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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1319-1330页

作者： Kim Nylund Svein Фdegaard Trygve Hausken Geir Folvik Gülen Arslan Lied Ivan Viola Helwig Hauser Odd-Helge Gilja National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital 5021 Bergen Norway Odd-Helge Gilja Institute of Medicine University of Bergen 5021 Bergen Norway Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital 5021 Bergen Norway Institute of Informatics University of Bergen 5008 Bergen Norway

In the last two decades, there has been substantial development in the diagnostic possibilities for examining the small intestine. Compared with computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy, ultrasonography has the advantage of being cheap, portable, flexible and user-and patient-friendly, while at the same time providing the clinician with image data of high temporal and spatial resolution. The method has limitations with penetration in obesity and with intestinal air impairing image quality. The flexibility ultrasonography offers the examiner also implies that a systematic approach during scanning is needed. This paper reviews the basic scanning techniques and new modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, strain rate imaging, hydrosonography, allergosonography, endoscopic sonography and nutritional imaging, and the literature on disease-specific findings in the small intestine. Some of these methods have shown clinical benefit, while others are under research and development to establish their role in the diagnostic repertoire. However, along with improved overall image quality of new ultrasound scanners, these methodshave enabled more anatomical and physiological changes in the small intestine to be observed. Accordingly, ultrasound of the small intestine is an attractive clinical tool to study patients with a range of diseases.

关键词： Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Crohn'sdisease endoscopic sonography Endosonography Enteroclysis Hydrosonography Magnetic resonanceimaging Ultrasonography Virtual endoscopy Visualization

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