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Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 62-72页

作者： Jean Noblet Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Shu-Biao Wu Pairat Srichana Pierre Cozannet Pierre-Andre Geraert Mingan Choct INRAE Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Adisseo France S.A.S.

Different energy systems have been proposed for energy evaluation of feeds for domestic animals. The oldest and most commonly used systems take into account the fecal energy loss to obtain digestible energy(DE), and fecal, urinary and fermentation gases energy losses to calculate metabolizable energy(ME). In the case of ruminants and pigs, the net energy(NE) system, which takes into account the heat increment associated with the metabolic utilization of ME, has progressively replaced the DE and ME systems over the last 50 years. For poultry, apparent ME(AME) is used exclusively and NE is not yet used widely. The present paper considers some important methodological points for measuring NE in poultry feeds and summarizes the available knowledge on NE systems for poultry. NE prediction equations based on a common analysis of three recent studies representing a total of 50 complete and balanced diets fed to broilers are proposed; these equations including the AME content and easily available chemical indicators have been validated on another set of 30 diets. The equations are applicable to both ingredients and complete diets. They rely primarily on an accurate and reliable AME value which then represents the first limiting predictor of NE value. Our analysis indicates that NE would be a better predictor of broiler performance than AME and that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system with a higher energy value for fat and a lower energy value for protein in an NE system. Practical considerations for implementing such an NE system from the commonly used AME or AMEn(AME adjusted for zero nitrogen balance) systems are presented. In conclusion, there is sufficient information to allow the implementation of the NE concept in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation in poultry.

关键词： Poultry Feed evaluation Net energy energy system

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ASSESSING HISTORICAL RELIABILITY OF THE AGENT-BASED MODEL OF THE GLOBAL energy system

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Journal of systems Science and systems Engineering 2016年第3期25卷 326-350页

作者： Anna Shchiptsova Jiangjiang Zhao Arnulf Grubler Arkady Kryazhimski Tieju Ma International Institute for Applied systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven USA Steklov Mathematical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

This study looks at the historical reliability of the agent-based model of the global energy system. We present a mathematical framework for the agent-based model calibration and sensitivity analysis based on historical observations. Simulation consistency with the historical record is measured as a distance between two vectors of data points and inference on parameter values is done from the probability distribution of this stochastic estimate. Proposed methodology is applied to the model of the global energy system. Some model properties and limitations followed from calibration results are discussed.

关键词： Agent-based modeling calibration energy system

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Demand Responsive Market Decision-Makings and Electricity Pricing Scheme Design in Low-Carbon energy system Environment

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energy Engineering 2021年第2期118卷 285-301页

作者： Hongming Yang Qian Yu Xiao Huang Ben Niu Min Qi School of Economics and Management School of Electrical and Information EngineeringHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Electric Transportation and Smart Distribution NetworkInternational Joint Laboratory of Energy Internet Operation and Planning Based on Distributed Photovoltaic-Storage Energy of Ministry of EducationChangsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company State Grid JiBei Electric Power Company LimitedZhangjiakou075000China Zigong Power Supply Company State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company LimitedZigong643002China

The two-way interaction between smart grid and customers will continuously play an important role in enhan-cing the overall efficiency of the green and low-carbon electric power industry and properly accommodating intermittent renewable energy *** far,the existing electricity pricing mechanisms hardly match the technical properties of smart grid;neither can they facilitate increasing end users participating in the electri-city *** this paper,several relevant models and novel methods are proposed for pricing scheme design as well as to achieve optimal decision-makings for market participants,in which the mechanisms behind are com-patible with demand response operation of end users in the smart *** electric vehicles and prosumers are jointly considered by complying with the technical constraints and intrinsic economic *** on the demand response of controllable loads,the real-time pricing,rewarding pricing and insurance pricing methods are proposed for the retailers and their bidding decisions for the wholesale market are also presented to increase the penetration level of renewable *** proposed demand response oriented electricity pricing scheme can provide some useful operational references on the cooperative operation of controllable loads and renewable energy through the feasible retail and wholesale market pricing methods,and thereby enhancing the development of the low-carbon energy system.

关键词： Controllable load demand response low-carbon energy system optimal decision retail pricing renewable energy smart grid wholesale pricing

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Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 241-250页

作者： Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Manoosak Wongphatcharachai Pairat Srichana Pierre-André Geraert Jean Noblet Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) Adisseo France S.A.S. INRAE

Net energy(NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy(AME) in ***, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients(wheat, corn, paddy rice,broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions(on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch;20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age(4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week(1per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets(reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME(15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE(79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%,respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE =(0.815 × AME)—(0.026 × CP) +(0.020 × EE)—(0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction

关键词： Net energy Broiler Poultry Feed evaluation energy system

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Probabilistic graphical models in energy systems:A review

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Building Simulation 2022年第5期15卷 699-728页

作者： Tingting Li Yang Zhao Ke Yan Kai Zhou Chaobo Zhang Xuejun Zhang Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of Singapore4 Architecture DriveSingapore Zhejiang energy Gas Group Co. LtdHangzhouChina

Probabilistic graphical models(PGMs)can effectively deal with the problems of energy consumption and occupancy prediction,fault detection and diagnosis,reliability analysis,and optimization in energy *** with the black-box models,PGMs show advantages in model interpretability,scalability and *** have great potential to realize the true artificial intelligence in energy systems of the next *** paper intends to provide a comprehensive review of the PGM-based approaches published in the last *** reveals the advantages,limitations and potential future research directions of the PGM-based approaches for energy *** types of PGMs are summarized in this review,including static models(SPGMs)and dynamic models(DPGMs).SPGMs can conduct probabilistic inference based on incomplete,uncertain or even conflicting ***-based approaches are proposed to deal with various management tasks in energy *** show outstanding performance in fault detection and diagnosis of energy *** can represent a dynamic and stochastic process by describing how its state changes with ***-based approaches have high accuracy in predicting the energy consumption,occupancy and failures of energy *** the future,a unified framework is suggested to fuse the knowledge-driven and data-driven PGMs for achieving better *** PGM-based approaches are needed that can be adapted to various energy *** algorithms would outperform the basic PGMs by integrating advanced techniques such as deep learning and first-order logic.

关键词： probabilistic graphical model energy system Bayesian network-dynamic Bayesian network Markov chain hidden Markov model

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The Low-Carbon Transition of energy systems:A Bibliometric Review from an Engineering Management Perspective

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 147-158页

作者： Peng Zhou Yue Lv Wen Wen School of Economics and Management China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

As a major solution to climate change,the low-carbon transition of energy systems has received growing attention in the past *** paper presents a bibliometric review of the literature on the low-carbon transition of energy systems from an engineering management ***,the definition and boundaries of the energy system transition are clarified,covering transformation of the energy structure,decarbonization of fossil fuel utilization,and improvement in energy ***,a systematic search of the related literature and a bibliometric analysis are conducted to reveal the research *** is found that the number of related publications has been growing exponentially during the past decade,with researchers from China,the United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,and the Netherlands comprising the majority of *** studies with interdisciplinary characteristics appear in journals focusing on energy engineering,environmental science,and social science related to energy *** major research themes are identified by clustering the existing literature:(1)low-carbon transition pathways with different spatiotemporal scales and transition constraints;(2)low-carbon technology diffusion with a focus on renewable energy technologies,pollution control technologies,and other technologies facilitating the energy transition;(3)infrastructure network planning for energy systems covering various sectors and regions;and(4)transition-driving mechanisms from the political,economic,social,and natural *** four topics play distinct but mutually supportive roles in facilitating the low-carbon transition of energy systems,and require more in-depth research on designing resilient low-carbon transition pathways with coordinated goals,promoting low-carbon technologies with cost-effective and reliable infrastructure network deployment,and balancing multi-level risks in various ***,business models,nongovernment actors,energy justi

关键词： Low-carbon transition energy system Bibliometric review systematic review

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From Independence to Interconnection--A Review of AI Technology Applied in energy systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy systems 2019年第1期5卷 21-34页

作者： Qiuye Sun Lingxiao Yang State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Processes Industries and also with the College of Information Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The development of diversified energy structures,distributed energy scheduling models and active participation ability of users,leads to a rapid movement toward energy system in which different energy carriers and systems interact together in a synergistic *** energy development will face many challenges with the requirements of big data processing capability,professional skill,distributed collaboration and realtime monitoring for the energy system that demands an intelligent and flexible tool to realize the smart *** intelligence(AI)technology has become a focus because of its better *** paper proposed a classification method that incorporates the intelligence of an independent energy unit(IEU)and the intelligence among interconnected energy units(IEUS)to review the development of AI technology in energy *** dominant structures of IEU can be considered from three aspects including perception,decision and implementation to study the optimal strategy for AI methods utilized in *** considering the interaction relationship of IEUS,the AI applied for it can be described by the coordinated relationship and adversarial relationship problems to achieve *** discussing the AI technologies and the potentials of AI in the energy system,some suggestions are presented to improve intelligent technologies for sustainable energy systems in the future.

关键词： Artificial intelligence energy system independent energy unit interconnected energy units smart energy

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Cost-effective and emission-cutting water heating system based on a novel bi-level expanded P-graph configuration optimization method

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第8期16卷 1519-1537页

作者： Haosheng Lin Wei Wu School of energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Chengdu Research Institute City University of Hong KongChengduChina

Domestic hot water(DHW)systems contribute significantly to the building sector’s energy consumption and carbon emissions,making innovative optimization methods crucial for enhancing DHW energy *** DHW system optimizations focus on design parameters and operation modes,but their applicability is limited to specific systems and configurations,overlooking more efficient *** overcome this problem,combining visualized graphic and algebraic techniques,this study introduces a novel bi-level expanded Process Graph optimization method(BEPGOM)to optimize a DHW system with diverse *** effectively identifies nontrivial configurations,substantially improving economic and environmental benefits,and enhances solvability with a 98%reduction in solution *** optimal configuration,consisting of solar heating,PCM tank,and natural gas water heater,reduces the expenditures by 18%and equivalent CO_(2) emission by 34%compared to the existing base case,greatly exceeding the traditional optimization *** adaptability,efficiency,and accessibility make BEPGOM a valuable tool in advancing energy system design and promoting carbon neutrality in the building sector.

关键词： energy system configuration optimization P-graph domestic hot water thermal storage

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Electronictization-A Foundation for Grid Modernization

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2015年第1期1卷 1-8页

作者： Don Tan IEEE Power Electronics Society New JerseyUSA

Smart grid is the flag under which the US DoE has been mobilizing efforts to modernize the *** is the first step towards a smart modern *** is a process that transforms the grid from electrical and electromechanical(EE)to electronic,electrical and electromechanical(EEE),laying down the very basic foundation for the modern *** things grid connected(ATGC)has five groups of essential hardware:1)Grid interface(smart)inverters;2)Hardware for flexible AC transmissions;3)Intelligent electronic power transformers(grid scale);4)Solid-state circuit breaker,current limiters,smart fuses and sensors;and 5)Multi-port bidirectional power&control *** and deployment of ATGC will be a grassroots drive to transform the grid from an old passive technology to a new active technology based on electronic power transmission,distribution,processing and *** modernization represents a win-win-win situation for the environment(Government),consumers,and grid owners/operators.

关键词： Grid modernization electronictization fractal grid structure energy system resiliency fault management fault isolation renewable energy integration all things grid connected

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energy Optimization of Iron and Steel Enterprises

Energy Optimization of Iron and Steel Enterprises

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“第十届中国钢铁年会”暨“第六届宝钢学术年会”

作者： Lin Yu Li Bing Niu Honghai Chen Jun Research Department of Nari-Relays Electric Co. Ltd.

The cooperated optimization model of energy in iron and steel enterprises is built based on the research of coupling relationship of gas,steam and *** by using the hierarchical decomposition method,the model is broken down into two parts:optimization of gas system and optimization of thermal and power *** case analysis indicates that:the model can dispatch the energy of gas,steam and power reasonably,safely and efficiently when the production condition is changed,and improve the energy utilization efficiency.

关键词： iron and steel enterprises energy system cooperated optimization energy-saving

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