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Assessments on emergy and greenhouse gas emissions of internal combustion engine automobiles and electric automobiles in the USA

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 297-309页

作者： Ran Jing Chen Yuan Hamidreza Rezaei Jin Qian Zhen Zhang College of Natural Resources and Environment Joint Institute for Environmental Research&EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland at College ParkMD20742USA Research&Development Institute in Shenzhen&School of Natural and Applied Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China

Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results in challenging greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and environmental *** paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emissions and emergy of the life cycle for the internal combustion engine(ICE)and electric automobiles in the USA over the entire assumed fifteen-year *** hotspots of GHG emissions as well as emergy indices for the major processes of automobile life cycle within the defined system boundaries have been *** potential strategies for reducing GHG emissions and emergy in the life cycle of both ICE and electric automobiles were further *** on the current results,the total GHG emissions from the life cycle of ICE automobiles are 4.48 E+07 kg CO2-e which is320 times higher than that of the electric *** hotspot area of the GHG emissions from ICE and electric automobiles are operation phase and manufacturing process,*** results were observed that comparable total emergy of the ICE automobiles and electric automobiles have been calculated which were 1.54 E+17 and 2.20 E+17 sej,*** on emergy index evidenced a better environmental sustainability of electric automobiles than ICE automobiles over the life cycle due to its higher *** the authors’knowledge,it is the first time to integrate the analysis of GHG emissions together with emergy in industrial area of automobile *** is expected that the integration of emergy and GHG emissions analysis may provide a comprehensive perspective on eco-industrial sustainability of automobile engineering.

关键词： emergy emergy Index Electric automobiles Greenhouse gas emissions Internal combustion engine automobiles

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emergy evaluation of aromatics production from methanol and naphtha

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第6期35卷 134-141页

作者： Siyue Ren Xiao Feng School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Aromatics are traditionally produced by the catalytic reforming of ***,with the demand of aromatics increasing and the reserves of petroleum resources declining,measures should be made to reduce the dependence of aromatics production on petroleum ***-to-aromatics is proved to be an effective way to replace traditional naphtha-to-aromatics *** order to compare the economic and environmental performance of aromatics production from naphtha and methanol,this paper carries out an emergy evaluation for each system by sorting out the simulation and literature *** on the emergy data collected,the emergy indices of each system are *** results show that the sustainabilities of methanol-to-aromatics systems are higher than that of the naphtha-toaromatics system,indicating the advantages of aromatics production from *** the methanol-to-aromatics systems,the aromatics from biomass-methanol system has the highest sustainability,indicating that the biomass based methanol-to-aromatics system is worth *** sustainability indexes of methanol-to-aromatics systems based on coal and coke oven gas are less than 1,which means ***,the sustainability of natural gas based system is slightly higher than *** economic and environmental benefits of these systems can be optimized by improving resource utilization and reducing investment ***,the combination of different raw materials for methanol production should be considered.

关键词： Aromatics production Naphtha Methanol emergy Sustainability

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emergy evaluation of the contribution of irrigation water, and its utilization, in three agricultural systems in China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 325-337页

作者： Dan CHEN Zhaohui LUO Michael WEBBER Jing CHEN Weiguang WANG Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China (Ministry of Education) College of Water Conservancy and Hvdrooower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Department of Resource Management and Geography The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

emergy theory and method are used to evaluate the contribution of irrigation water, and the process of its utilization, in three agricultural systems. The agricultural systems evaluated in this study were rice, wheat, and oilseed rape productions in an irrigation pumping district of China. A corresponding framework for emergy evaluation and sensitivity analysis methods was proposed. Two new indices, the fraction of irrigation water （FIW）, and the irrigation intensity of agriculture （IIA）, were developed to depict the contribution of irrigation water. The calculated FIW indicated that irrigation water used for the rice production system （34.7%） contributed more than irrigation water used for wheat （5.3%） and oilseed rape （11.2%） production systems in a typical dry year. The wheat production with an IIA of 19.0 had the highest net benefit from irrigation compared to the rice （2.9） and oilseed rape （8.9） productions. The transformities of the systems＇ products represented different energy efficiencies for rice （2.50E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1）, wheat （1.66E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1） and oilseed rape （2.14E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1） production systems. According to several emergy indices, of the three systems evaluated, the rice system had the greatest level of sustainability. However, all of them were less sustainable than the ecological agricultural systems. A sensitivity analysis showed that the emergy inputs of irrigation water and nitrogenous fertilizer were the highest sensitivity factors influencing the emergy ratios. Best Management Practices, and other agroecological strategies, could be implemented to make further improvements in the sustainability of the three systems.

关键词： emergy evaluation irrigation agriculture,sustainability

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emergy evaluation of a pumping irrigation water production system in China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第1期8卷 131-141页

作者： Dan CHEN Zhaohui LUO Michael WEBBER Jing CHEN Weiguang WANG Key Laboratory &Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China (Ministry of Education) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Department of Resource Management and Geography The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

The emergy concept was used to evaluate a pumping irrigation water production system in China. A framework for emergy evaluation of the significance of irrigation water and its production process was developed. The results show that the irrigation water saved has the highest emergy value （8.73E ＋ 05 sej. J-1）, followed by the irrigation water supplied to farmlands （1.72E ＋ 05 sej.J-1）, the pumped water （4.81E＋04sej.-1）, with the lowest value shown from water taken from the local river （3.72E ＋04sej.j1）. The major contributions to the emergy needed for production are the inputs of soil and water. This production system could contribute to the irrigated agriculture and economy, according to several calculated emergy indices： emergy yield ratio （EYR）, emergy investment ratio （EIR）, environmental load ratio （ELR）, and environmental sustainability index （ESI）. The com- parative analysis shows that the emergy theory and method, different from the conventional monetary-based analysis, could be used to evaluate irrigation water and its production process in terms of the biophysical account. Additional emergy evaluations should be completed on different types of water production and irrigated agricul- tural systems to provide adequate guidelines for the sustainability of irrigation development.

关键词： emergy evaluation irrigation water

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emergy footprint evaluation of hydropower projects

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第9期56卷 2336-2342页

作者： WU JianHua HE ChengLong XU WeiLin College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University

In the past thirty years, various hydropower projects, some with a dam height of over 300 m, have been planned and constructed within China. It is inevitable that these will have sizable effects on the environment, and it is crucial therefore to reasonably evaluate and control adverse effects. In this paper, the transformities of various items for hydropower projects were systematically analyzed, and an emergy footprint model for the projects was developed based on ecological footprint analyses and emergy theory, so that it can quantitatively evaluate the effects on the environment, both positive and negative, resulting from the whole process of planning, constructing and operating the projects. As an example, the effects of a large-scale hydropower project, the 'LP project', were investigated. The results showed that the hydropower projects have strong positive effects on the environment and can even in the short term balance the emergy footprint appropriation resulting from the construction and operation of the hydropower projects. Finally, suggestions were presented for the design of hydropower projects.

关键词： ecological footprint emergy emergy footprint model environment hydropower project transformity

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New emergy indices for sustainable development

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第4期15卷 562-569页

作者： LUHong-fang LANSheng-fang LILei PENGShao-lin SouthChinaInstituteofBotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650China. SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity Guangzhou510642China)

The emergy indices for the evaluation of system's sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development(EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases are conducted. The first one is to compare three different dike pond agro ecological engineering modes, which are: melon melon cabbage four domestic fishes(mode Ⅰ), melon melon cabbage pig four domestic fishes (mode Ⅱ) and melon melon cabbage pig four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. ( mode Ⅲ). The result is that the EISD of mode Ⅰ is 0.53. ModeⅡ's EISD is 5.26 times of mode Ⅰ, and mode Ⅲ's EISD is 6.83 times of mode Ⅰ. The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000. The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social\|economic effect at the same time.

关键词： indices emergy sustainable development

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emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1994年第4期6卷 432-439页

作者： Lan ShengfangDepartment of Biology, South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642, ChinaHoward T. Odum(Environmental Engineering Sciences , University of Florida .Gainesville, FL 32611 , USA)

An environment-economy systems analysis of Hong Kong has been carried out using a newmeasure emergy for evaluating its environmental resource basis and economy as well as its international e-conomic relations for recommending a sustainable development. emergy is the total energy uf one kind re-quired directly and indirectly to form a resource, product or service. It provides a common basis for mea-surement of the value of environment and economy.A preliminary analysis of emergy contributions supporting the system of Hong Kong is presented inthis paper.

关键词： emergy solar transformity environmental resource Hong Kong.

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A joint use of emergy evaluation, carbon footprint and economic analysis for sustainability assessment of grain system in China during 2000–2015

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2822-2835页

作者： WANG Xiao-long WANG Wei GUAN Yue-shan XIAN Yuan-ran HUANG Zhi-xin FENG Hai-yi CHEN Yong College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University

The rapid growth of grain yield in China accelerates a discussion on whether the grain system in China is sustainable. To answer the question, a comprehensive assessment from economic and environmental points is necessary. This study jointly used economic analysis(ECA), emergy evaluation(EME) and carbon footprint(CF) to analyze the environmental and economic sustainability of the grain production system in China based on the national statistical data during 2000–2015. Results showed that the costs of maize, wheat, rice and soybean had increased by 252-346% from 2000 to 2015, causing the lower profit of grain system in recent years. The situation resulted in a serious problem on economic sustainability of grain system in China. Meanwhile, the emergy sustainability index(ESI) of maize, wheat, rice and soybean systems were increasing during 2000–2015, and the CF on unit yield of the crops had been reduced by 10-30% in the study period. The results reflected the improved environmental sustainability of grain system in China during 2000–2015. Nevertheless, the emergy flow of industrial inputs for the crops were increased by 4-22% in the study period, and the CF from the inputs presented a growth rate of 16-23% as well during the same period. The results implied that the grain system in China was relying more on fossil-based inputs. Finally, according to the key points of cost, emergy and CF, we suggest that improving labor efficiency, advanced agricultural practices and optimizing cropping pattern will be effective ways to further improve the economic and environmental sustainability of grain system in China.

关键词： grain sustainability emergy profit carbon footprint time-series

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Greening the Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from emergy evaluation of China’s provincial trade with ASEAN countries

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tian Joseph Sarkis Wei Chen Yong Geng Haozhi Pan Zuoxi Liu Sergio Ulgiati SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA School of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a central policy within China’s regional development and foreign trade *** trade has typically depended on economic valuation of resources,while the embedded environmental value is rarely *** situation exists in most BRI trade *** address BRI environmental sustainability issues,we consider the role of pivotal Chinese provinces and their key trade partners(ASEAN countries)as an illustration for the environmental value of resource *** accounting is used as the valuation tool for a sample period of seventeen *** results include:(1)emergy valuations show sustainability of sample provinces decreased over time;(2)ASEAN countries such as Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam play significant resource roles for provincial economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in trade between pivotal provinces and ASEAN countries resulted in an unbalanced trade structure from *** implications are proposed to promote a more globally sustainable and fair trade using BRI as an established trade policy.

关键词： International trade emergy Belt and road initiative Environmental sustainability Province

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emergy analysis of ecosystem at reclamation area

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2008年第2期14卷 299-302页

作者：陈秋计姚顽强 Department of Surveying Engineering Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China College of Surveying and Land Information EngineeringHenan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China Department of Surveying Engineering Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China

The emergy theory was used to analyze the emergy structure of the ecosystem at reclamation area in order to find the problem existed in the reclamation ecosystem through compared with the modern *** research results show that the propor- tion of assistant emergy input into the system is higher which indicate that the productivity of reclamation land has not resumed and a lot of assistant emergy needed to improve the *** ecosystem overly depend on chemical fertilizer,which is bad to agricul- tural ecosystem;the agricultural ecosystem in reclamation area belongs to traditional agriculture because the main power come from manpower and the usage of organic ferti- lizer is little,through compare the index of emergy with modern agriculture,the value of EyR and ED in reclamation area is less than the modern agriculture.

关键词： emergy ecosystem reclamation

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