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enhancers and hindrances to doctor-nurse interdisciplinary collaborative practice in Nigeria

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Open Journal of Nursing 2013年第2期3卷 169-177页

作者： Ijeoma L. Okoronkwo John E. Anieche Anthonia U. Chinweuba Afam C. Ndu Department of Nursing Sciences University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that enhance and hinder interdisciplinary collaborative practice (ICP) among doctors and nurses at the Nnamdi Azikiwe teaching hospital, Nnewi, southeast Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey and the quantitative method of data collection was employed. The population was all doctors irrespective of area of specialty and all nurses employed and working in the hospital as at the time of study. Proportionate stratified and convenience sampling methods were used to select study participants according to their categories. Using validated structured questionnaire, data were collected from 110 doctors and 95 nurses in the teaching hospital on their perception on ICP and factors that enhance/hinder ICP. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and graphic presentation were used for descriptive analysis of scores while the unpaired t test of mean score using Graph Pad Prism, Version 5.30 was used to determine the influence of profession, gender, and years of experience on perception of ICP at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that both doctors and nurses have positive perception on ICP. Their years of experience have significant influence on their perception. Clear individual roles and good working relationships enhance ICP while giving priority to professional status rather than expertise was seen as a prominent hindrance to ICP. The study recommends collaborative continuing education for doctors and nurses to enhance ICP in patient care. In addition, the inclusion of interdisciplinary collaborative practice programmme into the curriculum of medical and nursing students (where it does not exist) would go a long way to strengthen ICP and decrease hindrances when they graduate.

关键词： enhancers Hindrances Doctor-Nurse Interdisciplinary Collaborative Practice Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

Enhancer RNAs: A missing regulatory layer in gene transcription

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 905-912页

作者： Renfang Mao Yuanyuan Wu Yue Ming Yuanpei Xu Shouyan Wang Xia Chen Xiaoying Wang Yihui Fan Department of Pathophysiology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226019China Basic Medical Research Center School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226019China Department of Immunology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226019China

enhancers and super-enhancers exert indispensable roles in maintaining cell identity through spatiotemporally regulating gene ***,active enhancers and super-enhancers also produce transcripts termed enhancer RNAs(eRNAs) from their DNA *** enhancers have been identified for more than 30 years,widespread transcription from enhancers are just discovered by genome-wide sequencing and considered as the key to understand longstanding questions in gene ***-transcribed enhancers are marked by histone modifications such as H3K4m1/2 and H3K27Ac,and enriched with transcription regulatory factors such as LDTFs,P300,CBP,BRD4 and *** regulatory factors might constitute a Mega-Trans-like complex to potently activate *** to mRNAs,eRNAs are quite unstable and play roles at ***,it has been shown that e RNAs promote formation of enhancer-promoter *** studies also demonstrated that eRNAs help the binding of RNA polymerase II(RNAPII) or transition of paused RNAPII by de-association of the negative elongation factor(NELF) ***,these proposed mechanisms are not universally accepted and still under ***,we comprehensively summarize the reported findings and make perspectives for future *** also believe that super-enhancer derived RNAs(seRNAs) might be informative to understand the nature of super-enhancers.

关键词： enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) enhancers super-enhancers super-enhancer RNAs (seRNAs) gene transcription

Absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahonia bealei in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion assay

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2014年第7期12卷 554-560页

作者： SUN Yu-He HE Xin YANG Xiao-Lin DONG Cui-Lan ZHANG Chun-Feng SONG Zi-Jing LU Ming-Xing YANG Zhong-Lin LI Ping State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University School of pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research Jinan University The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City

AIM: To investigate the absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahoniae Caulis(TAMC) through the administration of monterpene absorption enhancers or protein inhibitors. METHOD: The absorption behavior was investigated in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion(SPIP) assay in rats. RESULTS: The intestinal absorption of TAMC was much more than that of a single compound or a mixture of compounds(jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine). Promotion of absorption by the bicyclic monoterpenoids(borneol or camphor) was higher than by the monocyclic monoterpenes(menthol or menthone), and promotion by compounds with a hydroxyl group(borneol or menthol) was higher than those with a carbonyl group(camphor or menthone). The apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) of TAMC was increased to 1.8-fold by verapamil, while it was reduced to one half by thiamine. The absorption rate constant(Ka) and Papp of TAMC were unchanged by probenecid and pantoprazole. CONCLUSION: The intestinal absorption characteristics of TAMC might be passive transport, and the intestinum tenue was the best absorptive site. In addition, TAMC might be likely a substrate of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) and organic cation transporters(OCT), rather than multidrug resistance protein(MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP). Compared with a single compound and a mixture of compounds, TAMC was able to be absorbed in the blood circulation effectively.

关键词： Mahoniae Caulis Total alkaloids In situ single-pass intestinal perfusion Absorption enhancers Protein inhibitors

Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第6期6卷 449-456页

作者： Ashim Gupta Nitin Kukkar Kevin Sharif Benjamin J Main Christine E Albers Saadiq F El-Amin Ⅲ Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Institute for Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Department of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences

Bone graft substitutes are widely used in the field of orthopedics and are extensively used to promote vertebral fusion. Fusion is the most common technique in spine surgery and is used to treat morbidities and relieve discomfort. Allograft and autograft bone substitutes are currently the most commonly used bone grafts to promote fusion. These approaches pose limitations and present complications to the patient. Numerous alternative bone graft substitutes are on the market or have been developed and proposed for application. These options have attempted to promote spine fusion by enhancing osteogenic properties. In this review, we reviewed biology of spine fusion and the current advances in biomedical materials and biological strategies for application in surgical spine fusion. Our findings illustrate that, while many bone graft substitutes perform well as bone graft extenders, only osteoinductive proteins(recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osteogenic protein-1) provide evidence for use as both bone enhancers and bone substitutes for specific types of spinal fusion. Tissue engineered hydrogels, synthetic polymer composites and viral based gene therapy also holds the potential to be used for spine fusion in future, though warrants further investigation to be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Bone enhancers Bone graft substitutes Spine fusion Autograft Allograft

The Evaluation of Vancomycin Microspheres on Intracellular <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and the Effect of Bacteria on Eukaryotic Cell Wall Permeability

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第4期4卷 385-391页

作者： Henry Nettey Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington Martin J. D’Souza Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mercer University Atlanta USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Sepsis is a host’s response to an intravascular infection;however, in most patients the disease recurs after a seemingly effective treatment. The reappearance of bacteria in the systemic circulation has been attributed to their ability to enter and hide within host endothelial cells. This study shows that internalized S. aureus is released into circulation by a possible mechanism of exocytosis through actin polymerization. Bacterial cell wall components (permeation enhancers) were significantly more effective in altering endothelial cell monolayer integrity than controls. Vancomycin has been determined to be effective in the treatment of S. aureus infections;however, the microencapsulated formulation of vancomycin was significantly more effective in reducing plasma and intra-tissue S. aureus than the conventional solution formulation. Microencapsulation of vancomycin, using albumin as a matrix, did not alter the bioactivity of the drug.

关键词： Microencapsulation Endothelial Cells Permeation enhancers Albumin