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The Current Conservation Efforts and Future Prospects for the endangered Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana ibex) in Sudan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 39-62页

作者： Lubna Mohammed Abdallah Hassan Mutasim Essa Abdallah Adam Latifa Altigani Adam Abakar Nasir Yousif Gaboush Brema Wildlife Research Center Animal Resource Research Corporation Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries Bahri Sudan Sudanese Wildlife Society Bahri Khartoum Sudan Department of Wildlife—Central Darfur State Faculty of Forestry Sciences University of Zalingei Zalingei Sudan

A comprehensive action plan for the conservation of the endangered species, the Nubian ibex in Sudan, can be developed by gaining a thorough understanding of their current status, conservation strategy, and relevant laws and regulations, as well as raising awareness about the importance of protecting endangered species. The Nubian ibex is listed as an endangered species on The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, highlighting the need for further research on population conservation efforts due to insufficient population data. To address this knowledge gap, a questionnaire was conducted with various stakeholders, including police officers, researchers, and lecturers, representing a diverse range of organizations and universities. The findings revealed that hunting is the primary factor contributing to endangerment. Mammals account for 80% of endangered species, while reptiles comprise less than one-tenth. Research centers are recognized as the main governing body, and 85% of participants are concerned about the declining population. Hunting accounted for less than half of the threats to the ibex population in Sudan, while habitat loss made up a quarter. Mining, climate change, human activity, and agriculture were also identified as risks. However, there were no plans, strategies, procedures, or measures in place to conserve the Nubian ibex. There were also no initiatives to preserve its biodiversity, and awareness about endangered species was lacking. Although participants believed that laws were effective in protecting the ibex, no licenses were issued for its conservation, and annual surveys were not conducted. Additionally, there were no recorded instances of Mukhalfat related to the Nubian ibex. In light of these findings, we propose various conservation measures to address these challenges. These measures include the implementation of laws and regulations, conducting annual surveys to monitor population trends, protecting habitats, establishing breeding and releasing programs, launc

关键词： Nubian Ibex Sudan endangered species Conservation Status Law Regulations Awareness

Using MiddRAD-seq data to develop polymorphic microsatellite markers for an endangered yew species

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 294-299页

作者： Hantao Qin Guoqian Yang Jim Provan Jie Liu Lianming Gao Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Germplasm Bank of Wild species in Southwest China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityPengiaisAberystwythSY23 3DAUK

Microsatellites are highly polymorphic markers which have been used in a wide range of genetic studies.In recent years, various sources of next-generation sequencing data have been used to develop new microsatellite loci, but compared with the more common shotgun genomic sequencing or transcriptome data, the potential utility of RAD-seq data for microsatellite ascertainment is comparatively under-used.In this study, we employed MiddRAD-seq data to develop polymorphic microsatellite loci for the endangered yew species Taxus florinii. Of 8,823,053 clean reads generated for ten individuals of a population, 94,851(~1%) contained microsatellite motifs. These corresponded to 2993 unique loci, of which 526(~18%) exhibited polymorphism. Of which, 237 were suitable for designing microsatellite primer pairs, and 128 loci were randomly selected for PCR validation and microsatellite screening. Out of the 128 primer pairs, 16 loci gave clear, reproducible patterns, and were then screened and characterized in 24 individuals from two populations. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to ten(mean=4.875), and within-population expected heterozygosity from zero to 0.789(mean = 0.530),indicating that these microsatellite loci will be useful for population genetics and speciation studies of T. florinii. This study represents one of few examples to mine polymorphic microsatellite loci from ddRAD data.

关键词： MiddRAD-seq endangered species Microsatellite Next-generation sequencing Taxus florinii

Biobanking efforts and new advances in male Fertility preservation for rare and endangered species

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 640-645页

作者： Pierre Comizzoli Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park Veterinary Hospital PO Box 37012 Washington DC 20013 USA.

Understanding and sustaining biodiversity is a multi-disciplinary science that benefits highly from the creation of organized and accessible collections of biomaterials （Genome Resource Banks）. Large cryo-collections are invaluable tools for understanding, cataloging, and protecting the genetic diversity of the world＇s unique animals and plants. Specifically, the systematic collection and preservation of semen from rare species has been developed significantly in recent decades with some biobanks now being actively used for endangered species management and propagation （including the introduction of species such as the black-footed ferret and the giant panda）. Innovations emerging from the growing field of male fertility preservation for humans, livestock species, and laboratory animals are also becoming relevant to the protection and the propagation of valuable domestic and wild species. These new approaches extend beyond the ＂classical＂ methods associated with sperm freezing to include testicular tissue preservation combined with xenografting or in vitro culture, all of which have potential for rescuing vast amounts of unused germplasm. There also are other options under development that are predicted to have a high impact within the next decade （stem cell technologies, bio-stabilization of sperm cells at ambient temperatures, and the use of genomics tools）. However, biobanking efforts and new fertility preservation strategies have to expand the way beyond mammalian species, which will offer knowledge and tools to better manage species that serve as valuable biomedical models or require assistance to reverse endangerment.

关键词： conservation cryobiology endangered species male fertility spermatozoa

Potential Risk of Hybridization in Ex Situ Collections of Two endangered species of Sinojackia Hu （Styracaceae）

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第7期48卷 867-872页

作者： Qi-Gang Ye Xiao-Hong Yao Sheng-Ju Zhang Ming Kang Hong-Wen Huang Wuhan Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Spontaneous hybridization in ex situ facilities can undermine the genetic integrity of ex situ collections and potentially contaminate open-pollinated seeds or seedlings destined for the reintroduction of endangered plant species into the wild. In the present study, the potential risk of hybridization between two endangered Chinese endemic species, namely Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu and S. rehderiana Hu, which are naturally allopatric species but were conserved ex situ in Wuhan Botanical Garden （WBG）, Wuhan, China, were investigated over three consecutive years from 2003 to 2005. The entire overlapping flowering period of the two species was 14-20 d and the two species shared the same pollinator insects during the entire flowering season in WBG. The floral isolation between the two species was not an issue in the ex sltu collection at WBG. The results suggest an opportunity for pollen transfer between species and a potential risk of genetic Introgression and loss of genetic identity of open-pollinated seeds produced in the ex sltu Collection of these two endangered species. An artificial reciprocal cross between S xylocarpa and S. rehderlana confirmed that the two congener species could readily set seeds, indicating no post-pollination barriers to hybridization and the importance of spatial isolation as a barrier to inter-specific crossing. Therefore, to manage these crossable species with overlapping flowering times and shared pollination vectors in ex situ facilities, spatial isolation should be carefully considered to minimize the possibility of spontaneous hybridization.

关键词： endangered species ex situ conservation hybridization risk phenology pollination Sinojackia rehderiana Sinojackia xylocarpa.

Differential water use strategies among selected rare and endangered species in West Ordos Desert of China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 660-669页

作者： Jie Chen Qing Xu Deqiang Gao Aiyun Song Yuguang Hao Yingbin Ma Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of ForestryNo.1 DongxiaofuXiangshan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100091China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta Binzhou UniversityNo.391 Yellow Five RoadBinzhou 256603China Experimental Center of Desert Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryTuanjie RoadDengkou 015200China

Aims West Ordos Desert(WOD)in Inner Mongolia of China is charac-terized by unique geographical and ecological features to avoid the direct invasion of Quaternary Continental Glaciation,so it hosts many endangered relic species such as Tetraena mongol-ica,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Potaninia mongolica from Tertiary.However,how these plants utilize available water sources remains unknown.The objective of this study was to investigate the water utilization strategies of selected rare and endangered plant species in WOD by comparing hydrogen isotope ratios between their xylem water and possible water sources following four rainfall events of varying-intensities.Methods We measured the hydrogen isotope ratios of xylem water from T.mongolica,A.mongolicus and P.mongolica and an accom-panying species Sarcozygium xanthoxylum and potential water sources(including precipitation and soil water in different soil layers from 0 to 150 cm)over 9 days following each of four varying-intensity rainfall events during the summer of 2012.And then calculated the percentage utilization of potential water sources by each species after each rainfall events using the linear mixing model.We also made the measurements of soil moisture and root biomass in favor of interpretation of plant water use strategies.Important Findings Tetraena mongolica,A.mongolicus and S.xanthoxylum primarily relied on deep soil water,whereas P.mongolica depended predomi-nantly on rainwater.These rare and endangered desert plants had differential utilizations of available water sources,so some com-petition for limited water existed among some species.Tetraena mongolica had a competitive relationship in absorption of soil moisture with the same family species S.xanthoxylum,suggesting that T.mongolica and S.xanthoxylum should be restored separately at different areas in the WOD.Overall,this study provides a better understanding of water use strategies of these four plants and scien-tific evidence for protecting rare and endangered plants,maintain-ing regional speci

关键词： rare species endangered species hydrogen stable isotope water use strategies West Ordos Desert(WOD) varying-intensity rainfall events

Rostrum abnormalities in the endangered Indian Ocean humpback dolphin(Sousa plumbea)in South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 616-629页

作者： Guilherme FRAINER Simon ELWEN Sasha DINES Bridget JAMES Els VERMEULEN Gwenith PENRY OAlejandra VARGAS-FONSECA Shanan ATKINS Danielle CONRY Tess GRIDLEY Centre for Statistics in Ecology Environment and ConservationUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Sea Search Research and Conservation Cape TownSouth Africa Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Institute for Coastal and Marine Research Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa Department of Oceanography Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Morphological abnormalities in wild animals can be indicators of the underlying health of a population and may be determined through routine photographic surveys.Here,we assess unusual rostrum conditions in Indian Ocean humpback dolphins(Sousa plumbea)inhabiting South African coastal waters to understand the rate of prevalence of abnormal rostrums and formulate hypotheses on potential causes.Photographic data were collated from sys-tematic boat surveys and opportunistic sightings,obtained between April 1998 and March 2021 in various regions along the South African coast.Overall,31 unique individuals were found with abnormal rostrum conditions,vary-ing from slight misalignments to severe wounds and/or aberrant morphologies.In most cases,injuries were likely caused by natural events during the animal’s life history such as interactions with sharks and/or reef-associated hunting strategies.Mark–recapture data indicated that individuals had survived with these injuries for up to 10 years.This study reports the highest incidence of rostrum abnormalities in the species.As numbers reﬂect only those that have survived their injuries,they are considered a minimum estimate.A better understanding of the cause(s)of these injuries is important given the endangered status of this species.

关键词： endangered species human impacts injuries mark-recapture natural history

Geographical differences of leaf traits of the endangered plant Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis and its relationship with climate

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 125-135页

作者： Gangyi Yuan Qiqiang Guo Yaqin Zhang Qin Gui Na Xie Siqiong Luo Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China

Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical environment on these variations.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic factors.Significant differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among populations.On average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole length.The PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf anatomy.Most of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and altitude.In areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and thicker.This study shows that variations in leaf traits of L.coreana var.sinensis mainly come from variations among populations.The level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations low.These findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource.

关键词： Litsea coreana var.sinensis Climate Leaf trait variations Natural populations endangered species

endangered species——From VOA Speial English

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当代外语研究 1997年第4期 1-3页

作者：陈竹

这是一篇有关物种与环保的科普文章,它为我们展示了人们在保护野生濒危物种和发展优良物种方面所作的探索,如:杂交繁殖的增强抗病抗灾能力,采取手段严禁偷猎,人工繁殖珍稀物种,设立自然保护区,解决自然保护与经济发展间的冲突,协调人类... 详细信息

这是一篇有关物种与环保的科普文章,它为我们展示了人们在保护野生濒危物种和发展优良物种方面所作的探索,如:杂交繁殖的增强抗病抗灾能力,采取手段严禁偷猎,人工繁殖珍稀物种,设立自然保护区,解决自然保护与经济发展间的冲突,协调人类与大自然之间的关系等等。随着人类社会的发展,动植物保护已成为一项越来越艰巨的任务。相信篇文章能令人有所启示。

关键词： VOA endangered species From VOA Speial English

Testing a passive tracking index for monitoring the endangered Ethiopian wolf

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 172-178页

作者： Paul EVANGELISTA Richard ENGEMAN Lucy TALLENTS Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA National Wildlife Research Center Fort CollinsColoradoUSA Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme Wildlife Conservation Research UnitOxford UniversityUK

The endangered Ethiopian wolf is considered the rarest canid in Africa.The species faces many threats and is particularly vulnerable to diseases such as rabies.A simple,low-technology means to monitor populations would greatly facilitate conservation efforts,through early detection of population changes and behavior,and signaling a need for intervention.We tested a passive tracking index methodology,which has been a valuable tool for indexing canids and other species around the world.The method uses counts of track intrusions into plots placed in the animals’routes of travel as the basis for calculating an index.Unlike for other species,for which the placement of tracking plots on dirt roads has been extremely successful,we found in our first trial that this approach did not adequately intersect the wolves’activity patterns.The low vegetation associated with Afro-alpine habitats offered little benefit for the wolves to travel roads.However,in our second trial among molerat colonies,a focus of wolf foraging activity,we found plot placement on molerat mounds was efficient for collecting Ethiopian wolf plot intrusions for index calculations.This plot placement method coupled with the passive tracking index calculations might offer resource managers a cost efficient tool that requires minimal equipment to monitor Ethiopian wolf populations on the Sanetti Plateau and other Afro-alpine habitats.Plot placement on roads in other Ethiopian wolf habitats where cross-country travel is more difficult might still be a viable means to collect track data,but would require further testing.

关键词： endangered species population abundance population monitoring Simien fox Simien jackal.