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Total synthesis of endothelin 1 by microwave-assisted solid phase method

Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第4期21卷 388-390页

作者： Qian, Hai Chen, Wei Zhou, Jin Pei Huang, Wen Long Zhang, Hui Bin Jin, Jing China Pharmaceut Univ Dept Med Chem Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China China Pharmaceut Univ Ctr Drug Discovery Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China

A microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis for endothelin 1 is *** endothelin 1 was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection *** whole peptide was cleaved from the resin and two disulphide bridges were formed under air oxidation at room *** purity and efficiency of synthesizing the peptide is much higher than other methods used before.

关键词： endothelin 1 Microwave irradiation Solid phase Disulphide bridge

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Regulatory mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death in normal tension glaucoma and potential therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 87-93页

作者： Wen-Cui Shen Bing-Qing Huang Jin Yang Tianjin Eye Hospital&Eye Institute Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina

Normal tension glaucoma(NTG)is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by normal intraocular pressure,progressive retinal ganglion cell(RGC)death,and glaucomatous visual field *** studies have described the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of *** addition to controlling intraocular pressure,neuroprotection and reduction of RGC degeneration may be beneficial therapies for *** this review,we summarized the main regulatory mechanisms of RGC death in NTG,including autophagy,glutamate neurotoxicity,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,immunity,and *** can be induced by retinal hypoxia and axonal *** this process,ischemia can cause mutations of optineurin and activate the nuclear factor-kappa B *** neurotoxicity is induced by the over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate membrane receptors by glutamate,which occurs in RGCs and induces progressive glaucomatous optic *** stress also participates in NTG-related glaucomatous optic *** impairs the mitochondrial and DNA function of RGCs through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-JUN N-terminal kinase ***,it increases inflammation and the immune response of *** 1 causes endothelial dysfunction and impairment of ocular blood flow,promoting vasospasm and glaucomatous optic neuropathy,as a result of *** conclusion,we discussed research progress on potential options for the protection of RGCs,including TANK binding kinase 1 inhibitors regulating autophagy,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists inhibiting glutamate toxicity,ASK1 inhibitors regulating mitochondrial function,and antioxidants inhibiting oxidative *** NTG,RGC death is regulated by a network of mechanisms,while various potential targets protect ***,these findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTG and potential therapeutic strategies.

关键词： autophagy endothelin 1 glutamate neurotoxicity inhibitor nerve regeneration neuroinflammation normal tension glaucoma oxidative stress retinal ganglion cell vasoconstriction

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