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Electric ignition energy evaluation and the energy distribution structure of energy released in electrostatic discharge process

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第10期26卷 310-315页

作者：刘庆明黄金香邵惠阁张云明 State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Fire Protection Engineering Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Academy

Ignition energy is one of tbe important parameters of flammable materials, and evaluating ignition energy precisely is essential to the safety of process industry and combustion science and technology. By using electric spark discharge test system, a series of electric spark discharge experiments were conducted with the capacitor-stored energy in the range of 10 J, 100 J, and 1000 J, respectively. The evaluation method for energy consumed by electric spark, wire, and switch during capacitor discharge process has been studied respectively. The resistance of wire, switch, and plasma between electrodes has been evaluated by different methods and an optimized evaluation method has been obtained. The electric energy consumed by wire, electric switch, and electric spark-induced plasma between electrodes were obtained and the energy structure of capacitor-released energy was analyzed. The dynamic process and the characteristic parameters （the maximum power, duration of discharge process） of electric spark discharge process have been analyzed. Experimental results showed that, electric spark-consumed energy only accounts for 8%-14% of the capacitor-released energy. With the increase of capacitor-released energy, the duration of discharge process becomes longer, and the energy of plasma accounts for more in the capacitor-released energy. The power of electric spark varies with time as a damped sinusoids function and the period and the maximum value increase with the capacitor-released energy.

关键词： electric spark discharge characteristics energy structure ignition energy

Comparative Study on energy Consumption structure of Ordinary Rural Households and Rural Tourism Households in Zhejiang Province, China

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energy and Power Engineering 2023年第1期15卷 52-72页

作者： Bingxin Fan Wenxuan Li Zilu Yin Meiyan Wang Chen Chen School of Landscape and Architecture Zhejiang A&F University Lin’an China Environmental Engineering University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu Japan

With the rapid development of rural tourism in China, more and more rural households operate a rural tourism business. The purpose of this study is to understand the energy consumption characteristic of ordinary rural households (ORHs) and rural tourism households (RTHs) in the mountainous area and islands area in Zhejiang province. 225 households were surveyed, including 185 ORHs and 40 RTHs, based on a field survey in Quzhou (mountainous area) and Zhoushan (islands area). Results reveal that energy consumption of ORHs is low, but energy comsumption of RTHs is high, about 3 to 5 times higher than that of ORHs. Given the results, the government and RTHs should pay more attention to take measures to reduce energy comsumption. Meanwhile, the factors affecting households’ energy consumption are also analyzed. energy consumption of ORHs is affected by frequently used area, family income level and permanent population. Then energy consumption of RTHs is mainly related to the total building area, number of air conditioner (AC), number of guestrooms and family income level.

关键词： Rural Tourism Ordinary Rural Households Rural Tourism Households energy Consumption energy structure

Climate change,ambient air pollution,and students'mental health

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 204-209页

作者： Jing-Xuan Wang Xin-Qiao Liu School of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

The impact of global climate change and air pollution on mental health has become a crucial public health *** public awareness of health,advancements in medical diagnosis and treatment,the way media outlets report environmental changes and the variation in social resources affect psychological responses and adaptation methods to climate change and air *** the context of climate change,extreme weather events seriously disrupt people's living environments,and unstable educational environments lead to an increase in mental health issues for *** pollution affects students'mental health by increasing the incidence of diseases while decreasing contact with nature,leading to problems such as anxiety,depression,and decreased cognitive *** call for joint efforts to reduce pollutant emissions at the source,improve energy structures,strengthen environmental monitoring and governance,increase attention to the mental health issues of students,and help student groups build resilience;by establishing public policies,enhancing social support and adjusting lifestyles and habits,we can help students cope with the constantly changing environment and maintain a good level of mental *** these comprehensive measures,we can more effectively address the challenges of global climate change and air pollution and promote the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Climate change Ambient air pollution Mental health energy structure Public policy Sustainable development

Pathways to peak carbon emissions in China by 2030: An analysis in relation to the economic growth rate

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1057-1072页

作者： Weidong LIU Wanbei JIANG Zhipeng TANG Mengyao HAN Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

With less than ten years left to meet its pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions(peak emissions hereafter) by 2030,China has entered a critical emissions reduction stage. How to meet this commitment in a context in which GDP per capita will double from 2020 by 2035 is a major decision-making issue for the Chinese government and people and one which warrants further study. To reveal the relationships between the GDP growth rate, the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the time to reach peak emissions, this study translates the question as to “when China's carbon emissions peak will occur” into “how can one control the rate of carbon intensity decrease at a given GDP growth rate”. In the light of the results of a random forest algorithm used to identify and project the key drivers of carbon intensity in China, a mathematical model was developed to simulate different scenarios relating to decreases in carbon intensity. The date at which Chinese carbon emissions will peak is predicted by comparing the rate of decrease of carbon intensity with the GDP growth rate. The results show that the time to peak emissions depends on the relationship between the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the GDP growth rate, where the former depends mainly on the energy structure and policy. If China's annual GDP growth rate were 5.0% during the 15th Five-Year Plan, and if the share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption were 23.0% or above, China's carbon emissions will peak before2030. If the share of non-fossil fuels were 20.0% or less, China might not be able to reach its 2030 target. In this latter case an acceleration in the pace of energy restructuring would be required to reach peak emissions before 2030. The projected peak emissions scenarios suggest that the carbon peak will occur between 2025 to 2029, with average peak emissions of 11.2 billion tons and a distribution ranging from a minimum of 10.5 billion and a maximum of 11.9 billion tons. If the GDP grow

关键词： Carbon emissions Carbon emissions peak Carbon intensity energy structure GDP growth rate

China’s carbon neutrality:an extensive and profound systemic reform

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 1-7页

作者： Xi Lu Dan Tong Kebin He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control and School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world,the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate *** transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China,and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic ***,we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China,but also identify the four potential new opportunities:namely,the acceleration of technology innovations,narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources,transforming the industrial structure,and co-benefits of pollution and carbon ***,we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation,and the joint efforts among the government,the enterprises,and the residents.

关键词： Carbon neutrality energy structure Technology-dependent society Coordinated mitigation for air pollutants and CO_(2)

The Future of Oil Industry

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Petroleum Science 2006年第4期3卷 1-9页

作者： Tong Xiaoguang China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company CNPC Beijing 100083 China

Oil and gas are the major energy resources all over the world but are not renewable. According to their present reserves, the resource volumes yet to be found and the large amount of non-conventional oil and gas resources, there is still great potential in oil and gas production. The proportion ofoil and gas in energy structure will be influenced by four major factors： 1） Potential of the world oil and gas resources; 2） Technological progress of oil and gas exploration and development; 3） Speed of the development of substitute energy resources; and 4） Variation ofoil price. It is estimated that, oil and gas will still retain an important proportion in energy structure by the first half of the 21st century.

关键词： Oil and natural gas production potential energy structure alternative energy

The importance of biodiesel and ethanol in China’s energy mix in the coming decade

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The importance of biodiesel and ethanol in China’s energy m...

Summary of Steam System Optimization and energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Practice in Yanshan Petrochemical Company

第三届中国能源战略国际论坛

作者： Xin Zhang School of business administration China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

Biodiesel and ethanol are two kinds of biodegradable fuels. Substituting fossil diesel with biofuels can reduce air emissions, increase the domestic energy supply, safeguard China’s energy security and create new markets for rural workforce by cultivating energy crops on idle land or desert. This paper investigates the characteristics and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol, and their current status and development potentials in China, identifies barriers to the adoption, and explains key policy measures to achieve the targets of the 11th five-year plan. The results of this paper show that biodiesel and ethanol will play important role in China’s energy mix in the coming decade. However, there are many barriers to the practical adoption of biodiesel. Many issues （such as acquiring material sources, establishing a recycling system, defining economic and legal measures, and improving public acceptance and inter-ministry coordination mechanisms） must still be addressed to actively promote biodiesel utilization.

关键词： Biofuel Biodiesel Ethanol energy structure energy mix energy security

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Asian Agricultural Research 2022年第8期14卷 39-43页

作者： Jianxin GAO Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co. Ltd.Thermal Power PlantBeijing 102500China

This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment *** results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·*** power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried *** to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in *** the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.

关键词： Steam system Fuel structure energy structure Equipment efficiency Steam loss Optimization energy saving Carbon reduction

基于可再生能源配额制的东部沿海地区能源结构优化问题探讨

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