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Innovative Services for electric mobility Based on Virtual Sensors and Petri Nets

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第9期10卷 1845-1859页

作者： Agostino Marcello Mangini Michele Roccotelli Department of electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic University of BariBari 70126Italy

About 60%of emissions into the earth’s atmosphere are produced by the transport sector,caused by exhaust gases from conventional internal combustion *** effective solution to this problem is electric mobility,which significantly reduces the rate of urban *** use of electric vehicles(EVs)has to be encouraged and facilitated by new information and communication technology(ICT)*** help achieve this goal,this paper proposes innovative services for electric vehicle users aimed at improving travel and charging *** goal is to provide a smart service to allow drivers to find the most appropriate charging solutions during a trip based on information such as the vehicle’s current position,battery type,state of charge,nearby charge point availability,and *** particular,the drivers are supported so that they can find and book the preferred charge option according to time availability and the final cost of the charge points(CPs).To this purpose,two virtual sensors(VSs)are designed,modeled and simulated in order to provide the users with an innovative service for smart CP searching and *** particular,the first VS is devoted to locate and find available CPs in a preferred area,whereas the second VS calculates the charging cost for the EV and supports the driver in the booking phase.A UML activity diagram describes VSs operations and cooperation,while a UML sequence diagram highlights data exchange between the VSs and other electromobility ecosystem actors(CP operator,EV manufacturer,etc.).Furthermore,two timed Petri Nets(TPNs)are designed to model the proposed VSs,functioning and interactions as discrete event *** Petri Nets are synchronized by a single larger TPN that is simulated in different use cases and scenarios to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed VSs.

关键词： Charge point booking electric mobility EV charging Petri Net virtual sensor

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Model-Based Quantification of Load Shift Potentials and Optimized Charging of electric Vehicles

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第5期4卷 398-408页

作者： Tobias Hahn Martin Schonfelder Patrick Jochem Vincent Heuveline Wolf Fichtner Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany Chair of Energy Economics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany University of Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelbergGermany

Managing the charging process of a large number of electric vehicles to decrease the pressure on the local electricity grid is of high interest to the utilities. Using efficient mathematical optimization techniques, the charging behavior of electric vehicles shall be optimally controlled taking into account network, vehicle, and customer requirements. We developed an efficient algorithm for calculating load shift potentials defined as the range of all charging curves meeting the customer’s requirements and respecting all individual charging and discharging constraints over time. In addition, we formulated a mixed integer linear program (MIP) applying semi-continuous variables to find cost-optimal load curves for every vehicle participating in a load shift. This problem can be solved by e.g. branch-and-bound algorithms. Results of two scenarios of Germany in 2015 and 2030 based on mobility studies show that the load shifting potential of EV is significant and contribute to a necessary relaxation of the future grid. The maximum charging and discharging power and the average battery capacity are crucial to the overall load shift potential.

关键词： electric mobility Load Shifting Charging Management Optimization

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