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emergency contraception:What is new?

World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第4期4卷 95-101页

作者： Sefa Kelekci Serpil Aydogmus Ataturk Research and Training Hospital Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of MedicineIzmir Katip Celebi University

Unintended pregnancy rates remain high throughout the World and increase the risk of poor maternal and infant *** of unintended pregnancies occur in women who were not using contraceptionor who became pregnant despite the reported use of *** who have had recent unprotected intercourse including those who have had another form of contraception fail are potential candidates for this *** used em-ergency contraceptive methods are pills that contain combined estrogen-progesterone,only progestin,antiprogestins and copper intrauterine *** most common form of this type of contraception is oral progestin-only pills(levonorgestrel).The most effective method is copper intrauterine devices followed by anti-progestins and oral progestin-only *** major pathogenesis of oral emergency contraceptives is the prevention or delay of *** conception is possible on only a few days of the cycle,emergency contraception is offered when indicated without regard to the timing of the menstrual cycle because of uncertainty in the timing of the *** and E/P regimes are most effective as soon as possible after unprotected sexual intercourse.A linear relationship has been shown between ef-fectiveness and the time of *** effectiveness continues for 120 h,but it is recommended to be used within 72 h after *** devices may prevent pregnancy when 5 d after ovulation.

关键词： emergency contraception Levonorgestrel Mifepristone Ovulation Ulipristal acetate

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Perception and Practice of emergency contraception among Female Undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

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Journal of Reproduction and contraception 2009年第2期20卷 113-121页

作者： Folasade Adenike Bello Oladapo Olayemi Adeniran Olubukola Fawole Olayinka Oladunjoye Ogunbode Tolulope Sobukunola Olubukola Adeponle Adesina Christopher Aimakhu Michael Abiola Okunlola Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Objective To assess perception and level of proper utilization of emergency contraception （EC） among female undergraduates. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed on 383 female undergraduates in Nigeria in June 2006. Data analysis was with Z-square test and logistic regressions （P 〈O. 05）. Results One hundred and five （48.2%） had been sexually exposed. Only 32 （30.5%） used regular contraception. Seventy-three （24.3%）female undergraduates were aware of EC. Only 29 （7.6%） had used EC before. Most would not use emergency contraceptive drugs in future due to lack of awareness （64.8%）, and fear for future fertility and of drugs being injurious to health. Use of EC was associated with awareness of correct interval for use （OR=9.1; 95%CI： 2.1-39.9）. Conclusion There is poor knowledge about EC and poor use, while significant need remains. Most knowledge was acquired from peers and inaccurate. Peer educators are important and professionals＇ knowledge needs improvement.

关键词： emergency contraception postcoital female undergraduates

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Investigation on Knowledge of and Attitude to emergency contraception among Induced-Abortion Women

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Journal of Reproduction and contraception 1998年第2期9卷 94-102页

作者：楼超华赵双玲高尔生

Based on the data from the survey of 6O6 women who went to three MCHs ofShanghai for induced abortion, women's knowledge of and attitude to emergency con-traception (EC) were analyzed. The results showed that 28.5% of the subjects wereaware of EC. Among them, 97 1% were aware of emergency pill. The main re-sources of their knowledge were from books, newspapers, magazines and relatives orfriends. Women's exact knowledge of EC was insuffcient. The younger, well-edu-cated women were more likely to be aware of EC. 85.5% of the subjects were willingto use EC when needed. Women who had knowledge EC and were in the first preg-nancy were more willing to use this method. Most women prefrred to use emergencypill and thought drug store was the most appropriate place in which to acquire it. Theresult implied that, in order to decrease the rate of induced abortion, it is urgent tocommunicate EC to the public and to produce emergency pills to be accessible for use.

关键词： emergency contraception Knowledge Attitude

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Call to Improve Women’s Awareness Regarding emergency contraception in Arab Societies

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Journal of Human Physiology 2020年第2期2卷 6-10页

作者： Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing Department Faculty of NursingBeni-Suef UniversityEgypt

Birth spacing means allowing three years or more between two children or two ***,contraceptive prevalence among married women has increased from 30 percent in the early 1960s to 58 percent in *** ISLAM,the Quran had clearly Indicated the proper time span which should elapse between the birth of one child and the *** carrying of the child(pregnancy)to Fissal is(weaning)a period of thirty months.

关键词： Birth spacing emergency contraception Awareness

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Use of biological and chemical molecules in regulating embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第4期6卷 234-242页

作者： Xian Chen Shu-Ya Sun Ernest Hung-Yu Ng Raymond Hang-Wun Li William Shu-Biu Yeung Kai-Fai Lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology LKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053China

This review summarizes the drugs and chemicals that may modulate embryo ***-hormonal molecules,including aspirin,improved endometrial blood flow,while low molecular weight heparin,vitamin E,sildenafil,and atosiban modulated the expression of endometrial *** factors,including human chorionic gonadotropin and growth hormones,can regulate the expression of endometrial receptivity *** immunomodulatory molecules,including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,autologous platelet-rich plasma,and intralipid and intravenous immunoglobulins,may improve implantation rate by modulating endometrial immune *** extracts of the Chinese herbs Paeonia lactiflora and Perilla frutescens increased the expression of leukemia inhibitory factors in endometrial epithelial ***,the use of the commercially available Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds with a high-throughput screening method has provided an approach to screen for compounds that may potentially enhance or suppress embryo *** these biomedical findings translate into clinical effects that enhance or suppress embryo implantation requires further investigation.

关键词： Embryo implantation Endometrial receptivity fertilization Repeated implantation failure Birth control emergency contraception

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