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Predictions of Galapagos Volcanic Eruption, El Niño, ecuadorian Earthquake, Global Volcanic Eruption and Forest Fire by Sunspot Number

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Natural Science 2020年第1期12卷 12-27页

作者： Tai-Jin Kim Department of Chemical Engineering University of Suwon Hwasung-City South Korea

The earthquake number was correlated (R2 = 0.8781) with the volcano number in the East Pacific and Central American countries. The year of volcanic eruptions in the Galapagos Hot Spot (GHS) was proportional to the year of El Niño events (R2 = 0.9939) as well as to the year of earthquake events (R2 = 0.9943) in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru from 1977 to 2016. Therefore, there can be El Niño and earthquake events in Ecuador, Colombia and Peru if there are strong volcanic eruptions either from aboveground volcanoes or undersea seamounts in the GHS during the maximal sunspot number’s period. Global volcanic eruptions were occurred during the maximal temperature departure, the latter being reversely proportional (R2 = 0.4512) to the sunspot number from 1980 to 2019. Forest fires occurred in middle latitude countries (South Korea, California, western Russia, Australia) around 35 degree from Pacific Equator during La Niña events at the time of the minimal sunspot number. Since there were intense forest fires in South Korea, Australia and California in 2019, more are expected in 2030 due to the 11 year cyclical variation in the sunspot number. The sequence of forest fires can be schematically summarized as below. 1) La Niña event in Equator causes the low vapor pressure of water due to the low sea surface temperature (SST);2) There is the pumping of freshwater from the warm Pacific Ocean to cold Equator with simultaneous transfer of heat (warm Pacific Ocean to cold Equator) and mass (water enriched Pacific Ocean to water lean Equator);3) Strong winds from dry zone pass Mountains to cause the forest fires in the residential land with bushes and trees. 4) According to the Bernoulli’s principle, the pressure gradient between the high Mountains and the low Ocean, induces the decrease of static velocity gradient for vigorously upwards flares in the Mountains and the residential land during the forest fires, which may be why it is difficult to extinguish the forest

关键词： Prediction Volcanic Eruption ecuadorian Earthquake Forest Fire Sunspot Number

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Characterisation of Micrometeorological Parameters in ecuadorian Highland

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 455-462页

作者： Nelly Perugachi Cecilia Limaico Susana Cocha Arquímides Haro Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Riobamba Ecuador Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Riobamba Ecuador

The interaction among air and soil affects the dynamic in the atmospheric boundary layer, this research seeks to describe this variation in small scale, in the ecuadorian Highlands Regions and the variations produced due to its elevation and geographical position, using as base the Van Ulden and Hostlang (1985) models. From this research, there was a conclusion that the zone has strong fluids of sensitive heat and superficial heat with small variations in the latent fluid heat. Besides, there were significant variations of the Obukov length between 17:00 and 19:00, when the sunset occurs, producing a thermal inversion that modifies the atmospheric dynamic state, these results average vary during the day hours and are regulars in the daily and monthly average, in the research year, given the zone geographical position. The meteorological data utilized were taken from the meteorological station from Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo located in the ecuadorian Highlands.

关键词： Micrometeorology Atmospheric Parameters ecuadorian Highlands Air-Soil Interaction

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