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Phylogenetic relationship,biogeography,and conservation genetics of endangered Fraxinus chiisanensis(Oleaceae),endemic to South Korea

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Plant Diversity 2022年第2期44卷 170-180页

作者： Changkyun Kim Dong-Kap Kim Hang Sun Joo-Hwan Kim Plant Research Division Honam National Institute of Biological ResourcesMokpo 58762Republic of Korea Forest Biodiversity Division Korea National ArboretumPocheon 11186Republic of Korea CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanPR China Department of Life Science Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120Republic of Korea

endemic plants are important for understanding phylogenetic relationships,biogeographical history,and genetic variation because of their restricted distribution and their role in conserving biodiversity.Here,we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Korean endemic Fraxinus chiisanensis by reconstructing the molecular phylogeny of Fraxinus based on two nuclear DNA(nrITS and phantastica)and two chloroplast DNA(psbA-trnH and rp132-trnL)regions.Within our fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework,we also inferred the biogeographical history of F.chiisanensis.To provide a scientific basis for the conservation of F.chiisanensis,we determined the levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in this species.Combining information from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data,our molecular phylogenetic analyses identified F.chiisanensis as a genetically distinct unit from its sister group,Fraxinus platypoda from Japan.Our molecular dating analyses using nuclear and chloroplast DNA data sets show F.chiisanensis diverged from its sister F.platypoda in the Early or Middle Miocene and differentiated in the Late Miocene on the Korean Peninsula.Our results suggest that the divergence of F.chiisanensis was associated with the submergence of the East China Sea land bridge and enhanced monsoons in East Asia.When compared to F.platypoda,F.chiisanensis exhibits low genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among populations.These results help us to understand the evolutionary history of F.chiisanensis and to develop a conservation strategy for this species.

关键词： East China Sea land bridge Endemic species Fraxinus chiisanensis Korean Peninsula Genetic diversity Biogeography

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Main environmental variables influencing the abundance of plant species under risk category

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1209-1217页

作者： Pablo Antúnez División de Estudios de Posgrado Universidad de la Sierra Juárez68725 Oax.México

Determining climatic and physiographic variables in Mexico’s major ecoregions that are limiting to biodiversity and species of high conservation concern is essential for their conservation.Yet,at the national level to date,few studies have been performed with large data sets and crossconfirmation using multiple statistical analyses.Here,we used 25 endemic,rare and endangered species from 3610 sampling points throughout Mexico and 25 environmental attributes,including average precipitation for different seasons of the year,annual dryness index,slope of the terrain;and maximum,minimum and average temperatures to test our hypothesis that these species could be assessed with the same weight among all variables,showing similar indices of importance.Our results using principal component analysis,covariation analysis by permutations,and random forest regression showed that summer precipitation,length of the frost-free period,spring precipitation,winter precipitation and growing season precipitation all strongly influence the abundance of tropical species.In contrast,annual precipitation and the balance at different seasons(summer and growing season)were the most relevant variables on the temperate region species.For dry areas,the minimum temperature of the coldest month and the maximum temperature of the warmest month were the most significant variables.Using these different associations in different climatic regions could support a more precise management and conservation plan for the preservation of plant species diversity in forests under different global warming scenarios.

关键词： Correlative models Climate change Effect of topography Endemic species IUCN list Machine learning algorithms

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Karyomorphology of three endemic plants(Brassicaceae:Euclidieae and Arabideae)from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its significance

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Plant Diversity 2020年第3期42卷 135-141页

作者： Wenguang Sun Haixia Wang Rui Wu Hang Sun Zhimin Li CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China School of Life Science Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500.China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In the paper,chromosome number and karyotype of three endemic genera from China are reported for the first time.Our results show that Anzhengxia yechengnica has a karyotype formula2 n=2 x=14=6 m+8 sm and belongs to Stebbins-3 A;Shangrilaia nana karyotype formula is2 n=2 x=14=10 m+4 sm(2 sat) and belongs to Stebbins-1 A;Baimashania pulvinata karyotype formula is 2 n=2 x=16=12 m(2 sat)+4 sm and belongs to Stebbins-1 A.Anzhengxia and Shangrilaia are monospecific genera belonging to tribe Euclidieae and both have a basic chromosome x=7.Baimashania,which belongs to tribe Arabideae,has two species which have a basic chromosome x=8.The implications of these cytological data are compared with morphological support and the implications for each tribe are discussed.We also summarize chromosomal number variation and its systematic implications of two tribes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Karyotype Endemic species Anzhengxia Shangrilaia Baimashania Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Staying alive on an active volcano:80 years population dynamics of Cytisus aeolicus(Fabaceae)from Stromboli(Aeolian Islands,Italy)

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 760-774页

作者： R.Zaia S.Pasta F.Di Rita V.A.Laudicina P.Lo Cascio D.Magri A.Troia R.Guarino Magmatrek Via Vittorio Emanueles.n.98050Stromboli(ME)Italy Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources(IBBR) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Corso Calatafimi41490129 PalermoItaly Department of Biology Unit of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 10CH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland Department of Environmental Biology University of Rome‘La Sapienza’Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185 RomeItaly Department SAF University of PalermoViale delle ScienzeEd.490128 PalermoItaly Associazione Nesos Corso Vittorio Emanuele II2498055 Lipari(ME)Italy Department STEBICEF(Botanical unit) University of PalermoVia Archirafi 3890123 PalermoItaly

Cytisus aeolicus is a narrow Endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago(SE Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora.Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals of C.aeolicus are gradually shrinking.Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli experienced a strikingly fast increase during the last decades.As of 2019,more than 7000±3000 mature individuals occur on Stromboli,i.e.14 to 20 times more than those counted during the last census,25 years ago.The diachronic analysis of aerial photos concerning last 80 years and the analysis of the growth rings of some selected plants pointed out that the surface occupied,the demographic structure and the distribution pattern of the subpopulations of Stromboli has been highly fluctuating during last decades.Moreover,data issuing from field observations in permanent plots placed in a transect between two isolated mature individuals showed that,under natural conditions,the germination rate of the seedlings of C.aeolicus can be very high and their establishment rate may exceed 40%.By contrast,seedlings mortality is subject to strong annual fluctuations.Additionally,the pollen morphology of the Strombolian metapopulation of this rare and isolated species is studied here for the first time.Contrary to what is stated in recent literature,the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli is healthy and very dynamic,albeit frequently damaged by the volcanic activity.Regular and repeated field surveys carried out during 3 years(2017-2019)allowed improving our knowledge on the life cycle of C.aeolicus and a new extinction risk assessment of the species,according to IUCN criteria,is presented.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Pollen morphology Germination rate Growth rate IUCN risk assessment

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Intensities of human disturbance dictate the floral diversity in tropical forest:the case of a secondary forest in Benguet, Philippines

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第6期20卷 1575-1588页

作者： Domelson A.BALANGEN Melchor S.CATONES Jane M.BAYENG Jones T.NAPALDET Global Inclusive Solution Environmental Consulting Services La TrinidadBenguet 2601Philippines Graduate School University of the Philippines Los BanosLaguna 4030Philippines Chemistry Department Benguet State UniversityLa TrinidadBenguet 2601Philippines Biology Department Benguet State UniversityLa TrinidadBenguet 26o1Philippines

This study inventoried the floral diversity of a secondary forest in Tuba,Benguet,Philippines as affected by different intensities of human disturbance.This study is unique from other land use studies in Southeast Asia in having conventional farms as the most disturbed land use while other sites have oil palm plantations.A total of 267 species belonging to 222 genera and 78 families was documented.Results showed that the level of human disturbance is the major factor affecting the floral diversity while the effect of elevation is secondary.The level of human disturbance is significantly associated with species richness,species composition,dominant species and biodiversity indices.Greater human disturbance,as in the case of conventional farms,results in lower species richness,predominantly weed composition,dominant weed species and lower biodiversity indices.On the other hand,lesser human disturbance(as in the case of secondary forest)leads to higher species richness,greater native species composition,dominance of indigenous species,and higher diversity indices.The most disturbed land use experienced the greatest loss of species richness,change in floristic composition and vegetation structure,as well as a shift from native to alien-dominated plant communities.These results showed that the effect of land use change is not limited to species richness but also to species composition,dominant species and biodiversity indices.Locally,the study is an important baseline data for biodiversity conservation of the Marcos Highway Watershed Forest Reserve.

关键词： Land use change Secondary forest Conventional farming Endemic species Exotic species

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Hummingbird-plant interactions in Chile:An ecological review of the available evidence

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 332-340页

作者： Rodrigo Medel Manuel López-Aliste Francisco E.Fontúrbel Departamento de Ciencias Ecol ogicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Cat olica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life(LiLi) ValdiviaChile

Hummingbird species have closely evolved with the plants they feed on,which is confirmed by their often tight ecological relationships in natural settings.Hummingbird-plant interactions are of interest for research areas such as ecology,evolution,and even agriculture,as they usually inform on the conservation status of interacting species assemblages,and its disappearance may precede the population extinction of the species involved in the interaction.In Chile,there are nine hummingbird species,which interact with a large and diverse number of angiosperm species in forest,desert,and mountain range environments.The motivation to perform this review is to systematize the available information regarding the flowering plants visited by hummingbird species in Chile,to present some basic plant-hummingbird pollination network metrics,and on this basis to identify the components of the plant-hummingbird relationships in need of further research.A plant-hummingbird metanetwork revealed a low connectance value,low niche overlap,and strong modularity among species.However,the fact that most species present a strong allopatric distribution across Chile,suggests that network structure results mostly from the history of colonization rather than from ecological organization.Nowadays,the main threats to Chilean hummingbirds are anthropogenic disturbance and climate change,which disrupt hummingbird-plant interactions,leading to unpredictable ecological consequences at the community level.Long periods of drought may reduce the resource base for hummingbirds,with dramatic consequences for the maintenance of bird and plant populations.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Habitat disturbance Pollination Trochilidae

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Delving into the variations in tree species composition and richness across south american subtropical atlantic and Pampean forests

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 242-260页

作者： Ary T.Oliveira-Filho Jean C.Budke João A.Jarenkow Pedro V.Eisenlohr Danilo R.M.Neves Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAv.Antônio Carlos6627Belo HorizonteMinas Gerais31270-901Brazil Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das MissõesAv.Sete de Setembro1621ErechimRio Grande do Sul99700-000Brazil Departamento de Botânica Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Porto AlegreRio Grande do Sul91501-970Brazil Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Inverleith RowEdinburghEH35LRUK

Aims We analyse here the variations in species composition and richness and the geographic ranges of the tree species occurring in south american subtropical atlantic and Pampean forests.our goals were to assess(i)the floristic consistency of usual classifications based on vegetation physiognomy,climate and elevation;(ii)the leading role of temperature-related variables on the variations in species composition and richness;(iii)the predominance of species with tropical-subtropical ranges,possibly as a result of forest expansion over grasslands after the last glacial maximum(LGM);(iv)the restriction of most subtropical endemics to stressful habitats as a possible result of past forest refuges during the LGM.Methods The region was defined by the Tropic of Capricorn to the north,the rio de la Plata to the south,the atlantic shoreline to the east and the catchment areas of the upper Paranáand uruguay rivers to the west.multivariate analyses,multiple regression modelling and variance partition analyses were performed on a database containing 63994 occurrence records of 1555 tree species in 491 forest sites and 48 environmental variables.all species were also classified according to their known geographic range.Important Findingsa main differentiation in species composition and richness was observed between the eastern windward coastlands(rain and cloud forests)and western leeward hinterlands(Araucaria and semi-decid-uous forests).Pre-defined forest types on both sides were consistent with variations in tree species composition,which were significantly related to both environmental variables and spatial proximity,with extremes of low temperature playing a chief role.Tree species rich-ness declined substantially towards the south and also from rain to seasonal forests and towards the highland summits and sandy shores.species richness was significantly correlated with both minimum temperature and actual evapotranspiration.about 91%of the subtropical flora is shared with the much richer tropical flora,prob-ably extracting

关键词： distribution patterns Endemic species floristic connections macro-scale species richness spatial and climatic predictors subtropical forests

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An Annotated List of Lizards(Sauria: Squamata) Recorded from the People's Republic of China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第1期13卷 64-74页

作者： Bo CAI Xiang JI Yingyong WANG Dingqi RAO Song HUANG Yuezhao WANG Zhaobin SONG Xianguang GUO Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Key Laborator y of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministr y of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/The Museum of Biolog y School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen Universit yGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223YunnanChina Colege of Life Sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002AnhuiChina

From the perspectives of biodiversity conservation and management, there is an urgent need to have at hand current synopses of classification and distributions of species. In this paper, we review and summa rize the classifica tions, Chinese a nd English names, type specimens, type localities and distributions of China’s lizard fauna to promote scientific exchange and species conservation among relevant people in China and internationally. As of December 31, 2020, a total of 230species of lizard, belonging to 44 genera and 12 families,have been recorded from China, including 4 invasive species: 2 in the family Gekkonidae, 1 in Iguanidae and one in Dactyloidae. There are 115 Endemic species, accounting for 50% of this group. The proportion of Endemic species to China was the highest in the family Eublepharidae(84.62%), and the number of Endemic species to China was the highest in the family Agamidae(42 species). The species distributions and classifica tion in the “Fa una Sinica(Reptilia 2): Squamata(Lacertilia)” were updated.Among the provincial administrative units, there is a larger number of species in the southern provinces, such as Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan. Sichuan, Yunnan, and Taiwan harbour relatively more Endemic species than others. A total of 154 species of lizards were first discovered in China, and the type localities of these species are concentrated in Yunnan, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.

关键词： classification type specimen type locality distribution Endemic species invasive species

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Diversity Assessment of an endemic Carpinus oblongifolia(Betulaceae)Using Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing and Implications for Conservation

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第3期91卷 617-632页

作者： Sumei Li Qing Wang Peng Wang Shuan Wang Rutong Yang Ya Li Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-SenNanjing210014China

Carpinus oblongifolia is an Endemic species and the extant wild populations show a fragmentation distribution in the Baohua Mountain of Jiangsu Province in eastern China.Understanding of genetic diversity plays an important role in C.oblongifolia survival and sustainable development.The wild C.oblongifolia population was artificially divided into four subpopulations according to the microhabitats,and another two subpopulations were constructed by progeny seedlings cultivated with the mature seeds.Then,the leaf buds of 80 individuals from six subpopulations were sampled to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq).Based on these SNPs,we aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of C.oblongifolia and provide an illumination and reference for effective management of such a small endemic population.The level of genetic diversity was low at the species level,and the progeny subpopulations had a relatively higher genetic diversity than the wild subpopulations.This may be attributed to a high gene flow and an excess heterozygosity to reduce the threat of genetic drift-based hazards.Moreover,the progeny subpopulations had the ability to form new clusters and a great contribution to the genetic structure variation of C.oblongifolia.These results will assist with the development of conservation and management strategies,such as properly evacuating competitive trees to provide more chance for pollen and seed flow in situ conservation,and establishing sufficient seedling plantlets under laboratory conditions for reintroduction to enlarge the effective population size.

关键词： Carpinus oblongifolia Endemic species genetic diversity population structure SLAF

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endemic Amphibians and Their Distribution in China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第2期3卷 163-171页

作者： Junhua HU Cheng LI Feng XIE Jianping JIANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Amphibians are good indicators of ecosystem health. Updating the information of Endemic species in time and understanding their spatial distributions are necessary for the development of integrative conservation strategies and the elucidation of geographic patterns of amphibians. We analyzed the diversity and distributions of the endemic amphibians in China based on a database of specimen records, recently published literature, and field surveys. Two hundred and sixty two Endemic species of amphibians, belonging to 59 genera in 12 families and two orders, are recognized. They account for 67% of the total number of amphibian species in China, with the family Megophryidae possessing the largest number of endemics. There are also 17 genera endemic to China. Across provinces, the species richness of endemics shows five levels with a hierarchical diversification. Sichuan has the largest number of endemics, while Heilongjiang and Jilin have no Endemic species. Alternatively, whether on the level of endemic genus or species, the highest diversity occurs in the Western Mountains and Plateau Subregion. The distribution ranges of most Endemic species cover ≤ 4 provinces or zoogeographic subregions. Additionally, the species richness of endemics along an elevational gradient shows a bell-shaped pattern with the peak around 800 m. Most Endemic species are distributed in areas of low to mid elevation(c. 700–1 500 m), while 36 species are distributed up to 3 000 m. Endemic species richness decreases with increasing of elevation range. species at mid elevations display large range sizes, while species at lower and higher elevations exhibit smaller ranges. Our results are to be beneficial for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of distributional patterns of amphibians in China. This study highlights a need to promote conservation programs for Chinese endemic amphibians due to their narrow distribution ranges and potential threats.

关键词： amphibian diversity conservation distribution pattern elevational gradient Endemic species

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