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ecological succession of benthic organisms on niche-type artificial reefs

ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 433-442页

作者： María-Isabel Toledo Pamela Torres Cristina Díaz Victor Zamora Jesús López Germán Olivares Escuela de Ciencias del Mar Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y GeografíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile

As part of efforts to restore fishery resources and recover damaged coastal ecosystems,artificial reefs are often anchored on the seafloor in coastal zones,to provide new habitats for marine *** aim of the study was to describe the structure of a community of benthic invertebrates colonising a niche-type artificial reef(AATN in Spanish).Nine structures were anchored at depths of 16±1.5 m for 99 weeks(22 months)in the Area of Benthic Resource Management and Exploitation(AMERB)in coastal waters of the Region of Bio Bio,*** results showed that,at 3 months from submersion of the NTAR,much of the artificial substrate remained bare and there were only low levels of specimens of Balanus ***,showing mean coverage of 11.26%,and even lower proportions of Rhodophyta,with mean coverage of 0.34%.At 6 months,the presence of hydrozoans was seen,decreasing the coverage of the barnacles,which was aided further at 8 months with the arrival of barnacle predatory *** 8 months,new benthic invertebrates appeared and competed for the *** included sponges and *** 99 weeks,the hydrozoans dominated the substrate,followed by barnacles and Rhodophyta,the first colonising organisms,leading to colonisation by motile macro-invertebrates,mainly consisting of crustaceans,echinoderms and *** AATN artificial system provides an ideal substrate for the development of early ecological succession and the use of this technology should be feasible in the recovery process of habitat damaged by anthropogenic actions and climate change.

关键词： Artificial reefs ecological succession Colonisation Benthic organisms Balanus sp. Rhodophyta Hydrozoans

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Hormetic effects of abiotic environmental stressors in woody plants in the context of climate change

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 7-19页

作者： Elena A.Erofeeva Department of Ecology Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod23 Gagarina PrNizhni NovgorodRussian Federation 603950

Woody plants contribute to the stability and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and are significantly affected by climate *** to the concept of environmental hormesis,any environmental stressors can cause hormesis,that is,stimulation in low doses and inhibition in high *** studies have demonstrated plant hormesis under low doses of various abiotic ***,the hormetic responses of woody plants to abiotic stressors from climate change are insufficiently *** review analyses data on the stimulating effects of low doses of climate stressors in experiments and in real *** laboratory and field experiments show that single and combined exposure to various climate stressors(temperature,humidity,and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations) can cause hormesis in various species and functional types of woody plants,which can be accompanied by hormetic trade-offs and *** addition,there is evidence of climate hormesis in woody plants in ecosystem *** experiments in various ecosystems show that elevated temperatures and/or precipitation or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations causing hormesis in dominant tree species can stimulate ecosystem ***,climate hormesis of the growth and reproduction of dominant forest tree species contributes to the spread of forests,that is,climate-driven ecological *** main commonalities of climate hormesis in woody species include:(1) Low-dose climate stressors cause hormesis in woody plants when strong(limiting) stressors do not affect plants or these limiting stressors are mitigated by climate change.(2) Hormesis can occur with the direct impact of climatic stressors on trees and with the indirect impact of these stressors on plants through other parts of the ecosystem.(3)Climate stressor interactions(e.g.,synergism,antagonism)can affect hormesis.(4) Hormesis may disappear due to tree acclimatization with consequent changes in the

关键词： Abiotic stress ecological succession Ecosystem Forest Hormesis

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Use of tree species by three species of Magicicada(Hemiptera:Cicadidae)in an Appalachian forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 2051-2063页

作者： Cindy Perkovich David Ward Department of Biology and Toxicology Ashland UniversityAshlandOH 44805USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA

Periodical cicadas(Magicicada spp.)are endemic to deciduous forests in the eastern United *** successional forests,they must partition resources such as host trees to *** measured tree size,emergence holes,oviposition scar bundles,and chorusing center abundances of Magicicada species on 12 common tree species in a deciduous forest to understand host-tree *** predicted that the abundance of periodical cicadas and use of specific host-tree species would change depending on the Magicicada species and tree life *** considered the size of the tree(diameter at breast height)as a covariate to control for tree size and collected eggs for a greenhouse experiment to assess whether nymphs prefer to feed on Quercus rubra or Acer *** emergence holes were found below Quercus species than any other tree *** abundance of periodical cicadas on host trees used for chorusing centers varied depending on the Magicicada species,but were most abundant on Quercus *** scar bundles were also more frequent on *** nymphs were found on Quercus than Acer in the nymph preference *** periodical cicadas used Quercus hosts more than other tree species,their abundances on different host tree sizes and species differed *** cicada species may use specific host species and life stages as a way to partition resources and minimize competition among the Magicicada species during emergence years.

关键词： ecological succession Habitat partitioning Periodical cicadas successional forests

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Plant community dynamics in arid lands: the role of desert ants

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第3期13卷 303-316页

作者： Mohsen SHARAFATMANDRAD Azam KHOSRAVI MASHIZI Department of ecological Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of JiroftJiroft ***Iran

Ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) play an important role in seed bank, seedling establishment andplant composition of arid ecosystems. Thus, knowing plant-ant interaction provides useful information formanagers to design restoration and conservation plans. In this study, the roles of desert harvester ants (Messorintermedius and Messor melancholicus) and scavenger ants (Cataglyphis nodus and Lepisiota semenovi) on plantcommunities were investigated in arid ecosystems of southeastern Iran. Two vegetation types weredistinguished in the study area and the nest density of ant species was determined. Furthermore, plantcomposition and soil seed bank were estimated at different distances from the ant nests. Results showed thatthe density of M. intermedius and M. melancholicus nests was higher in dwarf shrub-shrub vegetation type and thedensity of C. nodus and L. semenovi nests was higher in dwarf shrub vegetation type. The harvester and scavengerants had enhanced the seed bank to 55% and 70%, respectively. Therefore, the role of scavenger ants on theplant communities' seed bank was greater than that of harvester ants. Although the scavenger ants were moreinfluential on the annuals and the invasive plant species, the radius impact of the harvester ants on theperennials was greater, i.e., a positive interaction existed between the perennial plants and the harvester ants. *** and L. semenovi played an important role in enhancing the ecosystem's potential for restoration throughestablishment of pioneer species in early stage of succession. The activity of M. intermedius is crucial for thedevelopment and maintenance of climax plant communities in arid ecosystems through assisting the plantspecies' establishment in late stage of succession. It is essential to preserve the diversity of these key ant speciesfor the maintenance and sustainability of shrubs in arid ecosystems.

关键词： ants ecological succession ecosystem rangelands shrubs vegetation

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Gas Exchange Rates of Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana) in Central Texas Woodlands

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 329-348页

作者： Matthew B. Grunstra Oscar W. Van Auken Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon) is a secondary species in most Juniperus ashei/Quercus fusiformis woodlands in central Texas. It has high density, but plants are mostly in the community understory. Light response curves at ambient and elevated levels of CO2 and temperature were measured for D. texana. The Anet (photosynthetic rate) increased significantly as both light level and CO2 levels increased but not temperature. The Amax (maximum photosynthetic rate) of D. texana in full sun at elevated levels of CO2 was increased for all treatments. Stomatal conductance increased with levels of CO2 but only if the interaction was removed from the model. Intercellular levels of CO2 increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments as did water use efficiency (WUE). Furthermore, light saturation (Lsat) increased with CO2 treatments and light compensation (Lcp) increased with temperature. The dark respiration (Rd) increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments. Markov population models suggested D. texana populations would remain ecologically similar in the future. However, sub-canopy light levels and herbivory should be considered when examining population projections. For example, Juniperus ashei juveniles are not recruited into any canopy unless there are high light levels. Herbivory reduces the success of Quercus juveniles from reaching the canopy. These factors do not seem to be a problem for D. texana juveniles which would allow them to reach the canopy without need of a high light gap and are not prevented by herbivory. Thus, Juniperus/Quercus woodlands will change in the future to woodlands with D. texana a more common species.

关键词： Replacement Dynamics ecological succession CO2 Concentrations Temperature Levels Photosynthetic Rates Drought Tolerance Herbivory Species Replacement Encroachment Juniper

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Influence of Environmental Variables on the Natural Regeneration of a Forest under Restoration after Bauxite Mining and in a Reference Ecosystem in Southeastern Brazil

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Research in Ecology 2020年第4期2卷 31-41页

作者： Kelly de Almeida Silva Sebastião Venâncio Martins Aurino Miranda Neto Forest Restoration Laboratory Department of Forest EngineeringUniversidade Federal de Viçosa(UFV)ViçosaMinas Gerais StateBrazil

The shrub-tree floristic composition of the natural regeneration stratum of a bauxite mine in the process of restoration and in a reference ecosystem(remnant of a preserved secondary Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest)were analysed to evaluate forest restoration conditions after five years of *** influence of canopy openness,accumulated leaf litter and soil attributes in the regeneration stratum were also investigated in both the *** floristic composition of the regeneration stratum in the forest under restoration(16 species and 5,083 individuals ha-1)and in the reference ecosystem(58 species and 26,250 individuals ha-1)are distinct due to the difference in the environmental *** showed that the reference ecosystem favours the presence of species that tolerate environments with greater shading and higher aluminium and organic matter content in the soil like Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.,while the forest under restoration favours the presence of species adapted to fertile soils and those that tolerate greater luminosity like Vernonanthura phosphorica(Vell.)***.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Canopy openness ecological succession Floristics Mining Soil analysis

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