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Groundwater Management at West el-minia Desert Area, Egypt Using Numerical Modeling

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第7期4卷 66-76页

作者： Ahmed A. Abdel Moneim José Paulino Fernández-Álvarez elsayed M. Abu el ella Ahmed M. Masoud Geology Department Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt Hydro-Geophysics and NDT Modeling Unit Polytechnic School of Mieres University of Oviedo Mieres Spain Geology Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt

Water shortage is the main problem facing any development in Egypt especially in the desert lands. River Nile is considered the main source of water in Egypt but its water covers only the area of flood plain where its tributaries do not reach to the desert. The desert fringes, west of el-minia governorate, Egypt, are areas of natural expansion for agricultural, industrial, and civil activities. This implies an increasing demand for groundwater. A numerical groundwater model is one of the main tools used for assessment of the resource potential and prediction of future impact under different circumstances and stresses. In this paper, a transient groundwater flow model in the desert district west of el-minia, Egypt, was developed. The conceptual model was built by analyzing the hydrogeological data and previous work. Steady state model of year 1990 was used to investigate and calibrate the parameters such as hydraulic conductivities, recharge and conductance of the surface water streams. The storage coefficients are calibrated by the transient model based on the available data observed from 1990 to 2013, which provides insights to understand the behavior of groundwater system in Quaternary Aquifer and to predict spatial-temporal distributions of groundwater levels and groundwater flow in responding to extraction of water. The calibrated transient model will be used to predict the impacts of desert development schemes and water resources management schemes on groundwater in the study area.

关键词： Groundwater Flow Model el-minia Groundwater Management Quaternary Aquifer

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Self-Medication among Adults in minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study

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Health 2017年第6期9卷 883-895页

作者： Eman R. Ghazawy Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Minia University Minia Egypt

Self-medication may be associated with side effects and increases the chance of drug interactions and also affects the adherence to treatment and quality of life. This study aims at determining the pattern of self-medication, identifying knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices concerning the usage of the drugs and identifying demographic factors that could influence self-medication practices among the general population in el-minia, Egypt. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected adults using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a structured interview questionnaire. Respondents who had practiced some sort of self-medication during the past month were 73% of the sample. The commonest cause of self-medication, illness, was perceived as minor (59.7%). The most common perceived illness for self-medication was common cold (90.6%). Older respondents (>40 years) were about twice more likely to practice self-medication than younger ones. Similarly, professionals in their work were 3.4 times more likely to practice self-medication than unemployed individuals. Self-medication is a relatively frequent problem in minia and interventions at different levels are required.

关键词： Self-Medication el-minia Cross-Sectional Irrational Antibiotics

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