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The Difficulties and Achievements of China's ecological Environment Construction:1949-2019

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2019年第4期07卷 6-25页

作者： PAN Jiahua Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

China’s ecological environment construction has undergone three phases,i.***.the agriculturebased development phase with low productivity not long after the founding of the People ’s Republic of China(P.R.C.),the industrial development phase after the adoption of reform and opening-up policy,and the phase toward ecological civilization,each of which has its own features,challenges,responsive measures and achievements.From the year 1949 to the adoption of reform and opening up policy,the Chinese society was characterized by farming culture on the whole,facing problems such as frequent natural disasters,shortage in food production and low urbanization level.To jump out of the Malthusian Trap,the founders of the P.R.C.led people to prevent floods by water control,water conservancy projects and reclamation of wasteland,which alleviated but did not solve the problems because China still suffered poverty and backwardness,and failed to shake off the Malthusian Curse.After the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,the rapid progress in industrialization and urbanization has liberated farmers from land and greatly improved labor productivity;meanwhile,some lands were released from farmers’ hand,which not only made the value of land resources much higher but also enabled land rehabilitation and ecological self-restoration.Although rapid industrialization and urbanization enormously boosted productive forces and accumulated immense amount of material wealth,but since the beginning of the 21 st century,China’s development has been drawn near to the ecological red line,environmental threshold and resources upper limit of industrial development,constantly challenged by sustainable development.After 2010,China has initiated the transformation to ecological civilization,featuring ecological protection,pollution control and resource conservation,aiming to promote the harmonious development between man and nature.

关键词： Eco-civilization construction reform and opening-up resource conservation pollution control ecological protection

Problems and Countermeasures for the protection of Agricultural Heritage in China

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Journal of Landscape Research 2023年第4期15卷 65-68页

作者： YANG Yonggan Faculty of Business City University of MacaoMacao 999078China

With the rapid development of modern agriculture,China has increasingly attached importance to the protection and development of agricultural cultural heritage,but it has encountered severe challenges in reality.By analyzing the connotation and current situation of agricultural cultural heritage,to address the issues faced by China,such as imbalanced theoretical and practical development,difficulty in grasping the boundaries of protection and development,inadequate research and management mechanisms,large funding gaps,lack of talent,and insufficient international influence,targeted solutions are proposed based on relevant information and literature.This aims to strengthen the protection,activation,and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage.

关键词： Agricultural cultural heritage ecological protection Sustainable development Rural revitalization

Role of ecological approaches to eliminating schistosomiasis in Eryuan County evaluated by system modelling

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1343-1355页

作者： Yi Dong Chun-Hong Du Yun Zhang Li-Fang Wang Jing Song Ming-Shou Wu Wen-Can Yang Shan Lv Xiao-Nong Zhou Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention Dali 671000YunnanChina Eryuan Station of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention Eryuan 671200YunnanChina National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025China Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai 200025China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025China National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200025China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of HealthShanghai 200025China.

Background:Schistosomiasis was severely prevalent in Yunnan Province,and it is difficult to achieve its elimination by convention approaches due to complexity of the nature.We explored the comprehensive model to eliminate schistosomiasis in Eryuan County,Yunnan Province,the People’s Republic of China,through integration with the ecological protection programme in Erhai Lake,in order to promote an efficient elimination strategy.We expected that this model is able to be tailored to other local settings,which help achieve the goal of precisely eliminating the disease in Yunnan Province.Methods:Eryuan County of Yunnan Province was chosen as the study area,where the data on environmental protection activities in Erhai Lake and on the schistosomiasis control programme were collected through different departments of Erhai County government since 2015.System modelling was performed using system dynamics software to establish a simulation model in order to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention activities.Results:ecological approaches to control schistosomiasis in Eryuan County consist of three major components:(i)implementing precise interventions to stop schistosomiasis transmission by means of controlling the source of infection,blocking the biological transmission chains and cutting off the route of disease transmission;(ii)employing ecological approaches to improve the co-effectiveness of environmental protection and schistosomiasis prevention in the study area;and(iii)strengthening the professional skills of personnel involving in the schistosomiasis control programme.Simulation results showed that this strategy could speed up the progress of schistosomiasis control programme moving from the control stage to the elimination stage.Conclusions:ecological approaches implemented in schistosomiasis endemic areas of the Eryuan region are able to improve the co-effectiveness of environmental protection and schistosomiasis control,providing a new avenue for eliminating schistosomiasis thanks to the application of precis

关键词： Schistosomiasis ecological protection Transmission block Elimination System modelling Eryuan County Yunnan Province China

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中国省域碳达峰梯次划分与差异化排放路径

生态环境与保护 2023年第9期

作者：王思博庄贵阳窦晓铭

中国既要在2030年前实现碳达峰，也要在2035年基本实现社会主义现代化。中国政府迫切需要做好碳达峰顶层设计，以此统筹各地区梯次有序地协同实现碳达峰与现代化双目标。鉴于此，运用碳排放驱动因素分解方法与经济增长理论构建中国省域... 详细信息

中国既要在2030年前实现碳达峰，也要在2035年基本实现社会主义现代化。中国政府迫切需要做好碳达峰顶层设计，以此统筹各地区梯次有序地协同实现碳达峰与现代化双目标。鉴于此，运用碳排放驱动因素分解方法与经济增长理论构建中国省域差异化碳达峰路径逻辑分析架构，借助MK趋势分析、蒙特卡洛模拟等方法，采用省际宏观经济数据对中国省域碳达峰梯次划分与差异化排放路径进行对比分析，可以发现：第一，根据碳排放与经济发展双维度多指标综合研判，各地区实现碳达峰目标难易程度不同，时间有先后。基于此，中国大陆(除西藏外)30个省域可被划分为基本实现、提前实现、较提前实现、准时实现、可能推迟实现5个碳达峰梯次。第二，相较于生产侧碳排放数据，基于消费侧碳排放数据的政策设计，既有利于收敛区域间能源消费总量与人均GDP演化路径，也有助于在碳排放总量峰值降低的前提下，拓宽能源消费总量阈值，助力经济增长速度进一步提升。第三，强化绿色低碳发展能力建设，完善“碳排放强约束强激励、高质量经济增长”发展模式，是顺利实现碳达峰与现代化双目标的关键。展望未来，中国政府应遵循“谁消费、谁负责”的原则，加快建立健全碳排放统计核算体系，并将绿色低碳发展能力建设作为省域差异化碳达峰路径相关政策措施的重要内容，提升适配区域绿色低碳发展能力的经济增速阈值，促使经济增长对碳排放脱钩，推进碳达峰与现代化双目标的实现。

关键词：碳达峰梯次划分碳排放能源消费绿色低碳经济气候治理生态保护 peak carbon emissions tiered division carbon emissions energy consumption green low-carbon economy climate governance ecological protection

西北地区生态保护与高质量发展协同推进的策略和路径

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生态环境与保护 2022年第3期

作者：李同昇陈谢扬芮旸杨坤

西北地区是我国重要的生态安全屏障和重大国家战略的枢纽地区，经济社会发展整体滞后，发展与保护的矛盾比较突出。处理好西北地区生态保护与高质量发展之间的关系，对于新时代推进西部大开发形成新格局具有重要战略意义。推动西北地区... 详细信息

西北地区是我国重要的生态安全屏障和重大国家战略的枢纽地区，经济社会发展整体滞后，发展与保护的矛盾比较突出。处理好西北地区生态保护与高质量发展之间的关系，对于新时代推进西部大开发形成新格局具有重要战略意义。推动西北地区生态保护和高质量发展的主要任务包括：围绕大保护，建立“一廊五区多点”的生态安全格局；围绕大开发，形成“两横两纵四区四群多点”的区域经济布局；围绕大开放，构建“三重开放、两带引领”的互动合作格局；围绕人地协调，探索各具特色、优势互补的高质量发展模式。实现西北地区生态保护与高质量发展协同推进的关键策略与路径在于：①分区推进保护和修复，提高生态系统稳定性。②实施重大引调水工程，构建水安全保障体系。③强化创新和园区驱动，多元化发展绿色经济。④优化交通网络和通道，探索枢纽经济新模式。⑤多层次提升合作水平，增强区域发展协同性。

关键词：西北地区生态保护高质量发展协同推进策略路径水安全保障体系　　Northwest China ecological protection high-quality development cooperative promotion strategy path water security system

第二轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策的减畜效应及其对新一轮政策的启示

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农业经济研究

农业经济研究 2022年第11期

作者：张如心谭淑豪

本文使用对内蒙古牧户的三期追踪调查数据，采用双重差分模型，评估并比较第一轮和第二轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策的减畜效应，同时综合利用实证分析与访谈资料分析，探究提高补偿标准和加大监管力度对第二轮政策减畜效应的影响与作用... 详细信息

本文使用对内蒙古牧户的三期追踪调查数据，采用双重差分模型，评估并比较第一轮和第二轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策的减畜效应，同时综合利用实证分析与访谈资料分析，探究提高补偿标准和加大监管力度对第二轮政策减畜效应的影响与作用机制。研究发现：①第二轮政策的减畜效应相较第一轮政策有所增强，但仍远未达到预期。②提高补偿标准和加大监管力度，主要是通过强化政策的约束而非激励作用，使第二轮政策的减畜效应增强。③在约束作用占主导地位的机制下，牧户消极应付检查，以远小于政策规定的数量减畜，这使得第二轮政策的减畜效应表面增强，实则受限。④第二轮政策激励作用不强的原因有三：一是补偿资金总量不足且分配不合理；二是各地政府促使牧户降低草场载畜率的途径单一；三是牧户生计对牲畜数量高度依赖。据此，本文对新一轮政策的实施提出如下建议：适当提高补偿标准，并将补偿资金的分配向损失较多的牧户倾斜；以流转土地、建设饲草料地、改良牲畜等多种途径，引导牧户降低草场载畜率；减畜与增收并重，通过市场化、组织化手段帮助牧户提高生产收益，降低牧户的减畜损失。

关键词：草原生态保护补助奖励政策双重差分模型内蒙古　　grassland ecological protection compensation policy double difference model inner mongolia

Waterfront Revetment in Yaodu Town, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu

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Journal of Landscape Research 2017年第4期9卷 49-52页

作者： GAN Yuliang School of Architecture and Design Southwest Jiaotong University

With the advancement of urban-rural integration, township waterfront functioning as urban waterfront is increasingly emphasized by people. Township waterfront is expected to not only meet the basic needs of urban waterfront in landscape, but also give consideration to both leisure tourism and ecological protection. This paper analyzes the existing problems in the revetment design on the township waterfront and elaborates the importance and feasibility of constructing the ecological revetment in the traditional townships as well as design procedures. The concept of ecological design is introduced into the revetment design on the township waterfront to meet the requirements of both man and nature, so as to achieve a harmonious coexistence between man and nature and sustainable development in a real sense.

关键词： Waterfront landscape Township waterfront Revetment design ecological protection

A Specific Way to Evaluate Ecosystem Services Based on a Cost Model

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A Specific Way to Evaluate Ecosystem Services Based on a Cos...

开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求及其确定方法初探

作者： Siran Lee Chen Qi Chunyan Wang Business College of Southwest University

Land use projects will affect ecosystem services. Economic costs should include the negative effects of land use. And we should assess the environmental costs. We set up a cost model of environmental degradation. In the basic model, we mainly study the two main functions of the ecosystem. These functions are material supply services and air purification services（including dust retention value, water conservation and soil conservation, maintenance of soil fertility, etc）,and we found the value of functional losses. We use the intermediate materials transformation method and the market value method to transform the cost of environmental degradation in land projects into monetary value, and then calculate the costs of environmental degradation through the corresponding products or service prices. Through comparative analysis, we further optimize the basic model, and finally stabilize the standard deviation with the actual case at 0.1 ≤ 0.5. In the optimization model, we put forward the indirect loss of ecological service function on the basis of the basic model, and add the loss of air pollution to human health and regional agricultural products. At the same time, we also take into account the changes in the soil over time so that our model is more accurate.

关键词： ecosystem service environmental cost environmental degradation ecological protection ecological system system protection planning

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生态环境与保护 2008年第5期 77-82页

作者：曹学章唐晓燕刘庄张更生

在阐述开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求涵义和构成要素的基础上，对其规定方式和确定要求的工作程序、原则与方法进行了探讨。技术要求的规定方式包括定量方式和定性方式，其中定量方式又包括规定指标限值、规定指标限值的计算... 详细信息

在阐述开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求涵义和构成要素的基础上，对其规定方式和确定要求的工作程序、原则与方法进行了探讨。技术要求的规定方式包括定量方式和定性方式，其中定量方式又包括规定指标限值、规定指标限值的计算方法、规定参照系和规定指标的设计保证率4种。技术要求的确定可按如下程序进行：（1）分析开发建设活动的技术环节；（2）分析开发建设活动的生态影响；（3）确定生态保护与恢复主题；（4）确定生态保护与恢复的技术要求。确定技术要求时，应遵循以下原则：（1）技术和经济因素相结合；（2）体现自然地理条件的差异；（3）考虑历史情况。技术要求的确定可以有以下5种方法：（1）实践经验与科学试验总结法；（2）借鉴相关标准法；（3）借鉴国外同类标准法；（4）推理分析法；（5）基于生态质量要求的理论计算法。

关键词：开发建设生态保护生态恢复标准技术要求方法 development and construction ecological protection ecological rehabilitation standard technical requirement methodology