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Assessing the energy release characteristics during the middle detonation reaction stage of aluminized explosives

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 270-277页

作者： Kun Yang Lang Chen Danyang Liu Bin Zhang Jianying Lu Junying Wu State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Afterburning behind the detonation front of an aluminized explosive releases energy on the millisecond timescale,which prolong the release of detonation energy and the energy release at different stages also shows significant ***,at present,there are few effective methods for evaluating the energy release characteristics of the middle reaction stage of such explosives,which can have a duration of tens to hundreds of *** present work demonstrates an approach to assessing the midstage of an aluminized explosive detonation based on a water push test employing a high degree of *** this method,the explosive is contained in a steel cylinder having one end closed that is installed at the bottom of a transparent water *** detonation,the gaseous products expand in one direction while forcing water ahead of *** resulting underwater shock wave and the interface between the gas phase products and the water are tracked using an ultra-high-speed framing and streak *** shock wave velocity in water and the expansion work performed by the gaseous detonation products were calculated to assess the energy release characteristics of aluminized explosives such as CL-20 and RDX in the middle stage of the detonation *** the middle stage of the detonation process of these aluminized explosives,the aluminum reaction reduced the attenuation of shock waves and increased the work performed by gas phase products.A higher aluminum content increased the energy output while the presence of oxidants slowed the energy release *** work demonstrates an effective means of evaluating the performance of aluminized explosives.

关键词： Aluminized explosive Non-ideal detonation Water push test energy release

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Numerical Simulation of Deflagration to Detonation Transition in a StraightDuct: Effects of energy release and Detonation Stability

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2014年第6期6卷 718-731页

作者： Hua-Shu Dou Zongmin Hu Boo Cheong Khoo Zonglin Jiang Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore

Numerical simulation based on the Euler equation and one-step reaction model is carried out to investigate the process of deflagration to detonation transition(DDT)occurring in a straight *** numerical method used includes a high resolution fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme for spatial discretization,coupled with a third order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta time stepping *** particular,effect of energy release on the DDT process is *** model parameters used are the heat release at q=50,30,25,20,15,10 and 5,the specific heat ratio at 1.2,and the activation temperature at Ti=15,*** all the cases,the initial energy in the spark is about the same compared to the detonation energy at the Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)*** is found from the simulation that the DDT occurrence strongly depends on the magnitude of the energy *** run-up distance of DDT occurrence decreases with the increase of the energy release for q=5020,and increases with the increase of the energy release for q=20*** phenomenon is found to be in agreement with the analysis of mathematical stability *** is suggested that the factors to strengthen the DDT would make the detonation more stable,and vice ***,it is concluded from the simulations that the interaction of the shock wave and the flame front is the main reason for leading to DDT.

关键词： Numerical simulation detonation DDT energy release duct

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Studies of the energy release of Mitochondria from Sporophyte Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 1999年第4期4卷 498-502页

作者： ZHOU Pei jiang, LING Xing yuan, ZHOU Han tao,ZHANG Duang yang, ZHU Ying guo College of Life Seiences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China QU Song sheng College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 , China

The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC)curves of the mitochondria isolated from two varieties of sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile and their fertile lines of Yie Bai and Ma Xie type rice have been determined. The curves show that the energy is released continuously as temperature rise to 70℃. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the energy release of the mitochondria have been obtained. The presented results showed that the mitochondria from cytoplasmic male sterile rice released more heat and they had higher energy barrier, less rate, and more complicated mechanism than that of their fertile lines in the energy release process.

关键词： rice mitochondria energy release thermodynamics thermokinetics differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS)

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energy release process of surrounding rocks of deep tunnels with two excavation methods

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2012年第2期4卷 160-167页

作者： Peng Yan Wenbo Lu Ming Chen Zhigang Shan Xiangrong Chen Yong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Eneineering of Ministry of Education Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China HydroChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Hangzhou310014China

Numerical analysis of the total energy release of surrounding rocks excavated by drill-and-blast （D＆B） method and tunnel boring machine （TBM） method is presented in the paper. The stability of deep tunnels during excavation in terms of energy release is also discussed. The simulation results reveal that energy release during blasting excavation is a dynamic process. An intense dynamic effect is captured at large excavation footage. The magnitude of energy release during full-face excavation with D＆B method is higher than that with TBM method under the same conditions. The energy release rate （ERR） and speed （ERS） also have similar trends. Therefore, the rockbursts in tunnels excavated by D＆B method are frequently encountered and more intensive than those by TBM method. Since the space after tunnel face is occupied by the backup system of TBM, prevention and control of rockbursts are more difficult. Thus, rockbursts in tunnels excavated by TBM method with the same intensity are more harmful than those in tunnels by D＆B method. Reducing tunneling rate of TBM seems to be a good means to decrease ERR and risk of rockburst. The rockbursts observed during excavation of headrace tunnels at Jinping II hydropower station in West China confirm the analytical results obtained in this paper.

关键词： drill-and-blast (D&B) excavation tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation energy release rockbursts

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Numerical simulation of deflagration to detonation transition in a straight duct:effect of energy release

Numerical simulation of deflagration to detonation transitio...

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第十五届全国激波与激波管学术会议

作者： Hua-Shu Dou Zongmin Hu Boo Cheong Khoo Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore

Numerical simulation based on the Euler equation and one-step reaction model is carried out to investigate the process of deflagration to detonation transition(DDT) occurring in a straight *** numerical method used includes a high resolution fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for spatial discretization,coupled with a third order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta time stepping *** particular,effect of energy release on the DDT process is *** model parameters used are the heat release at q=50.***.25.20.15.10 and *** specific heat ratio at *** the activation temperature at Ti=*** all the cases,the initial energy in the spark is about the same compared to the detonation energy at the Chapman-Jouguet(CJ) *** is found from the simulation that the DDT occurrence strongly depends on the magnitude of the energy *** run-up distance of DDT occurrence decreases with the increase of the energy release for q=500,and increases with the increase of the energy release for q=*** is concluded from the simulations that the interaction of the shock wave and the flame front is the main reason for leading to DDT.

关键词： Numerical simulation Detonation DDT energy release Duct

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Microstructure Regulation and Combustion Performance Optimization of PVDF/Al Composite Powder by Non-covalent Functionalized Graphenes

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 904-911页

作者：易卓然 DENG Haoyuan QIN Mei 孙一 LUO Guoqiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Graphene prepared by non-covalent modification of sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone)(SPG)was combined with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/Al to improve the PVDF/Al thermal conductivity while reducing the effect of the thermal resistance at the graphene-polymer *** regulation rule of SPG with different contents on the energy release of fluorine-containing system was *** the content of SPG is 4%,the peak pressure and rise rate of SPG/PVDF/Al composite powder during ignition reach the maximum of 4845.28 kPa and 8683.58 kPa/*** the content of SPG is 5%,the PVDF/Al composite powder is completely coated by SPG,and the calorific value of the material reachs the maximum of 29.094 kJ/*** the design and micro-control of the composite powder,the calorific value of the material can be effectively improved,but the improvement of the mass release rate still depends on the graphene content and surface modification state.

关键词： energetic materials PVDF/Al composites graphene modification energy release combustion

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Shock-induced chemical reaction characteristics of PTFE-Al-Bi_(2)O_(3)reactive materials

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 1-12页

作者： Chunlan Jiang Rong Hu Jingbo Zhang Zaicheng Wang Liang Mao State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

A ternary system of PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)is constructed by incorporating PTFE-based reactive material and thermite for enhancing the energy release of the PTFE-based reactive *** effects of Bi_(2)O_(3)in the PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)on both mechanical properties and the energy release were investigated through various tests such as thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry,adiabatic oxygen bomb test and split Hopkinson pressure bar *** microstructure observed through scanning electron microscope and Xray diffraction results are used to analyze the ignition and reaction mechanism of PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3).The results indicate that the PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)are capable of triggering the exothermic reaction of molten PTFE/Bi_(2)O_(3)and Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)over the PTFE/Al reactive materials,thereby promoting *** excessive aluminum in the ternary system is beneficial for increasing energy *** ignition of shock-induced chemical reactions in PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)is closely related to the material *** dominant mechanism for hot-spot generation under Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test is the frictional temperature rise at the microcrack after failure.

关键词： PTFE/Al/Bi_(2)O_(3) Shock-induced chemical reaction energy release

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Disturbance failure mechanism of highly stressed rock in deep excavation:Current status and prospects

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 611-627页

作者： Tao Wang Weiwei Ye Liyuan Liu Kai Liu Naisheng Jiang Xianhui Feng School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

This article reviews the current status on the dynamic behavior of highly stressed rocks under ***,the experimental apparatus,methods,and theories related to the disturbance dynamics of deep,high-stress rock are reviewed,followed by the introduction of scholars’research on deep rock deformation and failure from an energy ***,with a backdrop of highstress phenomena in deep hard rock,such as rock bursts and core disking,we delve into the current state of research on rock microstructure analysis and residual stresses from the perspective of studying the energy storage mechanisms in ***,the current state of research on the mechanical response and the energy dissipation of highly stressed rock formations is briefly ***,the insufficient aspects in the current research on the disturbance and failure mechanisms in deep,highly stressed rock formations are summarized,and prospects for future research are *** work provides new avenues for the research on the mechanical response and damage-fracture mechanisms of rocks under high-stress conditions.

关键词： deep rock with high stress highly stressed rock rock failure residual stress energy release

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Rockburst proneness considering energy characteristics and sample shape effects

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2441-2465页

作者： Song Luo Fengqiang Gong Kang Peng Zhixiang Liu School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China School of Civil Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China

Accurate prediction of rockburst proneness is one of challenges for assessing the rockburst risk and selecting effective control *** study aims to assess rockburst proneness by considering the energy characteristics and qualitative information during rock *** representative rock types in cylindrical and cuboidal sample shapes were tested under uniaxial compression conditions and the failure progress was detected by a high-speed *** far-field ejection mass ratio(FEMR)was determined considering the qualitative failure information of the rock *** peak-strength energy impact index and the residual elastic energy index were used to quantitatively evaluate the rockburst proneness of both cylindrical and cuboidal ***,the performance of these two indices was analyzed by comparing their estimates with the *** results show that the accuracy of the residual elastic energy index is significantly higher than that of the peak-strength energy impact *** residual elastic energy index and the FEMR are in good agreement for both cylindrical and cuboidal rock *** is because these two indices can essentially reflect the common energy release mechanism characterized by the mass,ejection velocity,and ejection distance of rock *** suggests that both the FEMR and the residual elastic energy index can be used to accurately measure the rockburst proneness of cylindrical and cuboidal samples based on uniaxial compression test.

关键词： Rockburst proneness Sample shape Strain energy energy release Far-field ejection mass ratio(FEMR)

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Behind-plate overpressure effect of steel-encased reactive material projectile impacting thin aluminum plate

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第5期18卷 723-734页

作者： Qing-bo Yu Jia-hao Zhang Hong-wei Zhao Yan-wen Xiao Hai-fu Wang Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and TechnologyBeijing100081China Academy of the Rocket Force Beijing100094China Equipment Project Management Center Army Equipment DepartmentBeijing100072China

Ballistic impact and sealed chamber tests were performed on the steel-encased reactive material projectile(SERMP)to understand its behind-plate overpressure effect when impacting the thin aluminum *** reactive material encased with a 1.5 mm thick 30CrMnSiNi2A steel shell was launched onto the initially sealed test chamber with a 3 mm thick 2024-T3 thin aluminum cover ***,the overpressure signals in the test chamber were recorded by pressure *** experimental results indicate an unusual behind-plate overpressure effect:as the density of the projectile increases from 6.43 g/cm^(3) to 7.58 g/cm^(3) by increasing the content of tungsten powder,although its total chemical energy decreases,it produces a higher behind-target overpressure at a lower impact velocity.A theoretical model is proposed to predict the reaction length of reactive material inside the projectile based on one-dimensional shock wave theory to understand this unexpected *** addition,the deviation between the actual energy release and the theoretical calculation results,also the variation of overpressure rise time are analyzed and *** the analyses show,when the SERMP successfully penetrates the cover plate,an increasing density of the reactive material inside the projectile always means that the delaying rarefaction wave effect,an increase of its internal pressure and strain rate *** factors lead to the increase of the overpressure limit velocity and reaction extent of the reactive material,while the overpressure rise time decreases.

关键词： Reactive materials Steel-encased reactive material projectile Over-pressure effect Overpressure limit velocity energy release

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