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Computing payment for ecosystem services in watersheds: An analysis of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第12期23卷 2005-2012页

作者： Zhengju Dong Yan Yan Jing Duan Xiao Fu Qingrong Zhou Xiang Huang Xiangen Zhu Jingzhu Zhao Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China North Research Center for Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China Beijing 100085 China Bureau of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power of Shiyan City Hubei 442000 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that：（1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.

关键词： watershed payment for ecosystem services ecosystem services cost-benefit analysis Middle Route Project of South-to- North Water Diversion

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ecosystem services and legal protection of private *** or solution?

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第3期1卷 173-180页

作者： Katažyna Mikša Marius Kalinauskas Miguel Inácio Eduardo Gomes Paulo Pereira Environmental Management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilnius LT-08303Lithuania Institute of International and European Union Law Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilnius LT-08303Lithuania

ecosystem services(ES)delivery in quantity and quality are essential to improve human ***,often a considerable part of ES provisioning depends on the use of private land(e.g.,flood retention,carbon sequestration,water purification).In this context,the operationalization and implementation of ES concept may collide with legal property ***,it is essential to find constructive mechanisms to engage and encour-age private owners to implement sustainable land uses to reduce the onsite and offsite impacts of their *** paper aims to identify if ES delivery can be constrained by legal private land and how it can be *** is undeniable that land-use changes(e.g.,urbanization,agriculture intensification,and land abandonment)affect the territory’s capacity to deliver ES in quality and *** changes,especially land abandonment,are in-creasing the tradeoffs among ES(e.g.,between carbon sequestration and water yield).Land-use planning should consider these ***,incorporating ES into spatial plans is crucial for stakeholders to understand the impacts of land-use change in the loss of ES *** information can be transmitted through maps that communicate the message in a simplified *** owners can easily perceive the ES relevance that their land can provide if an understandable message is *** this can be a good solution,conflicts can appear even with the implementation of schemes such as Payment for ES(PES).PES is not always effective and can im-pose losses to farmers,disregard their cultural traditions,or not prevent poverty *** this context,it is crucial to consider local specificities to safeguard PES’s success,create a“win-win”and transform a problem into a *** owners’active participation in implementing sustainable practices or a determined land-use in their properties is vital to achieving global targets such as sustainable development goals.

关键词： ecosystem services Law Private land Sustainability Land-use change

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Profoundly entwined ecosystem services,land-use change and human well-being into sustainability management in Yushu,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1745-1765页

作者： LIU Mengxue GAO Ya WEI Hejie DONG Xiaobin ZHAO Bingyu WANG Xue-Chao ZHANG Peng LIU Ranran ZU Xinyu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Beijing Normal University Beijing100875China College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China School of Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China

The nexus exploration among land use/land cover change,ecosystem services and human well-being has been increasingly crucial in the context of Future ***,the spatial heterogeneity and the entwining process among these three aspects have not yet been in-depth and systematically *** we identified the spatiotemporal pattern of ecosystem services during the past 20 years in Yushu,the eco-fragile region and the centre of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,as well as clarified its relationships with land use change and human *** revealed that:(1)The structure of the ecosystem and land use in this area have been increasingly stable,and the ecological projects have exerted a positive impact.(2)Although the ecological environmental issues still need more attention,the ecosystem services of the area have been positively developing.(3)Derived by the ecosystem services increase,environmental projects and policies,the human well-beings of culture and education performed much better than other aspects.(4)It is crucial to carry out long-term ecological projects and increase educational investment for maintaining the stability of this ecologically fragile *** study provides significant support for the regional ecological sustainability decision making,especially for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the roof of the world.

关键词： eco-fragile region Land use/land cover change ecosystem services human well-being Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in shrublands of northern Patagonia

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Forest ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 621-634页

作者： Matías G.Goldenberg Facundo J.Oddi Juan H.Gowda Lucas A.Garibaldi Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos NaturalesAgroecología y Desarrollo RuralSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos NaturalesAgroecología y Desarrollo RuralSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina. Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMACONICET-Universidad Nacional del ComahueSan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina.

Background: Forest management has historically focused on provisioning of goods (e.g. timber, biomass), butthere is an increasing interest to manage forests also to maintain biodiversity and to provide other ecosystemservices (ES).Methods: We evaluated the effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and different ES in threecontrasting shrubland sites in northern Patagonia (Argentina). At each site, four harvesting treatments, representingvarious levels of harvest intensity, were randomly assigned to eight permanent sample plots of 31.5m× 45 mduring 2013–***: We found that the effects of increasing harvesting intensity on plant diversity changed from negative topositive (and from nonlinear to more linear responses) with increasing site productivity. Harvesting intensityshowed contrasting effects on variables related to fire protection ecosystem service, since it reduced fuel amount(potentially reducing fire spread) but also reduced live fuel moisture content (potentially increasing flammability) atthe three sites. Two variables related to soil formation and protection ES, leaf litter cover and aerial soil cover,decreased with harvesting intensity at the three ***: We conclude that shrubland management for firewood production may enhance biodiversity withoutcompromising certain important ES. The intensity of harvesting should be determined according to site conditionsand forecasted impacts on biodiversity, fire and soil formation and protection.

关键词： Temperate forest ecosystems Disturbance intensity Plant diversity ecosystem services

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Trade-offs and Synergies of ecosystem services in the Taihu Lake Ba- sin of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第1期28卷 86-99页

作者： QIAO Xuning GU Yangyang ZOU Changxin WANG Lei LUO Juhua HUANG Xianfeng School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Environmental Protection Nanjing 210042 China Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geography & Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Guizhou Institue of Environmental Sciences Research and Design Guiyang 550018 China

Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.

关键词： ecosystem services spatial pattern Principal Component Analysis trade-offs synergies Taihu Lake Basin (TLB)

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Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of ecosystem services in Central Asia

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： YAN Xue LI Lanhai State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Ili Station for Watershed ecosystem Research Chinese Academy of SciencesXinyuan 835800China CAS Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Urumqi 830011China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone Urumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Land use/land cover(LULC)change and climate change are two major factors affecting the provision of ecosystem services which are closely related to human ***,a clear understanding of the relationships between these two factors and ecosystem services in Central Asia is still *** study aimed to comprehensively assess ecosystem services in Central Asia and analyze how they are impacted by changes in LULC and *** spatiotemporal patterns of three ecosystem services during the period of 2000-2015,namely the net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,and soil retention,were quantified and mapped by the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA)model,Integrated Valuation of ecosystem services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model,and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE).Scenarios were used to determine the relative importance and combined effect of LULC change and climate change on ecosystem ***,the relationships between climate factors(precipitation and temperature)and ecosystem services,as well as between LULC change and ecosystem services,were further *** results showed that the high values of ecosystem services appeared in the southeast of Central *** the six biomes(alpine forest region(AFR),alpine meadow region(AMR),typical steppe region(TSR),desert steppe region(DSR),desert region(DR),and lake region(LR)),the values of ecosystem services followed the order of AFR>AMR>TSR>DSR>DR>*** addition,the values of ecosystem services fluctuated during the period of 2000-2015,with the most significant decreases observed in the southeast mountainous area and northwest of Central *** change had a greater impact on the NPP,while climate change had a stronger influence on the water yield and soil *** combined LULC change and climate change exhibited a significant synergistic effect on ecosystem services in most of Central ***,ecosystem services were more strongly and positively correlated with precipitation

关键词： ecosystem services land use/land cover change climate change net primary productivity water yield soil retention Central Asia

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Multi-scale coupling analysis of urbanization and ecosystem services supply-demand budget in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第2期33卷 340-356页

作者： ZHANG Fan XU Ning WANG Chao GUO Mingjing Pankaj KUMAR Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Economics and Management China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Land and Resources Strategy Research Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100812China Research Center of Resource and Environmental Economics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geography Delhi School of EconomicsUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110021India

Rapid economic development and human activities have severely affected ecosystem *** of the spatial distribution of areas of rapid urbanization is the basis for optimizing urban-ecological spatial *** paper evaluated the spatial distribution of urbanization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,and then quantified the ecosystem services(ES)budget in the region based on an ES supply and demand *** results showed that(1)urbanization patterns in the BTH region were relatively stable from 2000 to 2015,with clear patterns of low levels of urbanization in the northwest and high levels in the southeast;(2)areas with positive ES budget values were found throughout the region,except in built-up areas,with high ES supply areas concentrated in the northwest,and high ES demand areas in the southeast;(3)at both the county and prefecture-city levels,urbanization had negative,positive,and negative correlations with ES supply,demand,and budget,respectively;(4)the coupling coordination degree(CCD)increased,with high CCD values in the *** on these results,policy recommendations include strengthening rational land-use planning and ecosystem management,promoting the coordinated development of the economy and ecological function,and coordinating the provision of production-life-ecological functions.

关键词： urbanization ecosystem services supply-demand coupling Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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Assessment of ecosystem services of rice farms in eastern India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 435-450页

作者： A.K.Nayak Md Shahid A.D.Nayak B.Dhal K.C.Moharana B.Mondal R.Tripathi S.D.Mohapatra P.Bhattacharyya N.N.Jambhulkar A.K.Shukla Nuala Fitton Pete Smith H.Pathak ICAR-National Rice Research Institute CuttackOdisha 753006India Indian Institute of Soil Sciences NabibaghBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK.

Background:Rice is a major cereal crop and staple food of eastern India,and most farmers depend solely on rice for their *** farming provides both tangible and non-tangible benefits to ecosystems which need to be maintained and *** benefits are provided through ecosystem services(ES)that include both marketable and ***:In this study,the rice farms in eastern India were valued by quantifying the economic value of the services under conventional method of rice cultivation and the gap of ecosystem services value and farm income per unit area were assessed.A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study for selection of agro-climatic zones,districts,blocks,gram panchayat,and study units(households).Soil sampling was also performed for assessing the regulating services(biocontrol of pests,carbon flow,soil erosion,nitrogen fixation),provisioning services(food and by-products),and supporting services(soil fertility,hydrological flow,nutrient cycling,and soil formation).Results:The results indicated that the total economic value of ecosystem services ranged from US$1238 to 1688 ha−1 year−*** marketed(primary production)and non-marketed ecosystem services values ranged from 66–89 to 11–34%of the total,*** of some of the ecosystem services such as cultural services,biodiversity,and gas regulation,which may play a significant role in total ecosystem services,has not been made due to non-availability of data and appropriate methodology for rice *** values of parameters can explain the variability in ecosystem services among the agro-climatic zones in eastern *** of locations based on variability of ecosystem services helps in identifying intervention points for sustaining and improving ecosystem services,while permitting sustainable agro-ecological *** highest total economic gap between ES value and farm income was found in the north central plateau zone(US$

关键词： ecosystem services Rice farming Economic gap Payment for ecosystem services(PES)

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Quantifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecosystem services and livelihoods in China’s poverty-stricken counties

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第3期15卷 553-579页

作者： Lilei ZHOU Dongjie GUAN Xingzhong YUAN Mengjie ZHANG Weijun GAO Faculty of Architecture and Urban planning Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Key Lab of Three Gorges Reservoir Region Eco-Environment(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Faculty of Environmental Engineering University of KitakyushuKitakyushu 808-0135Japan College of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China

Understanding the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods is a prerequisite for poverty eradication and ecological protection in *** this paper,we intended to quantify the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in 717 poverty-stricken counties in ***,we identified distinct levels of ecosystem services and poverty respectively in the poverty-stricken areas based on the ecosystem services subsystem index and poverty livelihoods subsystem ***,we calculated the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between the ecosystem services and the poverty livelihoods in China^poverty-stricken counties from 2000 to ***,we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of the coupling between ecosystem services and poverty *** results indicate that the ecosystem services showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the poverty level showed an increased *** addition,the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in poverty-stricken counties was also improved from 2000 to ***,the coupling degree value or coupling coordination degree values in some counties or contiguous impoverished areas showed a decreased trend,the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods in those counties or areas was higher *** more,the coupling relationship in China's poverty-stricken counties was mainly intermediate conflict and low conflict,which need to improve in the ***,it is suggested that effective measures are required to lift ecosystem services out of the poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods.

关键词： ecosystem services poverty livelihoods coupling degree coupling coordination degree coupling relationship spatiotemporal characteristic

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Spatial distribution pattern in mammal and bird richness and their relationship with ecosystem services in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1662-1677页

作者： WAN Hua-wei LI Hao-xin WU Jin-hui LIU Yu-ping Satellite Environmental Application Center Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100094China College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266000China China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China

Species diversity exhibit a close relationship with ecosystem services, and making clear the relationship can help us understand the service value and functional mechanism of ecosystems and take measures to promote human well-being. Here, we used species survey data and multi-source habitat factors to simulate the spatial distribution of species richness and four types of ecosystem services(water production, net primary productivity, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Sanjiangyuan National Park located in Qinghai Province, China. We also analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and explored the spatial relationship between species richness and ecosystem services through Geo Detector analyses. We found that high species richness in Sanjiangyuan National Park was shown to be mainly distributed in areas with high vegetation growth on both sides of rivers. The effect of climate on the spatial distribution of species richness in the park is the highest among all the selected environmental variables. For the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem services, the relative correlation strength of single ecosystem service varied among the three main ecosystems(grassland, meadow, and wetland) and all relations are positive.

关键词： Sanjiangyuan National Park Species richness ecosystem services Spatial pattern Correlation

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