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Effects of enclosure on Grassland Ecological and Economic Benefits in Northern China

Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 67-78页

作者： HU Bo WEN Qingke XI Fengjiang LI Mengyao WANG Libing REN Yuejuan Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Inner Mongolia Remote Sensing Center Co. Ltd.Huhhot010000China Xilinhot the Maodeng pasture Xilinhot026000China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116China Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Resources Environment and Disaster MonitoringCoal Geological Geophysical Exploration Surveying&Mapping Institute of Shanxi ProvinceJinzhong030600China

Grasslands in northern China serve the country as both an ecological barrier and a livestock production base.There,installing enclosures has been becoming the major grassland restoration measure adopted by many local governments.However,the effects of restoration on both ecological and production benefits of grassland remain unclear for implemented grassland restoration policies.Therefore,a representative rangeland in northern China,the Maodeng pasture in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected as the study area,and remote sensing monitoring analyses were carried out to quantify the ecological benefits and economic benefits from 2015 to 2021.The results showed that:1) in terms of ecological benefits,the grassland area with a grassland coverage rate of more than 60% accounts for 32.3% of the regional area,and 86.4% of its grassland grew significantly better than the same period in2015,showing a significant improvement in grassland growth.Using the average amount of carbon per unit area as the ecological benefit evaluation index,it increased by 27.1% to 32.48Tg C/yr from 2015 to 2021.2) In terms of economic benefits,both theoretical grass production and livestock carrying capacity increased from 2015 to 2021.Compared to 2015,the theoretical grass production in 2021 increased by 24.8% to 71 900 t.The livestock carrying capacity reached 52 100 sheep units in 2021,nearly 11 000 sheep units more than that in 2015.During the study period,multiple economic indicators(on a per capita basis of permanent residents) for the pastoral area of Xilinhot City to which the Maodeng pasture belongs,have grown steadily.Per capita total income rose from 29 630 yuan(RMB) in2015 to 62 859 yuan(RMB) in 2021.Relying on grassland resources to develop the pastoral ecology also broadens the potential economic development space.Overall,the establishment of the reserve and the experiment of implanting an enclosure policy have had a significant and positive impact on Maodeng pasture’s development from both an ecological and economic persp

关键词： enclosure grassland ecological benefit economic benefit Maodeng pasture Inner Mongolia northern China

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Impact of Fin Arrangement on Heat Transfer and Melting Characteristics of Phase Change Material

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 435-456页

作者： Arun UNIYAL Yogesh K.PRAJAPATI Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology UttarakhandSrinagar(Garhwal)246174India Department of Mechanical Engineering BIT SindriDhanbadJharkhand828123India

Present work investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin wax.Proposed enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements of the fins while keeping the fin's surface area equal in each case.Comparative analysis has been presented to recognize the suitable fin arrangements that facilitate improved heat transfer and melting rate of the PCM.Left wall of the enclosure is maintained isothermal for the temperature values 335 K,350 K and 365 K.Dimensionless length of the enclosure including fins is ranging between 0 and 1.Results have been illustrated through the estimation of important performance parameters such as energy absorbing capacity,melting rate,enhancement ratio,and Nusselt number.It has been found that melting time(to melt 100% of the PCM) is 60.5%less in enclosure-2(with two fins of equal length) as compared to the enclosure-1,having no fins.Keeping the fin surface area equal,if the longer fin is placed below the shorter fin(enclosure-3),melting time is further decreased by 14.1% as compared to enclosure-2.However,among all the configurations,enclosure-6 with wire-mesh fin structure exhibits minimum melting time which is 68.4% less as compared to the enclosure-1.Based on the findings,it may be concluded that fins are the main driving agent in the enclosure to transfer the heat from heated wall to the PCM.Proper design and positioning of the fins improve the heat transfer rate followed by melting of the PCM in the entire area of the enclosure.Evolution of the favourable vortices and natural convection current in the enclosure accelerate the melting phenomenon and help to reduce charging time.

关键词： phase change material enclosure fin melting fraction energy storage heat transfer

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The Effect of the Fin Length on the Solidification Process in a Rectangular enclosure with Internal Fins

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2019年第2期15卷 125-137页

作者： Laila Khatra Hamid El Qarnia Mohammed El Ganaoui Cadi Ayyad University Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaDepartment of PhysicsP.O.2390Fluid Mechanics and Energetic(affiliated to CNRSTURAC 27)MarrakeshMorocco Lorraine University Energetic Laboratory of Longwy(FJV/LERMAB)Henri PoincaréInstitute of LongwyFrance

The aim of the proposed work is to study the solidification process within a rectangular enclosure provided with three internal rectangular fins attached to the left vertical wall of the cavity.This latest is filled with a phase change material(PCM),initially liquid,at a temperature above its melting temperature.The solidification process was initiated by cooling the left wall and fins to a temperature lower than the melting temperature.In order to study and examine the thermal behavior and thermal performance of the proposed system,a mathematical model,based on the conservation equations of mass,momentum and energy was developed.The governing equations and their associated boundary and initial conditions were next adimensionalyzed.Therefore,several controlling parameters were appeared.The volume control method was used to discretize the equations.The resulting algebraic equations were solved iteratively.Numerical investigations were carried out to study and examine the effect of the dimensionless fin length on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields of the flow,the dimensionless heat flux,the solidified mass fraction and the dimensionless time of complete solidification.

关键词： Phase change material solidification enthalpy method fins rectangular enclosure

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Analysis of Combined Natural Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in a Partitioned Rectangular enclosure with Semitransparent Walls

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2019年第5期25卷 472-487页

作者： Liqun Zhou Jiaying Liu Qunwu Huang Yiping Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Shanghai Urban Construction Material Co. Ltd Shanghai 200063China

In this paper, we present a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the conjugate natural convection and radiation heat transfer in a double-space enclosure with two semitransparent walls. Two kinds of boundary conditions are considered, the rst being the isothermal process of the opaque wall, and the other the incidence of a constant radiation ux in the left semitransparent wall. The renormalization group k ε model is adopted to simulate the turbulent ow in the enclosure. To compute the radia- tion heat transfer in a semitransparent medium, the discrete ordinates model is used. We compare the behaviors of enclosures with single and double semitransparent walls and determine the di erence in the results obtained for semitransparent and opaque partitions. The results indicate that a semitransparent partition facilitates a reduction in the heat loss or obtains a higher temperature distribution. The transmittance of a semitransparent wall has a great e ect on the thermal and ow char- acteristics in an enclosure. The change of wall temperature is found to be signi cant when the thermal conductivity values range from 0.05 to 0.5 W/(m K), and to be small when ranging from 0.5 to 10 W/(m K). These conclusions are helpful for green design and energy saving in solar buildings.

关键词： Natural convection enclosure Semitransparent wall Thermal conductivity Transmittance

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES IN THE ELIMINATION OF MICROCYSTIS BLOOM FROM DONGHU LAKE USING enclosure METHOD

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1996年第3期14卷 193-204页

作者：谢平 Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems CERN Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan

The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake’s dense water bloom(of mainly Microcystis Anaabaena andOscillatoria)that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The infiuenceof planktivorous fishes (silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years usingthe enclosure method. The enclosures stocked densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of waterbloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared in the fish-free enclosures was completelyeliminated in 10-20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp was not effectivein controlling water bloom).This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is a keyfactor in eliminating water bloom from the lake.

关键词： enclosure experiments water bloom hypertrophic lake planktivorous fishes grazing pressure

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SIGN MATRIX, REGULAR SPLITTINGS AND MONOTONIC enclosure OF SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS, PARTI

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高校应用数学学报（A辑） 1992年第1期7卷 139-146页

作者：徐宗本游兆永 Research Center of Applied Mathematics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049

In this paper we introduce the sign matrix of a nonlinear system of equations x = Gx to characterize its hybrid and asynchronous monotonicity as well as convexity. Based on the configuration of the matrix, we define a new type of regular splittings of the system with which the solvability and construction of solutions for the system are transformed to those of the couple systems of the splitting formIt is shown that this couple systems is a general model for developing monotonic enclosure methods of solutions for various types of nonlinear system of equations.

关键词： Sign Matrix Regular Splitting Monotonic enclosure Ordered Convexity Iterative Procedure under Partial Ordering.

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Theory and calculation for acoustic radiation mode of weak coupled enclosure

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Chinese Journal of Acoustics 2019年第3期38卷 331-339页

作者： MAO Rongfu SU Changwei ZHU Haichao Institute of Noise&Vibration Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033 National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration&Noise Wuhan 430033

Active structural acoustic control(ASAC)is an efficient method in acoustic radiation control of coupled enclosure.In the past research of ASAC,the concept of 'acoustic radiation mode(ARM)of coupled enclosure'was proposed,which was a set of basis functions of structural mode amplitude.However,there was an incompatibility with the ARM definition in free space radiation case which was a set of basic functions of normal velocity or pressure on the vibrating surface.Also,there was severe inconvenience for application as structural modes were required while accurate and useful structural modes were difficult to be extracted in practice.To overcome these problems,by analogy to ARM theory of free space,the acoustic potential energy was expressed in quadratic form of normal velocity on coupling surface and ARM of coupled enclosure was redefined.Furthermore,theoretic derivation showed that ARM of coupled enclosure could be replaced simply by corresponding acoustic mode projection of enclosure when the coupling surface was discretized into equal size elements.Therefore,the ARM theory of coupled enclosure which was consistent with that of free space and convenient for application was formed.Finally,numerical calculation was performed and the results proved that the presented theory was very efficient in ARM calculation of coupled enclosure and ASAC.

关键词： ARM Theory and calculation for acoustic radiation mode of weak coupled enclosure

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Acoustical Modal Calculation for Rectangular enclosure and Its Experimental Verification

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 1997年第2期4卷 101-106页

作者：王峰林彭春野宋志琴李华敏

ＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃａｌＭｏｄａｌＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＲｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒＥｎｃｌｏｓｕｒｅａｎｄＩｔｓＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＶｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎＷＡＮＧＦｅｎｇｌｉｎＰＥＮＧＣｈｕｎｙｉｅＳＯＮＧＺｈｉ... 详细信息

ＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃａｌＭｏｄａｌＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＲｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒＥｎｃｌｏｓｕｒｅａｎｄＩｔｓＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＶｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎＷＡＮＧＦｅｎｇｌｉｎＰＥＮＧＣｈｕｎｙｉｅＳＯＮＧＺｈｉｑｉｎＬＩＨｕａｍｉｎ（王峰林）...

关键词： Acoustic mode rectangular enclosure adaptive filtering

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Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling inside a Rectangular enclosure with an Aperture

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2011年第3期3卷 84-89页

作者： Mehdi Bahadorzadeh Ghandehari Abbas Ali Lotfi-Neyestanak Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi 不详

The transmission line matrix time domain (TLM-TD) method is used to simulate the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) cou-pled inside a shielding box with an aperture. Simulations for different electromagnetic pulses regarding to different rise time and fall time have been performed. The results for shielding effectiveness of these different excitations have been presented. A simple method that uses an extra metal for reducing the interference has also been proposed and tested.

关键词： Electromagnetic Pulse TLM Shielding Rectangular enclosure

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Experimental and numerical study of buoyancy driven flow within a bottom heated vertical concentric cylindrical enclosure

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Natural Science 2013年第7期5卷 771-782页

作者： Asif Hussain Malik Shahab Khushnood Ajmal Shah Department of Mechanical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

The study of buoyancy driven flow within bottom-heated vertical concentric cylindrical enclosure was important with respect to the processes in chemical and nuclear industries. In this research paper, experimental and numerical study of the axial temperature gradient and the heat transfer mechanism within the enclosure were performed. The numerical simulations were validated by comparing the numerical results with experimentally measured axial temperature. The numerical results of the streamlines within the enclosure depicted the real picture of the buoyancy effects. Eighteen different experiments were performed by using inner cylinder of different materials and outer cylinder of different diameters within the bottom disc temperature range of 353 - 433 K. The CFD simulations were performed to study the buoyancy effects within the enclosure. At the bottom disc with temperature up to 393 K, the streamlines within the inner cylinder were almost the same for both con- figurations being independent of outer cylinder diameter, while at 433 K streamlines within the inner cylinders varied. With larger diameter outer cylinder configuration, the buoyancy effects in the outer annulus were stronger as compared to smaller one.

关键词： Experimental Numerical Study Buoyancy Driven Flow Cylindrical enclosure Materials Temperature

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