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Energy Efficient Scheduler of Aperiodic Jobs for Real-time embedded systems

International Journal of Automation and computing 2020年第5期17卷 733-743页

作者： Hussein El Ghor El-Hadi MAggoune University Institute of Technology Lebanese UniversityLebanon Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems(SNCS)Research Center UTSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department University of Tabuk Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems(SNCS)Research Center 71491 TabukSaudi Arabia

Energy consumption has become a key metric for evaluating how good an embedded system is,alongside more performance metrics like respecting operation deadlines and speed of *** improvement is no longer the only metric by which optimality is *** fact,energy efficiency is becoming a preferred choice with a fundamental objective to optimize the system's *** this work,we propose an optimal energy efficient scheduling algorithm for aperiodic real-time jobs to reduce CPU energy ***,we apply the concept of real-time process scheduling to a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling(DVFS)*** address a variant of earliest deadline first(EDF)scheduling algorithm called energy saving-dynamic voltage and frequency scaling(ES-DVFS)algorithm that is suited to unpredictable future energy production and irregular job *** prove that ES-DVFS cannot attain a total value greater than C/ˆSα,whereˆS is the minimum speed of any job and C is the available energy *** also investigate the implications of having in advance,information about the largest job size and the minimum speed used for the competitive factor of *** show that such advance knowledge makes possible the design of semi-on-line algorithm,ES-DVFS∗∗,that achieved a constant competitive factor of 0.5 which is proved as an optimal competitive *** experimental study demonstrates that substantial energy savings and highest percentage of feasible job sets can be obtained through our solution that combines EDF and DVFS optimally under the given aperiodic jobs and energy models.

关键词： Real-time systems energy efficiency aperiodic jobs scheduling dynamic voltage scaling low-power systems embedded systems

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Modeling and Analysis of Scheduling for Distributed Real-time embedded systems

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第4期7卷 525-530页

作者： Hai-Tao Zhang Gui-Fang Wu Electronic and Information Engineering College Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 PRC

Aimed at the deficiencies of resources based time Petri nets （RBTPN） in doing scheduling analysis for distributed real-time embedded systems, the assemblage condition of complex scheduling sequences is presented to easily compute scheduling length and simplify scheduling analysis. Based on this, a new hierarchical RBTPN model is proposed. The model introduces the definition of transition border set, and represents it as an abstract transition. The abstract transition possesses all resources of the set, and has the highest priority of each resource; the cxecution time of abstract transition is the longest time of all possible scheduling sequences. According to the characteristics and assemblage condition of RBTPN, the refinement conditions of transition border set are given, and the conditions ensure the correction of scheduling analysis. As a result, it is easy for us to understand the scheduling model and perform scheduling analysis.

关键词： embedded systems modeling time Petri nets scheduling analysis

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Aspect-Oriented Design Method for embedded systems Based on Timed Statecharts

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China Communications 2013年第9期10卷 33-42页

作者：文欣秀虞慧群郑红 Department of Computer Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Computer Software Evaluating and Testing

The formal modelling and verification method has become an effective way of improving the reliability and correctness of complex,safety-critical embedded *** are widely used to formally model embedded applications,but they do not realise the reasonable separation of system concerns,which would result in code scattering and ***-Oriented Software Development(AOSD)technology could separate crosscutting concerns from core concerns and identify potential problems in the early phase of the software development life ***,the paper proposes aspect-oriented timed statecharts(extended timed statecharts with AOSD)to separately model base functional requirements and other requirements(e.g.,scheduling,error handling),thereby improving the modularity and development efficiency of embedded ***,the dynamic behaviours of embedded systems are simulated and analysed to determine whether the model satisfies certain properties(e.g.,liveness,safety)described by computation tree logic ***,a given case demonstrates some desired properties processed with respect to the aspect-oriented timed statecharts model.

关键词： embedded systems model check-ing timed statecharts computation tree logic

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Exploitation and Application of U-boot Based on AT91SAM9G45 embedded systems

Exploitation and Application of U-boot Based on AT91SAM9G45 ...

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“智慧城市和绿色IT”2011年通信与信息技术新进展——第八届中国通信学会学术年会

作者： Quancheng Liu College of Communication and Electronics Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang,China

Based on a high-performance ARM embedded industrial measurement and control system,and made use of ATMEL corporation AT91SAM9G45 industrial processor for development ***,analyze U-boot general structure for more ***,give to its design process and ideas of realization in embedded SBC6045 hardware system of ***,it is provided with its parts of core code and experiment results of display as a reference.

关键词： embedded systems U-boot embedded Linux ARM

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Event-Triggered Feedback Scheduling of embedded Control systems

Event-Triggered Feedback Scheduling of Embedded Control Syst...

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第一届建立和谐人机环境联合学术会议（HHME2005）

作者： XIA Feng+, SUN You-Xian (National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

embedded control systems are playing an important role in pervasive computing. To attack computing resource constraint and workload uncertainty, an event-based approach to feedback scheduling of embed

关键词： Feedback scheduling embedded systems event-triggered real-time control

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Low-Cost embedded Controller for Complex Control systems

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2013年第1期11卷 89-95页

作者： Long-Hua Ma Xiao-Long Shi Hui Li Zhe-Ming Lu Meng Shao the School of Information Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Ningbo Institute of Technology the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang University the Computer Center Hangzhou First People's Hospital

Because of limited resource of embedded platforms, the computational complexity of advanced control algorithms raises significant challenges for the use of embedded systems in complex control field. A Scilab/Scicos based embedded controller is developed on which various control software can be easily modeled, simulated, implemented, and evaluated to meet the ever-expanding requirements of industrial control applications. Built on the Cirrus Logic EP9315 ARM systems-on-chip board, this embedded controller is possible to develop complex embedded control systems that employ advanced control strategies in a rapid and cost-efficient fashion. Due to the free and open source nature of the software packages used, the cost of the embedded controller is minimized.

关键词： Complex control embedded systems Scilab system optimization system-on-chip.

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A Survey of Language-Based Approaches to Cyber-Physical and embedded System Development

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第2期20卷 130-141页

作者： Paul Soulier Depeng Li John R. Williams University of Hawaii Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical systems （CPS） that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language- based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

关键词： cyber-physical systems embedded systems programming languages type systems

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embedded fuzzing:a review of challenges,tools,and solutions

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Cybersecurity 2022年第4期5卷 1-18页

作者： Max Eisele Marcello Maugeri Rachna Shriwas Christopher Huth Giampaolo Bella Safety Security and PrivacyRobert Bosch GmbHRenningenGermany Dept.of Math and Computer Science Universita degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly RBEl Robert Bosch GmbHBangaloreIndia.

Fuzzing has become one of the best-established methods to uncover software ***,the market of embedded systems,which binds the software execution tightly to the very hardware architecture,has grown at a steady pace,and that pace is anticipated to become yet more sustained in the near *** systems also beneft from fuzzing,but the innumerable existing architectures and hardware peripherals complicate the development of general and usable approaches,hence a plethora of tools have recently *** comes a stringent need for a systematic review in the area of fuzzing approaches for embedded systems,which we term'embedded fuzzing"for *** inclusion criteria chosen in this article are semi-objective in their coverage of the most relevant publication venues as well as of our personal *** review rests on a formal definition we develop to represent the realm of embedded *** continues by discussing the approaches that satisfy the inclusion criteria,then defines the relevant elements of comparison and groups the approaches according to how the execution environment is served to the system under *** resulting review produces a table with 42 entries,which in turn supports discussion suggesting vast room for future research due to the limitations noted.

关键词： embedded systems Dynamic analysis Vulnerability mining embedded security Software security

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Non-iterative parameter estimation of the 2R-1C model suitable for low-cost embedded hardware

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020年第3期21卷 476-491页

作者： Mitar SIMI? Zdenka BABI? Vladimir RISOJEVI? Goran MSTOJANOVI? Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Banja LukaBanja Luka 78000Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi SadNovi Sad 21000Republic of Serbia

Parameter estimation of the 2 R-1 C model is usually performed using iterative methods that require high-performance processing ***,there is a strong motivation to develop less time-consuming and more power-efficient parameter estimation *** low-complexity algorithms would be suitable for implementation in portable microcontroller-based *** this study,we propose the quadratic interpolation non-iterative parameter estimation(QINIPE)method,based on quadratic interpolation of the imaginary part of the measured impedance,which enables more accurate estimation of the characteristic *** 2 R-1 C model parameters are subsequently calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the measured impedance using a set of closed-form *** analysis conducted on the impedance data of the 2 R-1 C model obtained in both simulation and measurements shows that the proposed QINIPE method reduces the number of required measurement points by 80%in comparison with our previously reported non-iterative parameter estimation(NIPE)method,while keeping the relative estimation error to less than 1%for all estimated *** non-iterative methods are implemented on a microcontroller-based device;the estimation accuracy,RAM,flash memory usage,and execution time are *** show that the QINIPE method slightly increases the execution time by 0.576 ms(about 6.7%),and requires 24%(1.2 KB)more flash memory and just 2.4%(32 bytes)more RAM in comparison to the NIPE ***,the impedance root mean square errors(RMSEs)of the QINIPE method are decreased to 42.8%(for the real part)and 64.5%(for the imaginary part)of the corresponding RMSEs obtained using the NIPE ***,we compared the QINIPE and the complex nonlinear least squares(CNLS)estimation of the 2 R-1 C model *** results obtained show that although the estimation accuracy of the QINIPE is somewhat lower than the estimation accuracy of the CNLS,

关键词： 2R-1C model embedded systems Parameter estimation Non-iterative methods Quadratic interpolation

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Review on Cyber-physical systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第1期4卷 27-40页

作者： Yang Liu Yu Peng Bailing Wang Sirui Yao Zihe Liu Department of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai Automatic Test and Control Institute Harbin Institute of Technology

Cyber-physical systems CPS are complex systems with organic integration and in-depth collaboration of computation, communications and control 3C technology. Subject to the theory and technology of existing network systems and physical systems, the development of CPS is facing enormous challenges. This paper first introduces the concept and characteristics of CPS and analyzes the present situation of CPS researches. Then the development of CPS is discussed from perspectives of system model, information processing technology and software design. At last it analyzes the main obstacles and key researches in developing CPS. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

关键词： Complex networks Computation theory Data processing embedded systems Information science

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