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Relationship between multi-scale climate factors and performance of Ecological engineering on the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 789-800页

作者： Panxing He Jun Ma Zhiming Han Mingjie Shi Dongxiang Xu Zongjiu Sun Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringNational Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuarySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438People’s Republic of China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology College of Grassland and Environment SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi830052People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic engineering in Arid Areas Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710077People’s Republic of China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia

The long-term “Grain-to-Green Program” (GGP) on China’s Loess Plateau is a major global Ecological engineering project which has significantly boosted vegetation renewal. Some studies have found that the rate of restoration is quite rapid during the implementation of Ecological engineering, however, the influence of multi-scale climatic conditions on the performance of Ecological engineering is unclear. In this study, multiple sources of remote sensing data were used to estimate the dynamics of vegetation structural and functional indicators, water-related local climatic factors, and atmospheric circulation factors. These datasets were also used to detect possible causes for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau over the past 20 years. The results show that widespread increases in rates of normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVI), leaf area indexes (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and aboveground biomass carbon (ABC) during 2000–2016 were significantly higher than before 2000. GPP was significantly correlated with rainfall and surface runoff on a monthly scale, and there were significant positive correlations between GPP and atmospheric circulation. Our results demonstrate that both vegetation structural and functional indicators rapidly increase, and Ecological engineering greatly accelerated vegetation restoration after 2000. Local climatic conditions and atmospheric circulation patterns enhance vegetation growth and impact of Ecological engineering.

关键词： Vegetation restoration Ecological engineering Water-related climatic factors Atmospheric circulation and sunspot Loess Plateau

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Guidelines for integrating ecological and biological engineering technologies for control of severe erosion in mountainous areas-A case study of the Xiaojiang River Basin,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第4期5卷 335-344页

作者： Songtang He Daojie Wang Yingchao Fang Huijuan Lan Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Science&Ministry of Water ConservancyChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

ecological environment issues caused by soil erosion have always been the attractive and significant problems all over the world.Under the background of global warming,debris flow,landslide,and other intense gravitational erosion activities have become aggravated,which leads to the decrease of biological diversity,ecosystem stability,resistance,productivity,and the like,which presents new challenges to traditional measures of soil and water conservation.This article,based on research conducted on controlling mountain hazard on the Xiaojiang River basin over the last 30 years,summarizes the managerial achievement of typical Ecological engineering technologies and analyzes the principles and application of each type of treatment.The results indicated that established Ecological engineering technologies play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of intense gravitational erosion caused by mountain hazard.However,there are still a great deal of limitation of application condition and maneuverability during management process.How to furtherly develop the rational combining pattern between Ecological engineering(e.***.contour hedgerow)and geotechnical engineering(e.***.slit dam)and how to strengthen the risk control and improve management strategy will be the key points for preventing intense gravitational erosion in future by Ecological engineering.

关键词： Soil and water conservation Ecological engineering Gravitational erosion Risk control Mountain hazards

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Conceptual understandings of the Ecological engineering issues in China and abroad

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第2期12卷 78-83页

作者： Xu, Fu-Liu Tao, Shu Departemnt of Urban and Environemmal Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The research on Ecological engineering has been lasting for more than four decades. As a new, cheaper, environmentally acceptable and alternative techniques, Ecological engineering has been applied to many aspects, including ecoagricultural engineering, ecosystem restoration, environmental conservation, and pollution control. This paper presents a conceptual understanding on the issues of Ecological engineering, including its origin, concepts, goals, principles and applications.

关键词： Ecological engineering ecologist engineer CLC number: X171 4 Document code: A

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Experimental investigation of the effects of shrub filter strips on debris flow trapping and interception

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第2期38卷 265-278页

作者： Songtang He Wenle Chen Daojie Wang Xiaoqing Chen Yuchao Qi Peng Zhao Yong Li Yongming Lin Ali Akbar Jamali Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Pipe China Southwest Pipeline Company Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management College of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Department of GIS-RS and Watershed Management Maybod Branch Islamic Azad University

Ecological engineering plays an increasingly significant role in mountain hazard control, but the effect of species selection and arrangement(e.g., row spacing and stem spacing) on debris flow suppression is still unclear. To further understand the interception efficiency of shrub arrangement parameters on debris flow and explore the difference with slow hydraulic erosion, sixteen sets of small-scale flume experiments with different stem and row spacings were done to study the effects of shrubs on debris flow severity, flow rate, velocity, and particle size. The results suggest that, for a dilute debris flow, sediment interception effectiveness(27.4%-60.9%) decreases gradually as stem spacing increases. Moreover, as row spacing increases, flow velocity reduction(34.4%-44.9%) and flow reduction(18.5%-47.4%) gradually decrease; and the bulk density reduction(0.5%-5.3%) and sediment interception increase initially and then decrease. In contrast, for a viscous debris flow, the flow reduction, flow velocity reduction, and sedimentation interception decrease gradually as the stem spacing increases. As row spacing increases,the flow velocity reduction, flow reduction, and sediment interception all increase initially and then decrease. A formula for the flow velocity of dilute debris flow after the filter strip was derived based on the energy conservation law and Bernoulli’s equation, confirming that debris flow movement is closely related to the degree of vegetation cover. This research strengthens the current understanding of the effectiveness of vegetation in debris flow disaster prevention and control and can guide practical applications.

关键词： Ecological engineering Mountain hazards mitigation and prevention Shrub filter strips Debris flow Sediment trapping

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Microplastic contamination in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Current status and transfer mechanisms

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China Geology 2022年第3期5卷 421-428页

作者： Rui-ping Liu Fei Liu Ying Dong Jian-gang Jiao El-Wardany RM Li-feng Zhu Xi’an center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Shaanxi Province Water Resources and Environment engineering Technology Research Center Xi’an 710054China Western Green Development Research Institute China Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess Area Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Field Base of Scientific Observation of Shaanxi Tongguan Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Dalian Ocean and Fishery Comprehensive Administration Supervision Lochus Dalian 116000China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resource and Geological engineering Ministry of EducationXi’an 710054China School of Earth Science and Land Resources of Chang’an University Xi’an 710054China Assiut Branch Al-Azhar UniversityAssiut 71524Egypt

This paper aims to investigate the present situation and transfer mechanisms of microplastics in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The study surveyed the average abundance of microplastics in sediments.The abundance of microplastics in sediments of lakes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 17.22-2643.65 items/kg DW and 0-60.63 items/kg DW based on the data of the Qinghai Lake and the Siying Co Basin.The microplastic abundance in sediments from small and medium lakes is very high compared to that in other areas in the world.Like microplastics in other lakes of the world,those in the lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly include organic polymers PA,PET,PE,and PP and are primarily in the shape of fibers and fragments.The microplastic pollution of lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by natural changes and by human activities,and the concentration of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems gradually increases through food chains.Furthermore,the paper suggests the relevant administrative departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strengthen waste management while developing tourism and pay much attention to the impacts of microplastics in water environments.This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling microplastic contamination in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Microplastic pollution Environmental pollution Lake Lacustrine sediment Qinghai Lake ecological risks Hydrogeological engineering Ecological engineering Qinghai-Tibet Plateau China

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Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests： Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Zhong-Xian Lu Ping-Yang Zhu Geoff M. Gurr Xu-Song Zheng Donna M. Y. Read Kong-Luen Heong Ya-Jun Yang Hong-Xing Xu State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Stuff University Orange NSW Australia College of Chemistry and Life Science Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang Province China and Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute Los Banos Metro Manila Philippines

Reduction of noncrop habitats, intensive use of pesticides and high levels of disturbance associated with intensive crop production simplify the farming landscape and bring about a sharp decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, weakens the biological control ecosystem service provided by arthropod natural enemies. Strategic use of flowering plants to enhance plant biodiversity in a well-targeted manner can provide natural enemies with food sources and shelter to improve biological control and reduce dependence on chemical pesticides. This article reviews the nutritional value of various types of plant-derived food for natural enemies, possible adverse effects on pest management, and the practical application of flowering plants in orchards, vegetables and field crops, agricultural systems where most research has taken place. Prospects for more effective use of flowering plants to maximize biological control of insect pests in agroecosystem are good but depend up on selection of optimal plant species based on information on the ecological mechanisms by which natural enemies are selectively favored over pest species.

关键词： conservation biological control Ecological engineering habitat nectar,nutrition pollen shelter

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Microplastic pollution in Yellow River,China:Current status and research progress of biotoxicological effects

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China Geology 2021年第4期4卷 585-592页

作者： Rui-ping Liu Zhi-zhong Li Fei Liu Ying Dong Jian-gang Jiao Ping-ping Sun El-Wardany RM Xi’an Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Western Green Development Research Institute ChinaGeological SurveyXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess area Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Field Base of Scientific Observation of Shannxi Tongguan Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Dalian Ocean and Fishery Comprehensive Administration Enforcement Team Dalian 116000China School of Earth Science and Land Resources of Chang’an University Xi’an 710054China Al-Azhar University Assiut 71524Egypt

This study aims to comprehensively assess the environmental risks of microplastics in the Yellow River,achieving the following results through comprehensive research.The average microplastic abundances in the river waters and sediments are 5358-654000 n/m3 and 43.57-615 items/kg,respectively,and there are fewer microplastics in water samples than in sediments.Microplastics in the study area can be divided into five types according to their occurrence morphologies,namely fragments,foams,films,fibers,and particles.The most widely distributed pollution types in sediments include debris,fibers,and particles.In contrast,fibers are the dominant type in water samples,accounting for 68.18%‒98.93%.The chemical components of the microplastics include polyethylene,polypropylene,polystyrene,polyethylene terephthalate,and polyvinyl chloride.The microplastics are in four colors,with white accounting for a higher proportion.The grain size of the microplastics in tributaries or lakes of the Yellow River is less than 2 mm,which makes them liable to enter organisms for enrichment.Furthermore,the sources of the microplastics are closely related to agricultural and industrial production and biological activities in habitats and exhibit seasonal and hydrological characteristics.The microplastics in the study area show the adsorption of metals and nonmetals to different degrees,which increases the pollution risks of heavy metals combined with microplastics.In addition,microplastics can accumulate in organisms in the Yellow River and cause physical,biochemical,and other damage to aquatic organisms,thus further posing carcinogenic risks to human beings.Therefore,it is necessary to study,monitor,and control the pollution and effects of microplastics in the Yellow River,in order to provide theoretical references for the control of pollution and ecological risk of microplastics in the river.

关键词： Microplastic pollution Influence factor Biotoxicological effects Hydrogeological engineering Ecological engineering Yellow River China

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Seasonal differences in climatic controls of vegetation growth in the Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Region of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第6期10卷 850-863页

作者： SHAN Lishan YU Xiang SUN Lingxiao HE Bin WANG Haiyan XIE Tingting College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College & Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Launched in 2002, the Beiing–Tianjin Sand Source Control Project (BTSSCP) is an ecological restoration project intended to prevent desertification in China. Evidence from multiple sources has confirmed increases in vegetation growth in the BTSSCP region since the initiation of this project. Precipitation and essential climate variable-soil moisture (ECV-SM) conditions are typically considered to be the main drivers of vegetation growth in this region. Although many studies have investigated the inter-annual variations of vegetation growth, few concerns have been focused on the annual and seasonal variations of vegetation growth and their climatic drivers, which are crucial for understanding the relationships among the climate, vegetation, and human activities at the regional scale. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from MODIS and the corresponding climatic data, we explored the responses of vegetation growth to climatic factors at annual and seasonal scales in the BTSSCP region during the period 2000–2014. Over the study region as a whole, NDVI generally increased from 2000 to 2014, at a rate of 0.002/a. Vegetation growth is stimulated mainly by the elevated temperature in spring, whereas precipitation is the leading driver of summer greening. In autumn, positive effects of both temperature and precipitation on vegetation growth were observed. The warming in spring promotes vegetation growth but reduces ECV-SM. Summer greening has a strong cooling effect on land surface temperature. These results indicate that the ecological and environmental consequences of ecological restoration projects should be comprehensively evaluated.

关键词： vegetation growth climatic drivers seasonal variation Ecological engineering interaction Beiing–Tianjin Sand Source Controlling Project(BTSSCP) NDVI

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Effects of sesame nectar on longevity and fecundity of seven Lepidoptera and survival of four parasitoid species commonly found in agricultural ecosystems

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2534-2546页

作者： LIU Kai ZHU Ping-yang Lü Zhong-xian CHEN Gui-hua ZHANG Jing-ming Lü Yao-bing LU Yan-hui State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China Jinhua Plant Protection Station Jinhua 321017 P.R. China School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University New South Wales 2800 Australia

Ecological engineering involves the use of plants to promote establishment, survival and efficiency of natural enemies in agricultural systems. Some plant species may be hosts or provide resources to some pest species. We assessed the risks and benefits of sesame （Sesamum indicum L.）, as a nectar source for seven economically important Lepidopteran pest and four parasitoid species in a range of vegetable crop systems. Our results showed that the mean Iongevities of arthropod parasitoids Pteromalus puparum （L.）, Encarsia sophia （Girault ＆ Dodd） and male Microplitis tuberculifer （Wesmael） were significantly extended when fed on sesame flowers compared to the water control. Sesame flowers had no effect on adult Iongevities and fecundities of six out of the seven Lepidoptera pest species tested except Plutella xyllostella （L.） females laid more eggs when fed on sesame flowers. It is likely that the increased fecundity is due to accessibility to nectar at the bottom of corolla because of their smaller body sizes. Our findings provide a first step towards better understanding of the risks and benefits of using sesame to implement Ecological engineering for the management of vegetable pests.

关键词： Lepidopteran pests natural enemies flowering plant risks and benefits assessment Ecological engineering

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Designing principles of an ecological water storage basin on coastal saline: a case study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第1期17卷 62-66页

作者： LIUPing-ping YINCheng-qing QUJiu-hui ZHANGGuang-yun FENGWen-qing LIUJun-xin ZHONGZhi SKLEAC ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085China TEDAWaterworksCo. Tianjin300457China

The degradation of water source environment becomes serious problems accompanying with rapid urbanization in China. Ecological engineering provides ecologically sound and cost effective solution to solving this problem. As a case study, a 15 hm 2 ecological water storage basin for a water plant was designed and constructed on the TEDA area in Tianjin City. Located on saline, the construction of this project has to face serious difficulties, such as high salinity, scarce seed banks of macrophytes, and strong winds. Freshwater replacement, soil amendation and macrophytes planting at the basinshore, wooden water breaker and plastic membrane installation and other measures were conducted for the assistance of plant community establishment. The result showed that the chloride concentration in the basin water decreased from 11600 mg/L to less than 100 mg/L, and the chloride content in the basin sediment decreased from 2 1% to 0 35% after freshwater soaking. The introduced macrophytes of 8 species all survived and 11 other macrophytes species were occurred in the basin. A new ecosystem was created with increased biological diversity in the original saline, and the water quality was improved. This ecological water storage basin also provided a pleasing landscape for local people.

关键词： drinking water source water quality coastal saline urban Ecological engineering

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