes plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Trichoderma

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Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第6期6卷 457-463页

作者： MAHAR Ali Nawaz MUNIR Muhammad ELAWAD Sami GOWEN Simon Richard HAGUE Nigel Graham Meckenzi Department of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKSchool of Plant Sciences University of Reading Reading RG6 6AS UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of Galleria mel- lonella infected with Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the Galleria larvae. Toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. When filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. Similarly, bacterial cells and secretion in broth were more effective at 14% moisture and 25 °C temperature treatments. Maximum insect mortality (100%) was observed when bacterial concentration of 4×106 cells/ml was used. Similarly, maximum bacterial cells in broth (95%) were penetrated into the insect body within 2 h of their application. However, when stored bacterial toxic secretion was applied to the insects its efficacy declined. On the other hand, when the same toxic secretion was dried and then dissolved either in broth or water was proved to be effective. The present study showed that the bacterium, X. nematophila or its toxic secretion can be used as an important component of integrated pest management against Galleria.

关键词： Biological control Bacterial symbionts entomopathogenic nematodes Xenorhabdus nematophila Galleria mellonella

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Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis indica against pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第4期6卷 277-287页

作者： THUBE Shivaji SHINDE Swati SHAH Vivek GOKTE‑NARKHEDKAR Nandini INGOLE Dnyaneshwar NIKOSHE Akash TENGURI Prabhulinga THAVKAR Snehal FAND Babasaheb DESHMUKH Vrushali PRASAD Yenumula Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research NagpurMaharashtra 440010India College of Agriculture NagpurMaharashtra 440001India Dr.Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth DapoliMaharashtra 415712India

Background The emergence of pink bollworm(PBW),Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae),in cotton due to Bt resistance and concealed feeding habit has created a need for alternative,eco-friendly,and cost-effective control *** study aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy and reproductive potential of two native strains of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs),Heterorhabditis indica,namely CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN,against PBW larvae and pupae under in-vitro *** The larval assay revealed that strain CICR-HI-CL exhibited higher potency than strain CICR-HI-MN against 2nd,3rd,and 4thinstar larvae,with median lethal dose(LD50)values of 5.45,4.45,and 4.60 infective juveniles(IJs)per larva,*** case of pupal bioassay,both EPN strains demonstrated greater virulence when applied directly(LD50values:29.65 and 73.88 IJs per pupa for strains CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN,respectively)compared to soil application(147.84 and 272.38 IJs per pupa).Both EPN strains successfully penetrated and reproduced on 4thinstar larvae,resulting in maximum production of 19.28 and 20.85 lakh IJs per larva in the next generation when inoculated at 30 IJs per *** The present study has generated useful information on the virulence and reproductive potential of two strains of EPN ***(CICR-HI-CL and CICR-HI-MN)against PBW,a dreaded pest of *** virulence and reproductive potential of EPN strains demonstrated their ability to multiply,sustain and perpetuate on larval and pupal stages of *** knowledge generated will help formulate effective management strategies for PBW with the inclusion of EPN as a potential biological control *** soil-dwelling life stages viz.,last instar hibernating larvae and pupae of PBW can be the ideal weak links to make a successful use of *** for sustainable management of PBW in the cotton ***,before taking these EPN strains to field for managing PBW,detailed studies investigati

关键词： Bio-efficacy entomopathogenic nematodes Multiplication rate Heterorhabditis indica Pectinophora gossypiella

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Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Suppresses Damage Caused by Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2011年第4期5卷 502-507页

作者： S. V. Leontopoulos S. R. Gowen E. Topalidou I. K. Vagelas F. T. Gravanis Department of Agriculture The University of Reading Reading Berkshire Earley Gate P.O. Box 236 RG6 6A T UK Department of Plant Production Technological Educational Institute of Larissa Larissa Thessaly Ring road of Larissa GR-41110 Greece

Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be included in those which are acceptable to qualify a product as organic or integrated and enjoy all the benefits that entails. Hence, interest in the use of microorganisms as biological agents to protect crop plants against plant parasitic nematodes has been increasing. This study investigated the ability *** oryzihabitans symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi as a bioagent against plant parasitic nematodes which infected tomato crop. The bacterium is particularly effective against root-knot nematode in vitro affecting the behavior and mobility of root-knot nematode juveniles. Also, studies in planta demonstrated the efficacy of P. oryzihabitans by preventing tomato root system by invasion of juveniles of Meloidogynejavaniea when bacterial cells were applied to the root system before nematodes. This efficacy is dependent on bacterial cell concentration used and the time of the nematode exposure. However, a better nematode control might be achieved with multiple applications of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence that the bacterium P. oryzihabitans produces metabolites, which have nematostatic effects.

关键词： Biocontrol Pseudomonas oryzihabitans entomopathogenic nematodes Root-knot nematodes.

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