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Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 251-267页

作者： Paola López-Colom Lorena Castillejos Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento Mónica Puyalto Juan JoséMallo Susana María Martín-Orúe Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service Animal and Food Science DepartmentFacultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Norel S.A MadridSpain.

Background:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties,such as medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as in-feed additives.This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts(DIC)from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning.Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets,consisting of two oral challenges:Salmonella Typhimurium(1.2×10~8 CFU)or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(1.5×10~9 CFU).The parameters assessed were:animal performance,clinical signs,pathogen excretion,intestinal fermentation,immune-inflammatory response,and intestinal morphology.Results:The Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea,with most of the parameters responding to the challenge,whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course.A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut,with reductions in Salmonella spp.plate counts in the cecum(P=0.03)on d 8 post-inoculation(PI)(Salmonella trial),and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon(P<0.10)on d 8 PI(ETEC F4 trial).When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota(16 S rRNA gene sequencing),this additive tended(P=0.13)to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge.In the ETEC F4 challenge,DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister,and a trend(P=0.14)to increase the Veillonellaceae family.Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation,nor were the histological parameters.Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte(IEL)counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella(P=0.07).With ETEC F4,the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI(P=0.08).Conclusions:This study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salt

关键词： enteric pathogen Gut microbiota Intestinal immunity Medium-chain fatty acids Weaning pig

Preparation and evaluation of duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated pellets with different enteric polymers

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第3期12卷 216-226页

作者： Chen Kuang Yinghua Sun Bing Li Rui Fan Jing Zhang Yumin Yao Zhonggui He Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

The main purpose of the present study was to prepare duloxetine hydrochloride(DXH) entericcoated pellets using different enteric polymers. Three layers(drug-loaded layer, barrier layer,and enteric-coated layer) were applied to the inert core pellets, successively. The optimal formulation was manufactured by employing suspension layering method in fluidized bed processor(FBP) with varieties of enteric polymers like Aqoat? AS-LF, Eudragit? L30D55 and HPMCP-HP55. The prepared pellets were measured for physical characterization and the in vitro dissolution profile. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was conducted to observe the morphology of pellets, and different kinetic models were applied to analyze the release mechanism of Cymbalta? and home-made pellets. The coating weight gain of enteric-coated layer containing Eudragit? L30D55, Aqoat? AS-LF and HP-55 were determined to be 35%, 26% and 24%, respectively. The similarity factors(f2) of self-made capsules with above polymers and commercially available capsules(Cymbalta?) were above 50 in the dissolution medium of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution(PBS). SEM figures showed the smooth surfaces of selfprepared pellets using Eudragit? L30D55 and Aqoat? AS-LF, whereas rough surface was found in the HP-55 pellets at day 0, and an impurity was appearing in the condition of 40 ℃/75% relative humidity for 1 month. In conclusion, the pellets prepared by utilizing Eudragit? L30D55 and Aqoat?AS-LF were the optimal preparations based on the dissolution profile and stability.

关键词： Duloxetine hydrochloride enteric polymers Preparation Dissolution profile Stability

Pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with portal venous and enteric drainage in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第6期6卷 914-916页

作者： Gu YP Gu JY Li JS Nanjing Univ Nanjing Gen Hosp Sch Med Transplantat Ctr Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu Provinc Peoples R China

INTRODUCTIONThe use of combined pancreatic and renaltransplantation in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal failure has gained widespreadrecognition as an acceptable treatment option.Theprevailing method used for transplantation of thepancreas involves anastomosis of the graft’s portalvein and the rccipient’s iliac vein to provide

关键词： pancreaticoduodenal transplantation kidney transplantation portal venous drainage enteric drainage postoperative complications rats

Human enteric viruses–potential indicators for enhanced monitoring of recreational water quality

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第5期30卷 344-353页

作者： Erin Allmann Updyke Zi Wang Si Sun Christina Connell Marek Kirs Mayee Wong Yuanan Lu Department of Public Health Sciences University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Water Resources Research Center University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

Recreational waters contaminated with human fecal pollution are a public health concern, and ensuring the safety of recreational waters for public use is a priority of both the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). Current recreational water standards rely on fecal indicator bacteria(FIB) levels as indicators of human disease risk. However present evidence indicates that levels of FIB do not always correspond to the presence of other potentially harmful organisms, such as viruses. Thus, enteric viruses are currently tested as water quality indicators, but have yet to be successfully implemented in routine monitoring of water quality. This study utilized enteric viruses as possible alternative indicators of water quality to examine 18 different fresh and offshore recreational waters on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, by using newly established laboratory techniques including highly optimized PCR, real time PCR, and viral infectivity assays. All sample sites were detected positive for human enteric viruses by PCR including enterovirus, norovirus genogroups I and II, and male specific FRNA coliphage. A six time-point seasonal study of enteric virus presence indicated significant variation in virus detection between the rainy and dry seasons. Quantitative PCR detected the presence of norovirus genogroup II at levels at which disease risk may occur, and there was no correlation found between enteric virus presence and FIB counts. Under the present laboratory conditions, no infectious viruses were detected from the samples PCR-positive for enteric viruses. These data emphasize both the need for additional indicators for improved monitoring of water quality, and the feasibility of using enteric viruses as these indicators.

关键词： human enteric virus indicator recreational water q

Adhesion and cellsurface properties of wild species of spore formers against enteric pathogens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 110-114页

作者： Anu P Sebastian Keerthi T.R Microbial Biotechnology Lab School of BiosciencesMahatma Gandhi UniversityKottayam-686560India

Objective:To investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties against enteric pathogens Salmonella typhi.Salmonella para typhi A and Vibrio cholera.Methods:Adhesion potentials of spore and vegetative phase were studied separately for the isolates.Hydrophobic nature was measured on the basis of affinity towards the xylene.Autoaggregalion and coaggregation were studied on the basis of clumping of cells.In vitro adhesion studies were done on mucous which were prepared from infant child faeces.Biofilm production of superior adhesive isolate was confirmed by SEM analysis.Results:Spore and vegetative phases of isolates possessed a different rate of adhesion potentials on intestinal mucous,which indicated that cell surface properties were involved in adhesion process.Spores showed a higher hydrophobicity than their vegetative cells which remained less or non hydrophobic.Vegetative phases showed capabilities for autoaggregation and coaggregation.Spores were found to be more adhesive on intestinal mucous than vegetative phase.Among enteric pathogens Vibrio cholera registered higher adhesion potentials with supporting cell surface properties.Among the five sporeforming isolates,isolate BM-3 possess superior adhesion than enteric pathogens and also exhibited biofilm formation which enhances colonization potential.Conclusions:Spore and vegetative cell phases shows differences in adhesion potentials.Cell surface properties and adhesion studies reveals that isolate BM-3 can be selected as superior isolate which is capable for biofilm production.In short,isolate BM-3 possesses an enhanced adhesion potential than enteric pathogens towards intestinal mucous which is a desirable probiotic character.

关键词： Spore formers Adhesion Aggregation enteric pathogens

In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Vitex negundo leaf extract against diverse multidrug resistant enteric bacterial pathogens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 133-140页

作者： Muhammad Kamruzzaman S.M.Nayeemul Bari Shah M.Faruque Molecular Genetics Laboratory International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchBangladeshDhaka-1212Bangladesh

Objective:To investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial potentials of Vitex negundo(V. negundo) leaf extracts against diverse enteric pathogens.Methods:Water and methanol extracts of V.negundo leaves were evaluated against enteric bacterial pathogens by using standard disc diffusion,viable bacterial cell count methods,determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC).Results:Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent antibacterial activity(inhibition zone:9.9- 22.6 mm,MIC: 200-3 200μg/mL,MBC:200-6 400μg/mL) against all the pathogenic enleric bacteria(Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vibrio mimicus,Echerichia coli.Shigella spps.,and Aeromonas spps) tested.Methanol extract of V.negundo leaves showed potent bactericidal activity both in vitro laboratory conditions(MBC,200-400μg/mL) and in the intestinal environment(Dose,1-2 mg/mL) of infant mice against pathogenic Vibrio cholerae,the major causative agent of cholera. Furthermore,assays using the mice cholera model showed that V.negundo methanol extract can protect mice from Vibrio cholerae infection and significantly decrease the mortality rate(P<0.0001).Conclusioas:For the first time we showed that methanol extract of V.negundo leaves exhibited strong vibriocidal activity both in vitro and in vivo conditions.Therefore,it will be useful to identify and isolate the active compounds of this extract that could be a good alternative of antibiotics to treat cholera.

关键词： Bactericidal activity Vitex negundo enteric pathogenic bacteria

Protective role of berberine on ulcerative colitis through modulating enteric glial cells-intestinal epithelial cells-immune cells interactions

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第3期10卷 447-461页

作者： Heng Li Chen Fan Huimin Lu Chunlan Feng Peilan He Xiaoqian Yang Caigui Xiang Jianping Zuo Wei Tang Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Laboratory of Immunology and Virology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Ulcerative colitis(UC)manifests as an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease.The enteric nervous system(ENS)plays a pivotal role in rectifying and orchestrating the inflammatory responses in gut tract.Berberine,an isoquinoline alkaloid,is known as its antiinflammatory and therapeutic effects in experimental colitis.However,little research focused on its regulatory function on ENS.Therefore,we set out to explore the pathological role of neurogenic inflammation in UC and the modulating effects of berberine on neuro-immune interactions.Functional defects of enteric glial cells(EGCs),with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and increased substance P expression,were observed in DSS-induced murine UC.Administration of berberine can obviously ameliorate the disease severity and restore the mucosal barrier homeostasis of UC,closely accompanying by maintaining the residence of EGCs and attenuating inflammatory infiltrations and immune cells overactivation.In vitro,berberine showed direct protective effects on monoculture of EGCs,bone marrowderived dendritic cells(BMDCs),T cells,and intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)in the simulated inflammatory conditions.Furthermore,berberine could modulate gut EGCs-IECs-immune cell interactions in the co-culture systems.In summary,our study indicated the EGCs-IECs-immune cell interactions might function as a crucial paradigm in mucosal inflammation and provided an infusive mechanism of berberine in regulating enteric neurogenic inflammation.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Berberine Mucosal inflammation enteric glial cells enteric nervous system

Ex vivo effect of vascular wall stromal cells secretome on enteric ganglia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4892-4903页

作者： Giovanni Dothel Chiara Bernardini Augusta Zannoni Maria Rosaria Spirito Roberta Salaroli Maria Laura Bacci Monica Forni Fabrizio De Ponti Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40126Italy Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40064Italy

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell(MSC)-based therapy is currently under study to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.MSC bioactive products could represent a valid alternative to overcome issues associated with systemic whole-cell therapies.However,MSC anti-inflammatory mechanisms differ between rodents and humans,impairing the reliability of preclinical models.AIM To evaluate the effect of conditioned medium(CM)derived from porcine vascular wall MSCs(pVW-MSCs)on survival and differentiation of porcine and guinea pig enteric ganglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS Primary cultures of enteric ganglia were obtained by mechanic and enzymatic digestion of ileum resections from guinea pigs(Cavia porcellus)(GPEG)and pigs(Suus scrofa)(PEG).pVW-MSCs were derived by enzymatic digestion from vascular wall resections of porcine aorta and tested by immunoflowcytometry for MSC immune profile.enteric ganglia were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS,CM derived by pVW-MSCs or a combination of CM and LPS 1μg/mL.Cell count and morphometric analysis of HuD positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive glial cells were performed by immunofluorecent staining of cultured ganglia.RESULTS PEG showed a higher number of neurons compared to GPEG.Overall,CM exerted a protective role on LPS-treated enteric ganglia.CM in combination with LPS increased the number of glial cells per ganglion in both cultures evoking glial cells differentiation in porcine cultures.CONCLUSION These findings suggest an immunomodulating activity of pVW-MSCs mediators on the enteric nervous system in inflammatory conditions.

关键词： enteric nervous system Mesenchymal stromal cells Inflammatory bowel disease Ganglia Translational models

Two kinds of ketoprofen enteric gel beads(CA and CS-SA) using biopolymer alginate

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第2期13卷 120-130页

作者： Bingchao Cheng Dongyang Li Qiye Huo Qianqian Zhao Qi Lan Mengsuo Cui Weisan Pan Xinggang Yang Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenyang Pharmaceutical University State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process

To obtain expected rapid-release and sustained-release of ketoprofen gel beads, this paper adopted biopolymer alginate to prepare alginate beads and chitosan-alginate gel beads. Formulation factors were investigated and optimized by the single factor test. The release of ketoprofen from calcium alginate gel beads in pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid solution was less than 10% during 2 h, then in pH6.8 was about 95% during 45 min, which met the requirements of rapid-release preparations. However, the drug release of chitosan-alginate gel beads in pH1.0 was less than 5% during 2 h, then in pH6.8 was about 50% during 6 h and reached more than 95% during 12 h, which had a good sustained-release behavior. In addition, the release kinetics of keteprofen from the calcium alginate gel beads fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model and followed a case-II transport mechanism. However, the release of keteprofen from the chitosan-alginate gel beads exhibited a non-Fickian mechanism and based on the mixed mechanisms of diffusion and polymer relaxation from chitosanalginate beads. In a word, alginate gel beads of ketoprofen were instant analgesic, while chitosan-alginate gel beads could control the release of ketoprofen during gastrointestinal tract and prolong the drug's action time.

关键词： Gel beads enteric rapid-release enteric sustained-release Ketoprofen