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electric field and force characteristic of dust aerosol particles on the surface of high-voltage transmission line

Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 368-378页

作者：刘滢格李兴财王娟马鑫孙文海 School of Physics Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China Xinhua College of Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021China School of Electronic-electrical Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

High-voltage transmission lines play a crucial role in facilitating the utilization of renewable energy in regions prone to desertification. The accumulation of atmospheric particles on the surface of these lines can significantly impact corona discharge and wind-induced conductor displacement. Accurately quantifying the force exerted by particles adhering to conductor surfaces is essential for evaluating fouling conditions and making informed decisions. Therefore, this study investigates the changes in electric field intensity along branched conductors caused by various fouling layers and their resulting influence on the adhesion of dust particles. The findings indicate that as individual particle size increases, the field strength at the top of the particle gradually decreases and eventually stabilizes at approximately 49.22 k V/cm, which corresponds to a field strength approximately 1.96 times higher than that of an unpolluted transmission line. Furthermore,when particle spacing exceeds 15 times the particle size, the field strength around the transmission line gradually decreases and approaches the level observed on non-adhering surface. The electric field remains relatively stable. In a triangular arrangement of three particles, the maximum field strength at the tip of the fouling layer is approximately 1.44 times higher than that of double particles and 1.5 times higher compared to single particles. These results suggest that particles adhering to the transmission line have a greater affinity for adsorbing charged particles. Additionally, relevant numerical calculations demonstrate that in dry environments, the primary adhesion forces between particles and transmission lines follow an order of electrostatic force and van der Waals force. Specifically, at the minimum field strength, these forces are approximately74.73 times and 19.43 times stronger than the gravitational force acting on the particles.

关键词： high-voltage current electric field aerosol particles force characteristic

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electric field manipulation of magnetic skyrmions

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Rare Metals 2022年第12期41卷 4000-4014页

作者： Ya-Dong Wang Zhi-Jian Wei Hao-Ran Tu Chen-Hui Zhang Zhi-Peng Hou Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Material and Technology&Institute for Advanced Materials South China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808China Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Magnetic skyrmions are vortex-like swirling spin textures that are promising candidates for carrying information bits in future magnetic memories or logic *** build skyrmionic devices,researchers must electrically manipulate magnetic skyrmions to enable easy integration into modern semiconductor *** operation generally uses a spin-polarized current,which unavoidably causes high energy dissipation and Joule ***,the electric-field strategy is a hopeful alternative for electrically manipulating the skyrmions due to the strategy’s negligible Joule heating and low energy *** this review,we systematically summarize the theoretical and experimental development of the electricalfield manipulation of magnetic skyrmions over the past *** review the following magnetic systems and physical mechanisms:(ⅰ)ultra-thin multilayer films with accumulation and release of interfacial charge,(ⅱ)singlephase multiferroic material with magneto-electric coupling,(ⅲ)ferromagnetic/ferroelectric(FM/FE)multiferroic heterostructure with magneto-elastic ***,we consider future developmental trends in the electric-field manipulation of magnetic skyrmions and other topological magnetic domain structures.

关键词： Magnetic skyrmion electric field Low energy cost Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI)

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electric field controlled superlubricity of fullerene-based host–guest assembly

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 583-588页

作者： Shanchao Tan Hongyu Shi Xin Du Kunpeng Wang Haijun Xu Junhua Wan Ke Deng Qingdao Zeng Yuhong Liu State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology(NCNST)Beijing 100190China College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310012China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Controlling friction by the electric field is a promising way to improve the tribological performance of a variety of movable mechanical *** this work,the assembly structure and microscale superlubricity of a host–guest assembly are effectively controlled by the electric *** the help of the scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)technique,the host–guest assembly structures constructed by the co-assembly of fullerene derivative(Fluorene-C60)with macrocycles(4B2A and 3B2A)are explicitly *** with density functional theory(DFT),the distinct different assembly behaviors of fullerene derivatives are revealed at different probe biases,which is attributed to the molecular polarity of the fullerene *** the control on the adsorption behavior,the friction coefficient of host–guest assembly is demonstrated to be controllable in the electric field by using atomic force microscopy(AFM).At positive probe bias,the friction coefficient of the host–guest assembly is significantly reduced and achieves superlubricity(μmin=0.0049).The efforts not only help us gain insight into the host–guest assembly mechanism controlled by the electric field,but also promote the further application of fullerene in micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS).

关键词： superlubricity electric field friction control fullerene derivative host-guest assembly

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electric field effect in ultrathin zigzag graphene nanoribbons

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第7期24卷 356-359页

作者：张文星刘云霄田华许军伟冯琳 Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of EducationPhysics DepartmentTaiyuan University of Technology

The electric field effect in ultrathin zigzag graphene nanoribbons containing only three or four zigzag carbon chains is studied by first-principles calculations, and the change of conducting mechanism is observed with increasing in-plane electric field perpendicular to the ribbon. Wider zigzag graphene nanoribbons have been predicted to be spin-splitted for both valence band maximum（VBM） and conduction band minimum（CBM） with an applied electric field and become half-metal due to the vanishing band gap of one spin with increasing applied field. The change of VBM for the ultrathin zigzag graphene nanoribbons is similar to that for the wider ones when an electric field is applied. However, in the ultrathin zigzag graphene nanoribbons, there are two kinds of CBMs, one is spin-degenerate and the other is spin-splitted, and both are tunable by the electric field. Moreover, the two CBMs are spatially separated in momentum space. The conducting mechanism changes from spin-degenerate CBM to spin-splitted CBM with increasing applied electric field. Our results are confirmed by density functional calculations with both LDA and GGA functionals, in which the LDA always underestimates the band gap while the GGA normally produces a bigger band gap than the LDA.

关键词： electric field density functional theory zigzag nanoribbon

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electric field Analysis of Space Charge Injection from a Conductive Nano-Filler Electrode

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第7期27卷 237-240页

作者：肖春张冶文郑飞虎魏雯婕 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics Tongji University Shanghai 200092

A simulation on the electric field distribution near the electrode is proposed to explain the reason for using nanosized carbon black mixed with ethylene vinyl acetate, as the electrode could lead to more charge injection into the polymer than using a deposited metal electrode. The electrode is simplified to a layer of conductive semi-spheres with fixed size and constant electric potential. By using the finite element method, it is found that both the size of the semi-spheres and the distance between adjacent semi-spheres could dramatically influence the electric field near the surface of the spheres; these are considered to be the two decisive factors for the charge injecting rate at electrodes of various materials.

关键词： electric field Electrodes fields electricity Uses Injection Dimensions

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electric field-driven folding of single molecules

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第1期35卷 499-504页

作者： Saisai Yuan Yu Zhou Tengyang Gao Lichuan Chen Wei Xu Ping Duan Juejun Wang Zhichao Pan Chun Tang Yang Yang Ruiyun Huang Zongyuan Xiao Wenjing Hong State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Folding of molecules is an essential process in nature,and various molecular machines achieve their chemical and mechanical function via controlled folding of molecular *** electric field offers a unique strategy to drive the folding of molecular conformation and to control charge transport through single molecules but remains *** single-molecule break junction technique provides access to detect the conformational changes via the monitoring of single-molecule conductance,and the electric field between two metal electrodes with nanoscale spacing can provide an extremely strong to achieve in-situ control and detection of molecular folding at the single-molecule ***,we use the electric field to control the single-molecule folding using the scanning tunneling microscope break junction(STM-BJ)*** electric fields induced folding could lead to a∼1400%conductance change of the single-molecule junctions,and the folding/unfolding process can be in-situ switched at the scale of *** calculations suggest the conformational control originates from the electric fieldinduced charge injection,and the formation of homoconjugated conformation with the overlapped *** work provides the first demonstration of electric field-driven molecular folding,which is essential for the understanding of molecular machines in nature and for the design of artificial molecular machines.

关键词： electric field Single-molecule Break junction Molecular folding In-situ switch

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electric field distribution in 75 kA drained aluminum reduction cell

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Journal of Central South University 2010年第1期17卷 62-67页

作者：李相鹏李劼赖延清陈江高增梁刘业翔 College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering Central South University

Current distribution in a drained aluminum reduction cell is critical due to its influence on the current efficiency, electrolysis stability, anodes and cathodes integrity. A finite element model was developed to simulate the electric field in a 75 kA drained aluminum reduction cell. The current distribution and influences of the cathode inclination angle and anode-cathode distance (ACD) were studied. The results show that relatively large horizontal current density appears in the aluminum film, and the maximum value reaches 600 kA/m2. As the cathode inclination angle increases from 2° to 15°, the maximum current density of the metal pad increases by 15%, while the maximum current density of the aluminum-wettable coating layer decreases by 27%. The influence of the ACD on the current distribution is not obvious.

关键词： drained aluminum reduction cell electric field finite element model cathode inclination angle anode-cathode distance

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electric field induced magnetization reversal in magnet/insulator nanoheterostructure

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第3期11卷 298-309页

作者： Qihua Gong Min Yi Bai-Xiang Xu Institute of Materials Science Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures&Key Lab for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education&College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(NUAA)NanjingChina

electric-field control of magnetization reversal is promising for lowpower *** in a magnet/insulator nanoheterostructure which is the fundamental unit of magnetic tunneling junction in spintronics,we demonstrate the electric field induced 180°magne-tization switching through a multiscale study combining firstprinciples calculations and finite-temperature magnetization *** the model nanoheterostructure MgO/Fe/Cu with insu-lator MgO,soft nanomagnet Fe and capping layer Cu,through firstprinciples calculations we find its magnetocrystalline anisotropy linearly varying with the electric *** finite-temperature magnetization dynamics which is informed by the first-principles results,we disclose that a room-temperature 180°magnetization switching with switching probability higher than 90%is achievable by controlling the electric-field pulse and the nanoheterostructure *** 180°switching could be fast realized within 5 *** study is useful for the design of low-power,fast,and miniaturized nanoscale electric-field-controlled spintronics.

关键词： Magnetization reversal nanoheterostructure electric field spintronics multiscale simulations switching probability

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electric field-driven Acid-base Transformation： Proton Transfer from Acid（HBr/HF） to Base（NH3/H2O）

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2015年第3期31卷 418-426页

作者： LIANG Hailong CHAI Baojie CHEN Guanghui CHEN Wei CHEN Sheng XIAO Hailan LIN Shujuan Department of Chemistry Shantou University Shantou 515063 P.R.China School of Technology Mudanjiang Normal University Mudanjiang 157012 P.R.China

The proton-transfer between ammonia/water and HF/HBr without and with the stimulus of external electric fields（Eext） was investigated with the ab initio calculations. When external electric field is applied, the proton transfer occurs, resulting in ion-paired HaN＋X- and H30＋X-（X--Br and F） from hydrogen-bonded complexes in view of the great changes of geometrical structures, dipole moments, frontier molecular orbitals and potential energy surfaces in the critical external electric fields（Ec） of 1.131 × 107 V/cm for H3N-HBr, 1.378× 108 V/cm for H3N-HF, 9.358×107 V/cm for H2O-HBr and 2.304×108 V/cm for H2O-HF, respectively. Furthermore, one or three excess electrons can trigger the proton transfer from H3N-HBr and H3N-HF to HaN＋Br- and H4N＋F-, while two and four excess electrons can induce the proton transfer from H2O-HBr and H2O-HF to H3O＋Br- and H30＋F-, respectively. Compared with that of the analogous NH3/H2O-HC1 systems, the strength of Ec of proton transfer increases from HBr to HCL and HF for either H3N-HX or H2O-HX series, which is understandable by the fact that the acidity sequence is HBr〉HCI〉HF. And the larger of acidity of conjugated acid, the smaller of needed Ec. On the other hand, the Ec for the systems of NH3 with a stronger basicity is generally smaller than that of H2O systems for the same con- jugated acid.

关键词： electric field Proton transfer H3N-HX and H2O-HX(X=Br and F) systems

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electric field optimized LDMOST using multiple decrescent and reverse charge regions

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第7期35卷 65-68页

作者：成建兵夏晓娟蹇彤郭宇峰于舒娟杨浩 School of Electronic Science & Engineering RF Integration and Micro Assembly Engineering LaboratoryNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications National Application-Specific Integrated Circuit ASIC System Engineering Research Center Southeast University

A lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor （LDMOST） with multiple n-regions in the p-substrate is investigated in detail. Because of the decrescent n-regions, the electric field distribu- tion is higher and more uniform, and the breakdown voltage of the new structure is increased by 95%, in comparison with that of a conventional counterpart without substrate n-regions. Based on the trade-off between the breakdown voltage and the on-resistance, the optimal number of n-regions and the other key parameters are achieved. Furthermore, sensitivity research shows that the breakdown voltage is relatively sensitive to the drift region doping and the n-regions＇ lengths.

关键词： LDMOST multiple decrescent and reverse charge regions electric field breakdown voltage on-resistance

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