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Anticipation and Response: emergency services in Severe Weather Situations in Germany

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第1期9卷 116-128页

作者： Thomas Kox Catharina Lüder Lars Gerhold Interdisciplinary Security Research Institute of Computer Science Freie Universitat Berlin Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research Optimal Use of Weather Forecasts

Communicating meteorological uncertainty allows earlier provision of information on possible future events. The desired benefit is to enable the end-user to start with preparatory protective actions at an earlier time based on the end-user's own risk assessment and decision threshold. The presented results of an interview study,conducted with 27 members of German civil protection authorities, show that developments in meteorology and weather forecasting do not necessarily fit the current practices of German emergency services. These practices are mostly carried out based on alarms and ground truth in a superficial reactive manner, rather than on anticipation based on prognoses or forecasts. emergency managers cope with uncertainty by collecting, comparing, and blending different information about an uncertain event and its uncertain outcomes within the situation assessment to validate the information. emergency managers struggle most with an increase of emergency calls and missions due to the impacts of severe weather. Because of the additional expenditures, the weather event makes it even harder for them to fulfill their core duties. These findings support the need for impact-based warnings.

关键词： emergency services Forecast uncertainty Germany Weather warning response Weather warnings

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Multi-Agent Based Stochastic Dynamical Model to Measure Community Resilience

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第3期3卷 262-286页

作者： Jaber Valinejad Lamine Mili C.Natalie Van Der Wal Data and System Science Lab Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechNorthern Virginia CenterFalls ChurchVA 22043USA Department of Multi-Actor Systems Faculty of TechnologyPolicy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelft2600 AAthe Netherlands.

emergency services and utilities need appropriate planning tools to analyze and improve infrastructure and community resilience to disasters.Recognized as a key metric of community resilience is the social well-being of a community during a disaster,which is made up of mental and physical social health.Other factors influencing community resilience directly or indirectly are emotional health,emergency services,and the availability of critical infrastructures services,such as food,agriculture,water,transportation,electric power,and communications system.It turns out that in computational social science literature dealing with community resilience,the role of these critical infrastructures along with some important social characteristics is not considered.To address these weaknesses,we develop a new multi-agent based stochastic dynamical model,standardized by overview,design concepts,details,and decision(ODD+D)protocol and derived from neuro-science,psychological and social sciences,to measure community resilience in terms of mental and physical well-being.Using this model,we analyze the micro-macro level dependence between the emergency services and power systems and social characteristics such as fear,risk perception,informationseeking behaviour,cooperation,flexibility,empathy,and experience,in an artificial society.Furthermore,we simulate this model in two case studies and show that a high level of flexibility,experience,and cooperation enhances community resilience.Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

关键词： community resilience collective behavior emergency services power systems critical infrastructures artificial society overview,design concepts,details,and decision(ODD+D) cyber-physical-social system

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United States trauma system: Maryland focus

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emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 73-75页

作者： Shailvi Gupta Anthony Tannous Thomas Scalea Shock Trauma Center Program in Trauma Capital Region HealthUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA Shock Trauma Center Program in Trauma University of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA

Traumatic injury is a public health epidemic within the United States.The growth of trauma systems within the United States has saved countless lives as trauma care continues to improve nationally.This article briefly looks at the history of trauma systems with in the United States,focusing on the Maryland system,one of the nation’s first statewide,regionalized and organized trauma systems.

关键词： emergency services Trauma care Trauma system

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Impacts as Triggers for Weather-Related Decision Making: Observations at the Berlin Fire Brigade Control and Dispatch Center

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 610-615页

作者： Thomas Kox Catharina Lüder Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin12165BerlinGermany Hans-Ertel-Center for Weather Research Berlin 12165BerlinGermany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München80333MunichGermany

This article presents the results of a series of ethnographic observations at the Berlin fire brigade control and dispatch center during routine and severe weather situations.The weather-related challenges of a fire brigade lie between the anticipation of events and their potential consequences,and the ad hoc reactions to actual impacts of weather.The results show that decisions and actions related to high impact weather are not necessarily motivated by weather warnings alone.Instead,they are reactions to the experience of impacts,for example,an increased number of missions or emergency calls.Impacts are the main trigger for the decision making.Weather is one additional external factor that influences the operational capability of a fire brigade.While commanding officers in a fire brigade control and dispatch center experience weather primarily through technical equipment,verified by ground truth,observations showed that direct personal contact with the regional weather service and colleagues on the ground takes on a greater role in actual severe weather situations.The observations point to the need for increased interagency communication between the emergency services,the weather service,and other organizations to integrate weather information,impacts,and non-weather-related tasks into coherent weather-related decision making.

关键词： Berlin emergency services Fire brigades Impact-based emergency response Interagency communication Weather-related decision making

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Diagnostic value of ABCD2 and ABCD3-Ⅰ risk scoring systems in determining one-month risk of stroke in patients with transient ischemic attack: An observational study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2023年第5期12卷 192-197页

作者： Tuncay Aslan Serkan Emre Eroğlu Mehmet Muzafferİslam SerdarÖzdemir Gökhan Aksel Abdullah Algın Department of emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey

Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of the ABCD2 and ABCD3-栺scoring systems in predicting the development of a 30-day neurological event in adult patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA)presenting to the emergency department.Methods:The study was observational and prospective and was conducted in a single center.The diagnostic values of the ABCD2 and ABCD3-栺scores in predicting a neurological event within one month were compared in patients diagnosed with TIA in the emergency department.Results:A statistically significant difference was observed between groups with or without stroke within one month in terms of both the ABCD2 and ABCD3-栺scores(P=0.044 and P=0.029,respectively).There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without a recurrent TIA within one month in relation to the ABCD2 score(P=0.934),but a statistically significant difference was found in the ABCD3-栺scores of these groups(P<0.001).Conclusions:Both the ABCD2 and ABCD3-栺scoring systems could predict ischemic stroke within 30 days of TIA,the ABCD3-栺score is more effective than the ABCD2 score in the prediction of TIA recurrence.

关键词： Transient ischemic attack Stroke emergency services Risk reduction behavior Risk assessment Risk factors

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The STORMI Scenario Designer: A Program to Facilitate Setting Up Agent-Based Simulations of Major Incident emergency Response

The STORMI Scenario Designer: A Program to Facilitate Settin...

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2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on emergency Management and ManagementSciences(ICEMMS 2012)

作者： Glenn I.Hawe Duncan T.Wilson Graham Coates Roger S.Crouch School of Engineering and Computing Sciences Durham University Durham UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781467319942

Compared to live exercises, agent-based simulation is an inexpensive method to perform ’what-if’ style experiments of emergency response. However, the lack of a user-friendly interface often prevents such software being widely adopted by practitioners. This paper describes the STORMI Scenario Designer, a program designed specifically to facilitate practitioners in setting up agent-based simulations of emergency scenarios.

关键词： Designers emergency RESPONSE emergency services simulating Event driven simulation Emergencies computer software

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面向突发公共卫生事件的大学图书馆应急服务研究

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图书馆学情报学 2021年第1期

作者：郭亚军杨紫楠杨志顺

突发公共卫生事件中如何开展应急服务是大学图书馆目前亟待解决的重要问题。由此，本研究构建了面向突发公共卫生事件的应急服务体系，基于这一体系，采用网站访问、社交媒体访问、内容分析等方式，对我国137家“双一流”大学图书馆进... 详细信息

突发公共卫生事件中如何开展应急服务是大学图书馆目前亟待解决的重要问题。由此，本研究构建了面向突发公共卫生事件的应急服务体系，基于这一体系，采用网站访问、社交媒体访问、内容分析等方式，对我国137家“双一流”大学图书馆进行调研，了解疫情信息发布、校外电子资源访问途径、免费电子资源整合、远程参考咨询服务、线上学科服务、“无接触”纸质文献传递等应急服务情况，提出大学图书馆提升应急服务水平的具体对策：提供应急信息服务，优化数字资源服务，完善参考咨询服务，加强教育培训服务，落实应急响应管理，实施社会救灾支援，注重可持续发展。

关键词：应急服务大学图书馆公共卫生事件新冠肺炎 emergency services Academic Libraries Public Health Emergencies COVID-19

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