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economic　assessment　of　Planned　Projects　in　Highway　Network　Planning

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 1997年第1期7卷 74-79页

作者： YANG Zhaosheng JI Changxu Jilin University of Technology, Changchun, 130025,China

This paper presents a method of economic assessment for planned projects in the process of highway network planning. economic assessment method is being done on the basis of cost benefit analysis, and the cost and be... 详细信息

关键词： economic assessment highway network planning cost benefit analysis

Techno-economic assessment of energy generation through municipal solid waste:a case study for small/medium size districts in Pakistan

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第4期2卷 337-350页

作者： Ubaid Ur Rehman Zia Tanzeel ur Rashid Muzaffar Ali Waqas Nazir Awan Sustainable Development Policy Institute IslamabadPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan

There is an increase in annual waste generation due to urbanization,industrialization,and population *** waste management crisis in developing countries and its complexity from region to region has inspired extensive research work in this *** management not only results in environmental hazards,but it also causes significant socio-economic *** to the absence of comprehensive studies on waste to energy(WTE)assessment,this study assesses and reports the merits of alternative technologies for converting WTE in small and medium-size *** analysis for waste collection data in this study uses a pilot study approach to provide useful insights and waste classification.A cantonment district of Pakistan(Wah Cantt)has been used as a case study for performing a technological and economic assessment of energy generation through the use of thermal and biological treatment processes.A mathematical modeling approach has been adopted for generating an economic value of each technology through which this waste can be ***,the levelized cost of energy(LCOE)based assessment has been performed to provide a methodological framework for selecting the most feasible WTE technology in a small or medium-size *** on the model results,anaerobic digestion appears to be the most sustainable technology due to the organic nature of waste in Wah Cantt,land legislation,and availability of area to install a waste *** all the waste collected,the district can generate approximately 14.4 MW of energy through thermal treatment,19,110 m^(3) of daily biogas through anaerobic digestion,and 5 million tons of fertilizer through ***,if a proper supply chain is established for converting a portion of Pakistan’s annual waste generation,a significant amount of waste energy potential can be restored.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste to energy Levelized cost of energy Technological assessment economic assessment

Treatment Patterns and economic assessment of Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第9期7卷 646-655页

作者： Thomas H. Cartwright Lonnie K. Wen Robyn K. Harrell Patricia S. Fox Janet L. Espirito Ed Wang The US Oncology Network McKesson Specialty Health Houston TX USA Bayer Healthcare Whippany NJ USA

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The goal of this study was to understand treatment patterns, biomarker testing practices, treatment adherence, and the clinical and economic outcomes associated with chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively examined electronic health records of patients with metastatic CRC who initiated chemotherapy between 01 January 2007 and 30 June 2011, with follow-up to 30 June 2012. Parameters analyzed included demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and health care resource utilization. Results: In the analysis, 756 patients were included;median age was 61 years (55% male) at start of first line therapy. The most commonly used regimens in the first, second, and third line were FOLFOX + bevacizumab (46%), FOLFIRI + bevacizumab (23%), and irinotecan + cetuximab (23%) respectively. Adherence to guidelines decreased with increasing line of therapy. When assessed by treatment backbone categories in the third line, outcome measures including overall survival (OS), and time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) were not statistically different between groups. In the multivariable model, body mass index (BMI), performance status, and KRAS were significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: This study provides insight into patterns of care and outcomes of mCRC patients for the aforementioned time period. As treatment options for mCRC evolve, it is valuable to understand the continuum of care to help inform future treatment among candidates for continued therapy.

关键词： Metastatic Colorectal Cancer economic assessment Systemic Therapy Treatment Patterns

Optimization of Hydrocracking Process for Enhanced BTX Production from Coal Tar-Derived Hydrorefined Products

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2024年第1期26卷 139-151页

作者： Wu Hao Wei Hongyuan School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co. Ltd.Beijing 100083China

Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of *** study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derived from coal tar to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX).Various reaction conditions,including reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,space velocity,and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio,were systematically explored to optimize BTX yields while also considering the process’s economic *** results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature from 360℃ to 390℃ significantly favors the production of BTX,with yields increasing from 21.42%to 41.14%.Similarly,an increase in hydrogen pressure from 4 MPa to 6 MPa boosts BTX production,with yields rising from 36.31%to 41.14%.Reducing the space velocity from 2 h^(-1) to 0.5 h^(-1) also favors the BTX production process,with yields increasing from 37.96%to 45.13%.Furthermore,raising the hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio from 750 to 1500 improves BTX yields from 41.61%to 45.44%.Through economic analysis,the optimal conditions for BTX production were identified as a reaction temperature of 390℃,hydrogen pressure of 5-6 MPa,space velocity of 1 h^(-1),and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio of 1000,achieving a BTX yield of 43.73%.This investigation highlights the importance of a holistic evaluation of hydrocracking conditions to optimize BTX ***,the findings offer valuable insights for the design and operation of industrial hydrocracking processes aimed at efficiently converting coal tar-derived hydrorefined feedstock into BTX.

关键词： coal tar hydrocracking BTX process optimization economic assessment

An assessment of Potential economic Gain from Weather Forecast Based Irrigation Scheduling for Marginal Farmers in Karnataka, Southern State in India

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 503-512页

作者： Rakesh Vasudevan Nair Ramesh Kalidas Vasanthakumar Eeanki Venkata Surya Prakasa Rao CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR 4PI) Formerly CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation (C-MMACS) Bangalore India

This study is aimed to assess the usefulness of weather forecasts for irrigation scheduling in crops to economize water use. The short-term gains for the farmers come from reducing costs of irrigation with the help of advisory for when not to irrigate because rain is predicted (risk-free because the wrong forecast only delays irrigation within tolerance). Here, a quantitative assessment of saving (indirect income) if irrigation is avoided as rain is imminent (as per forecast), using a five-year archived forecast data over Karnataka state at hobli (a cluster of small villages) level is presented. Estimates showed that the economic benefits to the farmers from such advisories were significant. The potential gain in annual income from such forecast-based irrigation scheduling was of the order of 10% - 15%. Our analysis also indicated that the use of advisory by a small percentage of more than 10 million marginal farmers (landholding < 3 acres) in Karnataka could lead to huge cumulative savings of the order of many crores.

关键词： Agro-Advisories economic assessment Environmental Benefits Irrigation Scheduling Weather Forecast Models Weather Informatics

economic and Environmental Performance of Biowaste-to-energy Technologies for Small-scale Electricity Generation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第1期10卷 12-18页

作者： Max J.A.Romero Rivas Davide Capuano Claudio Miranda Graded S.p.A. NapoliNA 80141Italy

Electricity is predicted to be the energy vector that will undergo major changes in the future,and a transition would be observed in the resources such as waste and residual biomass that we use to satisfy the energy ***,this study aims to highlight the main economic and environmental performances of different biowaste-to-energy technologies for small-scale electricity generation by comparing the direct combustion of refined vegetable oil obtained from waste cooking oils(thermal pathway),anaerobic digestion of biowaste(biochemical pathway),and gasification of wood residues(thermochemical pathway).The economic analysis is mainly based on personal experiences in the energy sector and shows an overview of the performance in investment of combined heat and power(CHP)systems,ranging from 100 to 500 kW for a period of 20 *** environmental assessment is conducted considering the life-cycle thinking approach using support from the openLCA software,product environmental footprint(PEF)database,and previous studies that have reported environmental inventory data from real industrial cases.

关键词： Biowaste-to-energy small-scale generation economic assessment environmental assessment

Conceptual Framework for economic Evaluation of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Case of Rice-Fish Co-Culture in China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2013年第3期4卷 202-211页

作者： Sonja BERWECK Parviz KOOHAFKAN Mary Jane Ramos de la CRUZ 闵庆文焦雯珺孙业红刘某承联合国粮农组织意大利罗马00153 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京10010

The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） initiative was launched by the Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations in 2002 with the aim of establishing the basis for the global recognition,dynamic conservation and adaptive management of outstanding traditional agricultural systems and their associated landscapes,biodiversity,knowledge systems and *** is anecdotal evidence that designated GIAHS are economically better than non-GIAHS ***,there have not been done an economic analysis to prove *** are any sophisticated economic performance criteria for GIAHS in place for a continuously monitoring of the ***,the main objective of this study is to conduct an economic valuation for a GIAHS system versus a similar non designated GIAHS *** this,a Cost-Benefit Analysis （CBA） is *** major constraint is the data ***,a framework for economic analysis shall be developed with the intention to provide directions,assumptions,and data requirement to carry out an economic analysis and so give guidance on future inclusion of economic valuations of *** framework for economic assessment will use the Rice-Fish pilot site in China as a case *** example calculations on the rice-fish co-culture （RFC） have to be taken cautiously due to data availability on different activities （tourism,marketed products on local and international markets） as well as comparison to similar systems.

关键词： phenology Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conceptual framework economic assessment Rice-Fish Co-Culture (RFC) China

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滦平扶贫工作已取得初步成效

资源科学 1995年第6期 67+72-67+72页

滦平扶贫工作已取得初步成效为承担院下达科技扶贫任务于１９９１年成立了中科院科技扶贫滦平开发试验站，该站同时还承担了中科院“努鲁儿虎贫困山区承德片科技扶贫”和河北省山区开发办公室下达的“燕山东段生态经济沟综合技术开发”... 详细信息

滦平扶贫工作已取得初步成效为承担院下达科技扶贫任务于１９９１年成立了中科院科技扶贫滦平开发试验站，该站同时还承担了中科院“努鲁儿虎贫困山区承德片科技扶贫”和河北省山区开发办公室下达的“燕山东段生态经济沟综合技术开发”两项课题。参加单位有中科院综考会、...

关键词： petroleum exploitation industry economic assessment