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Journal of Philosophy Study 2017年第10期7卷 521-531页

作者： Tom Vinci Dalhousie University

Our objectives in this paper are, first, to identify several puzzling aspects of the ＂Trilemma Argument＂ of Section 6 against the Sense Datum Theory; second, to resolve these puzzles by reconstructing the Trilemma Argument; third to point to a distinction Sellars makes between two versions of the Sense Datum Theory, the ＂nominalist＂ version and the ＂realist＂ version; fourth, to reconstruct Sellars＇s arguments against both; and, finally, to fmd in an earlier paper, ＂Is There a Synthetic A Priort？＂ that his argument against the second version, assumed but not actually given in EPM, is against property realism and depends on taking language expressing propositional perception as fundamental and language expressing non-propositional perception as incomplete and derivative from the former.

关键词： Wilfiid Sellars epistemology sense data foundationalism the given positivism empiricism and the philosophy of mind perception empiricism properties realism nominalism

对总体的反抗与超越的经验主义——论罗森茨威格对列维纳斯的贡献

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基督教文化学刊 2021年第1期45卷 180-199页

作者：林华敏西南大学哲学系

导言罗森茨威格(Franz Rosenzweig)与列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)是现代犹太神哲学的两个重要人物。列维纳斯在哲学与神学许多思想主题上深受罗森茨威格的影响,最为突出的一点是"反抗总体"(opposition to the idea of totality)。列维... 详细信息

导言罗森茨威格(Franz Rosenzweig)与列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)是现代犹太神哲学的两个重要人物。列维纳斯在哲学与神学许多思想主题上深受罗森茨威格的影响,最为突出的一点是"反抗总体"(opposition to the idea of totality)。列维纳斯多次在其著作和访谈中明确罗森茨威格在这个主题上给予的贡献,①并在三篇文章中专门介绍和解读罗森茨威格,反复强调罗森茨威格在反抗总体上对自己的影响。

关键词： Franz Rosenzweig Emmanuel Levinas Totality Transcendence empiricism

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从英国经验论的实体观看其演变的内在逻辑

Paradigms and Methodologies for Knowledge Building

外国哲学 2000年第6期 87-90页

作者：崔永杰

近代英国经验论的演变从根本上讲是其实体观的演变。实体观的演变，无疑与经验论者逐渐将经验论原则坚持到底，愈来愈片面地强调经验的作用有关；但更为深刻的原因还在于实体范畴本身存在着一定的弊端及产生演变的契机。客观地评价英国... 详细信息

近代英国经验论的演变从根本上讲是其实体观的演变。实体观的演变，无疑与经验论者逐渐将经验论原则坚持到底，愈来愈片面地强调经验的作用有关；但更为深刻的原因还在于实体范畴本身存在着一定的弊端及产生演变的契机。客观地评价英国经验论的演变这一历史现象，要深刻认识经验论者的认识错误，要充分肯定其对人类认识进一步发展的积极影响。

关键词：经验论实体不可知论 empiricism substance agnosticism

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Review of Educational Theory 2018年第3期1卷 70-81页

作者： Josep Gallifa FPCEE Blanquerna Ramon Liull University Barcelona 08022 Spain

A diversity of methodologies can be utilized for knowledge building in social sciences, particularly in education. Nevertheless, in order to give meaning to the research findings and progressively create theories, an awareness of the epistemological framework appears to be necessary. The aim of this article is to present the main epistemological paradigms and their coherent correspondence with respective ontologies and corresponding methodologies. This article supports and describes four paradigms or epistemological traditions: logic empiricism, constructivism, conceptualism or Aristotelian tradition, and phenomenology. Understanding the diverse possible epistemologies as well as the coherence with methodologies is a necessary step for presenting well-informed research. Knowledge building requires comparison, replication, generalization or integration of results in theories, and all these processes need the critical instance of the epistemological and methodological coherence. Additionally some concrete examples of methodologies have been detailed to illustrate the diversity of available ways of knowledge building in education. The Review of Educational Theory, as a new journal that aims to create a scientific community, will increase the research quality by enhancing the epistemological and methodological awareness of their pieces of research.

关键词： Knowledge building Epistemologies Research methodologies Ontologies Logic empiricism Constructivism Aristotelian tradition Phenomenology

A Feeling for Literature:Empirical Stylistics

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2015年第2期1卷 121-136页

作者： David S.Miall University of Alberta

In this paper I examine the contribution of feelings to the reader's literary understanding,focussing on aspects of response that have been studied through the use of empirical methods.I first provide a review of several components of feeling that have been found of importance in literary reading.I then focus on the role of feelings at several different *** the level of the stylistics of the text I consider studies of response to foregrounding and phonetic *** an intermediate level I look at a study of how feelings help to characterize episodes in *** I present a study at the largest scale(comprising a whole short story) of the role of feeling in elaborating an unreliable narrator,working largely through the comments of one *** a whole,the paper offers evidence for the range and variety of literary phenomena that draw on the capacities of feeling.

关键词： stylistics empiricism feelings foregrounding phonetic iconicity episodes unreliable narrator ambiguity

The Practical Historical Approach:A Review of the Principles and Methods of Fact-First History

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World History Studies 2022年第2期9卷 1-14页

作者： Jonathan McGovern Nanjing University NanjingJiangsu ProvinceP.R.China

This article defines and defends"the practical historical approach",a long-established approach to history which prizes the critical treatment of sources and,above all else,the presentation and assessment of accurate information about the *** approach appreciates the value of historical fact in its own right,not just when it furnishes an opportunity to build theories or to prove *** article does not aim to make a theoretical case for empiricist history,arguing instead that the old philosophy-driven debates about empiricism have little bearing on the practice of historical research and *** prefers to make a practical defence of certain critical methods and habits of thought which are now sometimes dismissed as *** draws on a series of historians'handbooks dating from 1889 to 1980,in which the methods and principles of the practical approach were worked out and refined,and it identifies the main principles and techniques of this approach,many of which derive from the German“scientific"historical tradition,and which furnish historians with a powerful apparatus for critically analyzing *** article also has a polemical angle,arguing that the practical historical approach could profitably be taught more consciously inuniversities.

关键词： Historical Method Scientific History empiricism Geoffrey Elton

The Relevance of Vygotsky＇s Developmental Perspective to the Debate on Methodology in Psychological Science

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2012年第8期2卷 515-526页

作者： Marie Santiago-Delefosse University of Lausanne

Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.

关键词： objectivism/subjectivism development empiricism crisis in psychology Lev S. Vygotsky

Claude Bernard’s experimental method of head and hand

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2023年第2期5卷 1-10页

作者： James Marcum Department of Philosophy Baylor UniversityWacoTexas 76789U.S.A.

According to Claude Bernard,each of the sciences investigates different natural phenomena using experimental methods unique to that science,especially experimental ***,Bernard also argued that these sciences share a“common”experimental method that depends on both the“head”and the“hand”.What he accomplished with his common method is to combine both rationalism and empiricism-head and hand,respectively-to undergird the unity of the experimental sciences while maintaining their ***’s experimental method as articulated in terms of the rational head and the empirical hand metaphor is relevant today to the unity of science *** debate,as well as to the rationalism *** debate and to the hypothesis-driven ***-driven science debate-each of which is explored in turn after briefly reconstructing Bernard’s philosophy of experimental *** his metaphor of head and hand provides a means for examining the natural and biomedical sciences as they evolve with regard to specialization.

关键词： experimental medicine empiricism rationalism

Theoretical Sources of Charles Morris' s Semiotics

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第4期2卷 100-115页

作者： lianglin zhang Changshu Institute of Technology China

Charles Morris constructs his semiotics on the basis of scientific empiricism. The latter is the combination of three schools of thought, namely, formalism, empiricism and pragmatism. The former similarly consists of three parts, i.e., syntactics, semantics and pragmatics. The three philosophical schools of thought contribute to the three major components of Morris' s semiotics.

关键词： semiotics scientific empiricism syntactics semantics pragmatics formalism empiricism pragmatism

Father Joseph Lelarge de Lignac, a French Oratorian and a Friend of Reaumur against Buffon

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2015年第7期5卷 356-360页

作者： Olivier Perru Universite Lyon 1

Father Joseph-Adrien Lelarge de Lignac was born in Poitiers （France） in the year 1697. He died in Paris in 1762. In 1731, he was ordained priest and he became an oratorian the following year. His Letters to an American is an attempt to refute Buffon and Condillac; this book was prepared in collaboration with Rraumur （J. Roger, P. Charbonnat）. Here, we present some elements of the correspondence between Lignac and Rraumur which show a scientific dialogue about 1736-1748 and we try to bring some foundations of the thought of Lignac to light. Between empiricism and ontology, Lignac stands up for scientific questions being subject to literal reading of the Bible. But Lignac is also the first one to perceive a way of thinking in Buffon Natural History （T. Hoquet）. According to him, the thought of Buffon is a deviation in an order of knowledge, because Natural History would especially be based on observation and experiment. So in this paper, we emphasize two original sources in the thought of Father de Lignac： Malebranche philosophy and his collaboration with Reaumur.

关键词： Reaumur Buffon Malebranche Ontology empiricism Natural History