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Alcohol and drug use disorders in adult attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder:Prevalence and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第9期10卷 202-211页

作者： Espen Anker Jan Haavik Trond Heir Oslo ADHD clinic Oslo 0366Norway Department of Biomedicine University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University HospitalBergen 5021Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine University of OsloOslo 0316Norway

BACKGROUND High risk of alcohol and drug use disorders in people with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)calls for exploratory research of relationships with clinical features of ADHD.AIM To estimate prevalence of alcohol/drug use disorders and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation,in adults with ADHD.METHODS This observational cross-sectional clinical study consisted of patients admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo,Norway(2014-2018).Five-hundred and fifty-eight eligible patients diagnosed with ADHD(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)criteria)agreed to participate.Alcohol and drug use disorders were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI).Dependence and abuse were merged into“use”disorder as in MINI version 7.0/DSM-5.Questions were related both to lifetime and the past 12-mo.ADHD severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale(ASRS).Subdivisions of the ASRS questionnaire as inattentive items and hyperactive/impulsivity items were recorded separately.emotional dysregulation was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behavior Scale-Self Report.RESULTS The 12-mo prevalence was 5.3%for alcohol use disorder and 13.7%for drug use disorder.The lifetime prevalence was 12.0%for alcohol use disorder and 27.7%for drug use disorder.Men had higher rates of both alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder compared to women.The prevalence of drug use disorder was more than twice that of alcohol use disorder for both sexes.The drugs most participants reported having used were(in descending order):Amphetamine(19.1%),cannabis(17.1%),cocaine or ecstasy(7.4%),benzodiazepines(7.4%),and heroin or other opioids(2.9%).Lifetime drug use disorder was significantly associated with both hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and emotional dysregulation symptom severity.Lifetime alcohol use disorder,on the other hand,was not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms or emotional dysregu

关键词： Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Adult ADHD Self Report Scale emotional dysregulation Substance use disorder Alcohol use disorder Drug use disorder

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Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness with mental health during pregnancy: The GESTAFIT project

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 379-386页

作者： Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon Pedro Acosta-Manzano Irene Coll-Risco Lidia Romero-Gallardo Milkana Borges-Cosic Fernando Estevez-Lopez Virginia A.Aparicio PROFITH“PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity”Research Group Sport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)Department of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Sport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS) University of GranadaGranada 18007Spain Department of Psychology Faculty of Social and Behavioral SciencesUtrecht UniversityCS Utrecht 3584the Netherlands Department of Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of GranadaGranada 18011Spain

Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)of pregnancy.Methods:From 229 women initially contacted,124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017.The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time.A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness.Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being(i.e.,negative affect,anxiety,and depression),and psychological well-being(i.e.,emotional intelligence,resilience,and positive affect).Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,educational level,accelerometer wear time,miscarriages,and low back pain.Results:Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression(b=0.222,adjusted R2=0.050,p=0.041).Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect(b=0.260,adjusted R2=0.085,p=0.017).Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation(b=0.195,adjusted R2=0.030,p=0.047).The remaining associations were not significant(all p>0.05).Conclusion:An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women.Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise,the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women.If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research,physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.

关键词： ActiGraph GT3X emotional dysregulation Psychological health Sedentary behavior Stretching

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Effects of prolonged methylphenidate treatment on amygdala reactivity and connectivity:a randomized controlled trial in stimulant treatment-naive,male participants with ADHD

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Psychoradiology 2021年第3期1卷 152-163页

作者： Antonia Kaiser Marco A.Bottelier Michiel B.de Ruiter Michelle M.Solleveld Hyke G.H.Tamminga Cheima Bouziane Hilde M.Geurts Ramon J.L.Lindauer J.J.Sandra Kooij Paul J.Lucassen Anouk Schrantee Liesbeth Reneman Amsterdam UMC University of AmsterdamDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands 2University Medical Center GroningenChild Study CenterAccareGroningen9713GZthe Netherlands 3Netherlands Cancer InstituteDivision of Psychosocial Research and EpidemiologyAmsterdam1066CXthe Netherlands 4University of AmsterdamDutch Autism&ADHD Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyAmsterdam1018WTthe Netherlands 5Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamDepartment of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdam1105AZthe Netherlands 6Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent PsychiatryLevvelAmsterdam1076ECthe Netherlands 7Expertise Center Adult ADHDPsyQThe Hague2512VAthe Netherlands 8Amsterdam UMCVrije UniversiteitAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteDepartment of PsychiatryAmsterdam1105AZthe Netherlands 9University of AmsterdamBrain Plasticity GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesAmsterdam1012WXThe Netherlands

Background:Problems with emotional processing are widely reported in individuals with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Although methylphenidate(MPH)effectively alleviates inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD,its effects on emotional processing and internalizing symptoms have remained elusive.While we previously found that acute MPH administration modulated neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in an age-dependent manner,the effects of prolonged administration remained unknown.Objectives:Therefore,we investigated:(i)whether prolonged MPH treatment influences neural substrates(amygdala reactivity and connectivity)of emotional processing,and(ii)whether these effects are modulated by age.Methods:The“effects of Psychotropic drugs On Developing brain-MPH”(“ePOD-MPH”)randomized controlled trial was a 16-week double-blind,placebo-controlled,multi-center trial with MPH in 50 boys(10–12 years of age)and 49 men(23–40 years of age),all stimulant treatment-naive and diagnosed with ADHD.Participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.We assessed their symptoms of ADHD and internalizing symptoms at baseline,during the trial(8 weeks),and 1 week after the trial end(17 weeks).Results and Conclusions:We did not find effects of prolonged MPH treatment on emotional processing,as measured by amygdala reactivity and connectivity and internalizing symptoms in this trial with stimulant treatment-naive participants.This differs from our findings on emotional processing following acute MPH administration and the effects of prolonged MPH treatment on the dopamine system,which were both modulated by age.Interestingly,prolonged MPH treatment did improve ADHD symptoms,although depressive and anxiety symptoms showed a medication-independent decrease.Furthermore,our data indicate that baseline internalizing symptoms may be used to predict MPH treatment effects on ADHD symptoms,particularly in(male)adults with ADHD.

关键词： ADHD fMRI emotional dysregulation internalizing symptoms amygdala face-matching paradigm

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