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Acute effect of smoking on gallbladder emptying and refilling in chronic smokers and nonsmokers: A sonographic study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5540-5543页

作者： Bumin Degirmenci Ramazan Albayrak Alpay Haktanir Murat Acar Aylin Yucel Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Kocatepe University Afyon Turkey

AIM: To ultrasonographicaly evaluate the acute effects of smoking on gallbladder contraction and refilling in chronic smokers and ***: Fifteen chronic smokers (21-30 years old) and fifteen nonsmokers (21-35 years old) participated in this study. Chronic smokers were selected among the volunteers who had been smoking for at least 5 years and 10 cigarettes per day (mean 17.5/d). Examinations were performed in two separate days. In the fi rst day, basal gallbladder (GB) volumes of volunteers were measured after 8-h fasting. After the examinations, participants had a meal containing at least 30-40 gram fat. Gallbladder volume was assessed at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the meal. In the second day, participants smoked 2 cigarettes after 8-h fasting. Then, they had the same meal, and gallbladder measurements were repeated at the same time points. Same procedures were applied to both groups. RESULTS: The mean starving GB volumes were 23.3 ± 3.3 mL in the fi rst day, 21.9 ± 3.0 mL in the second day in nonsmoker group and 18.3 ± 3.0 mL in the fi rst day, 19.5 ± 2.8 mL in second day in smoker group. There was no significant difference between starving GB volumes. We did not fi nd any signifi cant difference between the GB volumes measured at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min in the fi rst and second days in nonsmoker group. In smokers, post cigarette GB volume was found significantly higher at 5, 15 and 30 min which corresponded to GB contraction phase (P emptying time both in smokers and in nonsmokers though it is not signifi cant. It delays GB contraction inchronic smokers and causes a signifi cant decrease in GB emptying volume. Smoking causes no signifi cant delay in GB refi lling in both smokers and nonsmokers. These effects o

关键词： Gallbladder emptying Smoking Ultrasonography

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Implication of neurohormonal-coupled mechanisms of gastric emptying and pancreatic secretory function in diabetic gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第34期24卷 3821-3833页

作者： Bashair M Mussa Sanjay Sood Anthony JM Verberne Department of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine University of Sharjah Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of Melbourne

Recently, diabetic gastroparesis(DGP) has received much attention as its prevalence is increasing in a dramatic fashion and management of patients with DGP represents a challenge in the clinical practice due to the limited therapeutic options. DGP highlights an interrelationship between the gastric emptying and pancreatic secretory function that regulate a wide range of digestive and metabolic functions, respectively. It well documented that both gastric emptying and pancreatic secretion are under delicate control by multiple neurohormonal mechanisms including extrinsic parasympathetic pathways and gastrointestinal(GI) hormones. Interestingly, the latter released in response to various determinants that related to the rate and quality of gastric emptying. Others and we have provided strong evidence that the central autonomic nuclei send a dual output(excitatory and inhibitory) to the stomach and the pancreas in response to a variety of hormonal signals from the abdominal viscera. Most of these hormones released upon gastric emptying to provide feedback, and control this process and simultaneously regulate pancreatic secretion and postprandial glycemia. These findings emphasize an important link between gastric emptying and pancreatic secretion and its role in maintaining homeostatic processes within the GI tract. The present review deals with the neurohormonal-coupled mechanisms of gastric emptying and pancreatic secretory function that implicated in DGP and this provides new insights in our understanding of the pathophysiology of DGP. This also enhances the process of identifying potential therapeutic targets to treat DGP and limit the complications of current management practices.

关键词： Gastroparesis Gastric emptying Pancreatic secretion Postprandial glycemia Neurohormonal control

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Effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying in healthy dogs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期19卷 897-902页

作者： Sylvester O Ogbu Kenneth K Agwu Isaac U Asuzu Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnugu State 400001Nigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka CampusEnugu State 400001Nigeria

AIM:To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (***) on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in healthy ***:In a randomized,placebo-controlled experiment,twenty-five clinically healthy dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs in each *** placebo group served as the control,and the low,moderate and high dose groups ingested the methanolic leaf extract of *** in capsules at 100 mg/kg,250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg,respectively,while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg capsules of *** a 12-h fast,each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 min before the administration of a test *** of gastric emptying and blood glucoselevels were obtained 30 min before and immediately after the ingestion of the test meal and thereafter every 15 min for 4 *** was followed by further measurements every 30 min for another 2 ***:The gastric emptying times of the placebo,low dose,moderate dose,high dose and prokinetic dose groups were 127.0 ± 8.2 min,135.5 ± 3.7 min,155.5 ± 3.9 min,198.0 ± 5.3 min and 59.0 ± 2.5 min,*** emptying times of the moderate and high dose groups were significantly slower than in the placebo control group (155.5 ± 3.9 min,198.0 ± 5.3 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.000).No significant difference in gastric emptying between the low dose and placebo control groups was noted (135.5 ± 3.7 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.072).Gastric emptying of the prokinetic group was significantly faster than that of the control group (59.0 ± 2.5 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.000).The hypoglycaemic effect of *** and gastric emptying were inversely related (r=-0.95,P=0.000).CONCLUSION:*** delays gastric emptying and lowers postprandial blood glucose in healthy *** reduces the postprandial blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying.

关键词： Gonogronema latifolium Gastric emptying Sonography Postprandial blood glucose Semi-solid meals

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Changes in patients' symptoms and gastric emptying after Helicobacter pylori treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第18期22卷 4585-4593页

作者： Chun-Ling Zhang Chang-Hui Geng Zhi-Wei Yang Yan-Lin Li Li-Quan Tong Ping Gao Yue-Qiu Gao Department of Ultrasound Daqing Oilfield General Hospital Department of General Surgery the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of Gastroenterology Daqing Oil Field General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Harbin Medical University Affiliated Fifth Hospital

AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia(FD) ***: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-negative group(28 patients), and H. pylori-positive group(42 patients). Patients in the H. pylori-positive group were further randomly divided into groups: H. pylori-treatment group(21 patients) and conventional treatment group(21 patients). Seventy two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The proximal and distal stomach area was measured by ultrasound immediately after patients took the test meal, and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 min; then, gastric half-emptying time was calculated. The incidence of symptoms and gastric half-emptying time between the FD and control groups were compared. The H. pylori-negative and conventional treatment groups were givenconventional treatment: domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The H. pylori-treatment group was given H. pylori eradication treatment + conventional treatment: lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily and amoxicillin 1.0 g twice daily for 1 wk, then domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The incidence of symptoms and gastric emptying were compared between the FD and control groups. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric half-emptying time in the FD and control groups were analyzed. Then total symptom scores before and after treatment and gastric half-emptying time were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of abdominal pain, epigastric burning sensation, abdominal distension, nausea, belching, and early satiety symptoms in the FD group were significantly higher than in the control group(50.0% vs 20.8%; 37.1% vs 12.5%; 78.6% vs 44.4%; 45.7% vs 22.2%; 52.9% vs 15.3%; 57.1% vs 19.4%; all P emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the FD group were slower than in the control grou

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Gastric emptying Ultrasound

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Self-expandable metal stents in patients with postoperative delayed gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第40期24卷 4578-4585页

作者： Seung Han Kim Bora Keum Hyuk Soon Choi Eun Sun Kim Yeon Seok Seo Yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee Hoon Jai Chun Soon Ho Um Chang Duck Kim Sungsoo Park Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineInstitute of Gastrointestinal Medical Instrument ResearchKorea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Surgery Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic stent insertion in patients with delayed gastric emptying after *** In this study, we prospectively collected data from patients who underwent stent placement for delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after distal gastrectomy between June 2010 and April 2017, at a tertiary referral academic center. Clinical improvement, complications, and consequences after stent insertion were *** Technical success was achieved in all patients(100%). Early symptom improvement was observed in 15 of 20 patients(75%) and clinical success was achieved in all patients. Mean follow-up period was 1178.3 ± 844.1 d and median stent maintenance period was 51 d(range 6-2114 d). During the follow-up period, inserted stents were passed spontaneously per rectum without any complications in 14 of 20 patients(70%). Symptom improvement was maintained after stent placement without the requirement of any additional intervention in 19 of 20 patients(95%).CONCLUSION Endoscopic stent placement provides prompt relief of obstructive symptoms. Thus, it can be considered an effective and safe salvage technique for post-operative DGE.

关键词： Self-expandable metal stent Delayed gastric emptying Gastrectomy Salvage technique Symptom improvement

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Effect of DA-9701 on gastric emptying in a mouse model: Assessment by ^(13)C-octanoic acid breath test

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4380-4385页

作者： Chul-Hyun Lim Myung-Gyu Choi Hyeyeon Park Myong Ki Baeg Jae Myung Park Department of Internal Medicine The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the effects of DA-9701 on the gastric emptying of a solid meal using the 13C-octanoic acid breath test in a mouse model. METHODS:Male C57BL/6 mice aged > 8 wk and with body weights of 20-25 g were used in this study. The solid test meal consisted of 200 mg of egg yolk labeled with 1.5 L/g 13C-octanoic acid. The mice were placed in a 130 mL chamber flushed with air at a flow speed of 200 mL/min. Breath samples were collected for 6 h. The half-emptying time and lag phase were calculated using a modified power exponential model. To assess the reproducibility of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test, the breath test was performed two times at intervals of one week in ten mice without drug treatment. To assess the gastrokinetic effects of DA-9701, the breath test was performed three times in another twelve mice, with a randomized crossover sequence of three drug treatments:DA-9701 3 mg/kg, erythromycin 6 mg/kg, or saline. Each breath test was performed at an interval of one week. RESULTS:Repeatedly measured half gastric emptying time of ten mice without drug treatment showed 0.856 of the intraclass correlation coefficient for the half gastric emptying time (P = 0.004). The mean cumulative excretion curve for the 13C-octanoic acid breath test showed accelerated gastric emptying after DA-9701 treatment compared with the saline control (P = 0.028). The median half gastric emptying time after the DA-9701 treatment was significantly shorter than after the saline treatment [122.4 min (109.0-137.9 min) vs 134.5 min (128.4-167.0 min), respectively; P = 0.028] and similar to that after the erythromycin treatment [123.3 min (112.9-138.2 min)]. The lag phase, which was defined as the period taken to empty 15% of a meal, was significantly shorter after the DA-9701 treatment than after the saline treatment [48.1 min (44.6-57.1 min) vs 52.6 min (49.45-57.4 min), respectively; P = 0.049]. CONCLUSION:The novel prokinetic agent DA-9701 accelerated gastric emptying, assessed w

关键词： DA-9701 Gastric emptying Prokinetic agent Breath test Functional dyspepsia

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Right recumbent position on gastric emptying of water evidenced by ^(13)C breath testing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第3期19卷 362-365页

作者： Masaki Sanaka Yoshihisa Urita Takatsugu Yamamoto Tsuguru Shirai Satoshi Kimura Hitoshi Aoyagi Yasushi Kuyama Department of Medical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesJosai International UniversityChiba 283-8555Japan Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care School of MedicineToho UniversityTokyo 143-8540Japan Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineTeikyo UniversityTokyo 173-8605Japan

AIM:To compare the impact of the right recumbent position with the sitting position on gastric emptying of water. METHODS:In eight healthy male volunteers,the 13C acetate breath test was performed twice to assess gastric emptying of 100 mL tap *** were seated in one test and lying on their right side in the *** both positions,pulmonary 13CO2 exhalation curves were obtained by plotting breath data against *** gastric retention curves were created by analyzing data using the Wagner-Nelson protocol. RESULTS:No significant posture effect was found in pulmonary 13CO2 output curves(P=0.2150),whereas a significant effect was seen in gastric retention curves (P=0.0315).The percent retention values at 10 min and 15 min were significantly smaller when subjects were in the right recumbent position compared with the seated position(Pemptying of non-nutritive *** clinical implications,this study suggests that placing patients with acute pain on their right side after oral administration of analgesic drugs in solution is justified as an effective practice for rapid pain *** patients with gastrointestinal reflux symptoms,sleeping in the right recumbent position may reduce nocturnal symptoms,as delayed gastric emptying can cause reflux symptoms. CONCLUSION:Gastric emptying of water occurs more quickly when a subject lies on the right side compared with sitting.

关键词： Gastric emptying Breath test Right recumbent position Water

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Influencing factors of postoperative early delayed gastric emptying after minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第3期7卷 291-299页

作者： Lei Huang Jian-Qiang Wu Bing Han Zhi Wen Pei-Rui Chen Xiao-Kang Sun Xiang-Dong Guo Chang-Ming Zhao Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Deyang People's Hospital

BACKGROUND The main clinical treatment for esophageal cancer is surgery. Since traditional open esophageal cancer resection has the disadvantages of large trauma, long recovery period, and high postoperative complication rate, its clinical application is gradually reduced. The current report of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy(MIILE) is increasing. However, researchers found that patients with MIILE had a higher incidence of early delayed gastric emptying(DGE).AIM To investigate the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE after *** A total of 156 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Deyang People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the criteria of DGE, patients were assigned to a DGE group(n = 49) and a control group(n = 107). The differences between the DGE group and the control group were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further determine the influencing factors of postoperative early DGE. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess potential factors in predicting postoperative early *** Age, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, portion of anxiety score ≥ 45 points, analgesia pump use, postoperative to enteral nutrition interval, and postoperative fluid volume in the DGE group were higher than those in the control group. Perioperative albumin level in the DGE group was lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). Age, anxiety score, perioperative albumin level,and postoperative fluid volume were independent factors influencing postoperative early DGE, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC) foranxiety score was 0.720. The optimum cut-off value was 39, and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.37% and 65.31%, respectively. The AUC for postoperative fluid volume were 0.774. The optimal cut-off value was 1191.86 mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 65.3% an

关键词： Esophageal cancer Delayed gastric emptying Minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy Influencing factors

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Dual loop(Roux en Y) reconstruction with isolated gastric limb reduces delayed gastric emptying after pancreatico-duodenectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第2期11卷 93-100页

作者： Offir Ben-Ishay Reem Abu Zhaya Yoram Kluger Surgical Oncology Unit Division of General Surgery Rambam Health Care Campus

BACKGROUND Single loop reconstruction(SLR) was routine in our institution for patients undergoing pancreatico-duodenectomy(PD). Roux-en Y reconstruction with an isolated gastric limb(RIGL) recently became the reconstruction of *** To evaluate the impact of RIGL on incidence and severity of delayed gastric emptying(DGE).METHODS This is a single institution, retrospective analysis of patients undergoing PD. All patients undergoing PD from July 2010 through December 2016 were included in the study. Outcome of RIGL were compared to SLR. Primary measure of outcome included incidence and severity of DGE. Secondary measures of outcome were overall complications and postoperative *** One hundred and seventy-nine patients were included in the study. Fifty-two had RIGL, 127 had SLR. Overall complication rate was 40.2%, patients in the RIGL group experienced lower rates of DGE(15.4% vs 59.1%, P = 0.001). Other patient related outcomes were also significantly reduced: day of nasogastric tube removal(3 vs 5, P < 0.001), regain of normal diet(8 vs 9, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis RIGL was associated independently with reduced rates of DGE(P < 0.001, OR 0.14)CONCLUSION The current study shows that RIGL reduces the rate of DGE after PD. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to affirm the current data.

关键词： Pancreaticoduodenectomy Delayed gastric emptying Complications Roux en Y

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Gastric emptying measured by ultrasonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第2期5卷 5-6页

作者： Odd Helge Gilja, Trygve Hausken, Svein degaard and Arnold Berstad

Ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｇａｓｔｒｉｃｅｍｐｔｙｉｎｇｉｎｈｕｍａｎｓ，ａｎｄａｌｈａｖｅｔｈｅｉｒａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓａｎｄｄｉｓａｄｖａｎｔａ... 详细信息

Ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｇａｓｔｒｉｃｅｍｐｔｙｉｎｇｉｎｈｕｍａｎｓ，ａｎｄａｌｈａｖｅｔｈｅｉｒａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓａｎｄｄｉｓａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｃｈ...

关键词： gastric emptying stomach/ultrasonography stomach/pathophysiology

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