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Impacts of el nino on the somatic condition of Humboldt squid based on the beak morphology

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第4期37卷 1440-1448页

作者： HU Guanyu YU Wei LI Bai HAN Dongyan CHEN Xinjun CHEN Yong LI Jianhua College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China School of Marine Sciences University of MaineOronoMaine 04469USA Collaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-water Fisheries Shanghai 201306China College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

The Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas has a short life span, and environmental variability plays a significant role in regulating its population dynamics and distribution. An analysis of 1 096 samples of D. gigas collected by the Chinese commercial fishing vessels during 2013, 2014, and 2016 off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone, was conducted to evaluate the impacts of el nino events on the somatic condition of D. gigas. This study indicates that the slopes of all beak variables in relation to mantle length (ML) for females were greater than those of males during 2013, 2014, and 2016, and slopes of the upper crest length and the lower rostrum length significantly differed between females and males in 2013 (P0.05). The Fulton's condition coefficients (K) of females and males in 2013 and 2014 were significantly greater than those in 2016 (Pel nino period, it tended to weaken the upwelling coupled with warm and low Chl a concentration waters. We suggest that the poor somatic condition of D. gigas during the el nino year was resulted from the low Chl a concentration in the waters, and the abundance of D. gigas would decrease due to the unfavourable environment and the lack of prey items in the el nino year.

关键词： el nino event Dosidicus gigas somatic condition abundance beak morphology

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The role of nonlinearities associated with air-sea coupling processes in el nino's peak-phase locking

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第11期56卷 1988-1996页

作者： DUAN WanSuo ZHANG Rui YU YanShan TIAN Ben LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Ocean Chinese Academy of Sciences

We use conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP） to investigate the optimal precursory disturbances in the Zebiak- Cane el nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） model. The conditions of the CNOP-type precursors are highly likely to evolve into el nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model. By exploring the dynamic behaviors of these nonlinear el nino events caused by the CNOP-type precursors, we find that they, as expected, tend to phase-lock to the annual cycles in the Zebiak-Cane model with the SSTA peak at the end of a calendar year. However, E1 nino events with CNOPs as initial anomalies in the linearized Zebiak-Cane model are inclined to phase-lock earlier than nonlinear E1 nino events despite the existence of annual cycles in the model. It is clear that nonlinearities play an important role in el nino＇s phase-locking. In particular, nonlinear temperature advection increases anomalous zonal SST differences and anomalous westerlies, which weakens anomalous upwelling and acts on the increasing anomalous vertical temperature difference and, as a result, enhances E1 nino and then delays the peak SSTA. Finally, we demonstrate that nonlinear temperature advection, together with the effect of the annual cycle, causes el nino events to peak at the end of the calendar year.

关键词： el nino event nonlinearity optimal perturbation numerical model

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A Comparative Study on the Dominant Factors Responsible for the Weaker-than-expected el Ni?o event in 2014

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第10期32卷 1381-1390页

作者： LI Jianying LIU Boqi LI Jiandong MAO Jiangyu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies

Anomalous warming occurred in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific in early May 2014, attracting much attention to the possible occurrence of an extreme E1 Nifio event that year because of its similarity to the situation in early 1997. However, the subsequent variation in sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） during summer 2014 in the tropical Pacific was evidently different to that in 1997, but somewhat similar to the situation of the 1990 aborted E1 Nifio event. Based on NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） oceanic and atmospheric reanalysis data, the physical processes responsible for the strength of E1 Nifio events are examined by comparing the dominant factors in 2014 in terms of the preceding instability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system and westerly wind bursts （WWBs） with those in 1997 and 1990, separately. Although the unstable ocean-atmosphere system formed over the tropical Pacific in the preceding winter of 2014, the strength of the preceding instability was relatively weak. Weak oceanic eastward-propagating downwelling Kelvin waves were forced by the weak WWBs over the equatorial western Pacific in March 2014, as in February 1990. The consequent positive upper-oceanic heat content anomalies in the spring of 2014 induced only weak positive SSTAs in the central-eastern Pacific-unfavorable for the subsequent generation of summertime WWB sequences. Moreover, the equatorial western Pacific was not cooled, indicating the absence of positive Bjerknes feedback in early summer 2014. Therefore, the development of E1 Nifio was suspended in summer 2014.

关键词： el nino event westerly wind burst instability of coupled ocean-atmosphere system positive Bjerknes feedback

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THE RelATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN el nino AND THE NOR-THERN OSCILLATION DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第4期37卷 312-316页

作者：陈烈庭 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080PRC

The Northern Oscillation (NO) is the east-west out-of-phase fluctuation in the sea level pressure (SLP)anomalies between the eastern and the western North Pacific. When the pressure is higher thantheaverage in the northeast Pacific, it is lower than the average in the southwest Pacific, and vice versa. The NO is symmetrical about the equator to the Southern Oscillation (SO) and located to the north of the equator; hence the name. Previous

关键词： the Northern Oscillation jump el nino event

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ANOMALIES OF THE BACKGROUND CIRCULATION OF THE IAP GCM MODel ATMOSPHERE IN AN el nino YEAR

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1991年第5期5卷 608-,616页

作者：王盘兴 K.M.Lau S.H.Shen Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing Goddard Space Flight Center NASAUSA Department of Meteorology University of MarylandUSA

Analysis is performed of the May-September mean circulation,referred to as the background circulation hereinafter,in the IAP(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Academia Sinica)GCM model atmosphere,It is found that in an el nino year there occur anomalies in a set of major systems,e.g.,Southetm Oscillation,Walker and Hadley circulations,the western Pacific subtropical high and ITCZ,2nd in large-scale precipitation,with their happening dominantly in the Northern Hemisphere tropical and subtropical latitudes in the western Pacific. These results that are in rough agreement with the analyzd actual observations demonstrate the applicabilities of the model to the study of low-latitude circulations.

关键词： GCM anomaly of atmospheric circulation el nino event

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Anomalous change of the Antarctic sea ice and global sea level change

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1996年第2期15卷 193-208页

作者： Xie Simei Zou Bing Wang Yi and Bao Chenglan (National Marine Environment Forecasting Center, State oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China) National Marine Environment Forecasting Center State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

In this paper, the long-term variation trend of the Antarctic sea ice in 1973～1994 and the inter-decade variation rule of the global sea level are analyzed. It is found that the sea ice area in the Antarctic in the 1980s was significantly less than in the 1970s and the average global sea level height value in the 1980s was also significantly higher than in the 1970s. Connecting variation of both and analyzing their physical mechanism, it indicates that the accumulated sea ice anomaly value in the 1980s less than in the 1970s means a global climate warming, the sea water temperature and air temperature were obviously higher in the 1980s it introduced the long-term accumulated sea ice decreased greatly; a higher sea water temperature introduced sea water volume expanding, and more icebergs transporting from the ice cover in the Antarctic continent to ocean in the warmer year. As a result induced by these multi-causes, the global sea level raised significantly in the 1980s. The global average sea level value in the 1980s, was 22 mm higher than in the 1970s. The sea level raising(SLR) was distributed unevenly. It is especially true in the Pacific Ocean with two expensive we level raising regions in the Northeast Pacific and Southeast Pacific as well as a raising region near the Bering Sea; and with two descent regions in the Northwest and Southwest Pacific. It is considered that this kind of uneven SLR distribution closely relates to the sustained decreasing of the Antarctic sea ice. The higher sea water tem This study was supported both by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contrast Nod 49376252 and by the National '85' Plan 'Key Project 903': 7th *** in the south ocean introduces a rather warmer water temperature of the Peru Cold Current which is a northward branch of the South Oceanic Current along the South American continent, then it is easier to the occurrence of el nino event. When el nino event occurs, the prevailed tropical easte

关键词： Antarctic sea ice global sea level long-term variation el nino event oceanic circulation

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The relationship between ENSO cycle and high and low-flow in the upper Yellow River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2003年第1期13卷 105-111页

作者： LANYongchao DINGYongjiang KANGErsi MAQuanjie ZHANGJishi ColdandAridRegionsEnvironmentalandEngineeringResearchInstitute CASLanzhou730000China LanzhouadministrativeOfficofHydrologyandWaterResourcesoftheUpperReachesoftheYellowRier Lanzhou730030China

Firstly, the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data, and effects of EI nino and La Ni na events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed. The results show el nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship wi th runoff in the upper Yellow River. As a whole, the probability of low fl ow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along wit h the occurrence of el nino event. Moreover, the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event. Besides, the results also show dissimilarity of el nino event occurri ng time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the uppe r Yellow River, that is, the probability of drought will be greater in the sam e year if el nino event occurs in spring, the high-flow may happen in this y ear if el nino occurs in summer or autumn; the longer the continuous period of el nino is, the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.

关键词： el nino event La Nina event the upper Yellow River high-flow and low-flow

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