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effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第2期27卷 183-204页

作者： SHAO Quanqin CAO Wei FAN Jiangwen HUANG Lin XU Xinliang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.

关键词： Three-River Source Region ecological conservation and restoration ecosystem monitoring and assessment ecological effects

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Stability and ecological effects of Main Plant Communities in Minqin Desert Area

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2015年第3期7卷 191-196页

作者： Chang Zhaofeng Duan Xiaofeng Han Fugui Zhong Shengnian Wang Qiangqiang Zhang Jianhui Gansu Desert Control Research Institute Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies

[ Objective ] To elucidate the change trend in stability and ecological effects of plant communities in desert along with global wanning. [ Method ] The data of site-specific observation on five main plant communities at ten plots in Minqin desert area were used to analyze the stability and ecological effects of desert plant communities by using two indicators vegetation coverage and projective cover degree. [ Results ] The vegetation coverage of Artemisia arenaria and Ephedra przewalskii, and the projective cover degree of A. arenaria and man-made Haloxylon ammodendron forest decreased remarkably; and the vegetation coverage of Ni- traria tangutorum was also decreased to some extent. [ Conduslon] （1） The plant communities with poor vegetation coverage gives a relatively strong stability, while that with high vegetation coverage has a relatively poor stability; （2） the yearly precipitation is the determinant of vegetation coverage and projective cover deglee; （3） the ecological function is found to be most remarkable in per unit area N. tangutorum, followed by E. przewalskii and N. tangutorum ＋H. ammodendron, and least in per unit area A. Arenaria. The vegetation is sparse in desert and plant branches does not distribute regularly, thus the crown-based vegetation coverage can not reflect the actual surface coverage.

关键词： Plant communities Stability ecological effects Minqin desert area

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ecological effects assessment on artificial reefs in the Guangdong coastal waters

Ecological effects assessment on artificial reefs in the Gua...

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2014年中国水产学会学术年会

作者： Jing Yu Pimao Chen Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environments Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Fishery resources along China’s coasts are declining. Such decline can be alleviated by deploying artificial reefs（ARs） in suitable areas. ARs with a total dimension of 966.10 × 2850.60 m2 and total surface area of 91,500 m2 were deployed in the southwestern part of Daya Bay in December 2007. This study investigates spatial and temporal variations in Chlorophyll a concentrations（Chl a）, nutrients, attaching organisms and fishery resources in the AR area through satellite（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS） and in situ observations. The ecological effects of the ARs in Daya Bay reached a distance of at least 4.9 km and a water depth of 12.0 m. In the AR area, Chl a increased and reached a higher level during the post-AR period（2008-2012） than during the pre-AR period（2002-2007）. Stock density increased by 4.66-16.22 times compared with the background survey, and the total species of fish catch increased by 15%-23%. This fish enhancement can be attributed to the increase in local primary production produced by ARs.

关键词： ecological effects Artificial reefs Remote sensing Guangdong coastal waters

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Insights into the enzymatic degradation of DNA expedited by typical perfluoroalkyl acids

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 278-286页

作者： Chao Qin Run-Hao Zhang Zekai Li Hai-Ming Zhao Yan-Wen Li Nai-Xian Feng Hui Li Quan-Ying Cai Xiaojie Hu Yanzheng Gao Lei Xiang Ce-Hui Mo Baoshan Xing Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials College of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States

Perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)are considered forever chemicals,gaining increasing attention for their hazardous impacts.However,the ecological effects of PFAAs remain unclear.Environmental DNA(eDNA),as the environmental gene pool,is often collected for evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of pollutants.In this study,we found that all PFAAs investigated,including perfluorohexanoic acid,perfluorooctanoic acid,perfluorononanoic acid,and perfluorooctane sulfonate,even at low concentrations(0.02 and 0.05 mg/L),expedited the enzymatic degradation of DNA in a nonlinear dose–effect relationship,with DNA degradation fragment sizes being lower than 1,000 bp and 200 bp after 15 and 30 min of degradation,respectively.This phenomenon was attributed to the binding interaction between PFAAs and AT bases in DNA via groove binding.van der Waals force(especially dispersion force)and hydrogen bonding are the main binding forces.DNA binding with PFAAs led to decreased base stacking and right-handed helicity,resulting in loose DNA structure exposing more digestion sites for degrading enzymes,and accelerating the enzymatic degradation of DNA.The global ecological risk evaluation results indicated that PFAA contamination could cause medium and high molecular ecological risk in 497 samples from 11 contamination-hot countries(such as the USA,Canada,and China).The findings of this study show new insights into the influence of PFAAs on the environmental fates of biomacromolecules and reveal the hidden molecular ecological effects of PFAAs in the environment.

关键词： DNA Enzymatic degradation Emerging organic pollutants Perfluoroalkyl acids ecological effects

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A review of ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 435-448页

作者： Jiaojun Zhu Lining Song Yu Lei CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-Commercial Forests Shenyang 110016People’s Republic of China 不详

A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1)theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2)the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3)the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.

关键词： ecologically fragile areas ecological effects Forestry eco-engineering Management systems Assessment of protective forests

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Installation and operational effects of a HVDC submarine cable in a continental shelf setting: Bass Strait, Australia

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第4期1卷 337-353页

作者： John Sherwood Scott Chidgey Peter Crockett David Gwyther Percival Ho Simon Stewart David Strong Bob Whitely Alan Williams School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin UniversityWarrnamboolVictoria 3280Australia CEE Consulting 90 Bridge RoadRichmondVictoria 3121Australia Enesar Consulting Pty Ltd 124 Camberwell RdHawthorn EastVictoria 3123Australia DSA Consulting Suite 211620 St Kilda RoadMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Coffey Natural Systems Pty Ltd 126 Trenerry CrescentAbbotsfordVictoria 3067Australia Marine Research CSIROHobartTasmania 7000Australia Picton Group Pty Ltd 30 Malpas DriveWallingtonVictoria 3222Australia

Despite the many submarine telecommunications and power cables laid world-wide there are fewer than ten published studies of their environmental effects in the refereed literature.This paper describes an investigation into the effects of laying and operating the Basslink High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC)cable and its associated metallic return cable across Bass Strait in South East Australia.Over more than 95%of its length the cable was directly laid into a wet jetted trench given the predominantly soft sediments encountered.Underwater remote video investigations found that within two years all visible evidence of the cable and trench was gone at over a third of the transects at six deep water sites(32-72 m deep).At other deep water transects the residual trench trapped drift material providing habitat for the generally sparsely distributed benthic community.Diver surveys at both of the near shore sites(ecological studies by divers over 3.5 years demonstrated the colonization of the hard shell by similar species occupying hard substrates elsewhere on the basalt reef.Magnetic field strengths associated with the operating cable were found to be within 0.8%of those predicted from theory with strength dropping rapidly with distance from the cable.Beyond 20 m the field was indistinguishable from background.

关键词： High Voltage Direct Current Power cable Magnetic field Epibenthos ecological effects Video survey

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利用人工围隔研究沉水植被恢复的生态效应

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生态学杂志 1999年第5期18卷 21-24页

作者：宋碧玉王建曹明戴莽武汉水利电力大学环境工程系!430072 中国科学院水生生物研究所!武汉430072

In order to study the eclological effects of submerged macrophytes restoration, the mesocosm enclosure experiments were conducted in an eutrophicated lake. According to main physico-chemical factors, content of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a and biodiversity of protozoan community, the restoration of submerged macrophytes made the water quality much better and the protozoan community diversity greater.

关键词： submerged macropytes ecological effects biodiversity.

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Unwanted and unintended effects of culling: A case for ecologically-based rodent management

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 247-259页

作者： Grant R.SINGLETON Peter R.BROWN Jens JACOB Ken P.APLIN SUDARMAJI International Rice Research Institute ManilaPhilippines CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Indonesian Institute for Rice Research Central Research Institute for Food CropsSubangWest JavaIndonesia

In this study, the ecological effects of culling programs are considered in the context of rodent pest management.Despite the escalation of rodent problems globally, over the past quarter of a century there have not been many newdevelopments in culling programs directed at managing these populations. There is a strong reliance on broad scaleuse of chemical rodenticides or other lethal methods of control. The ecological consequences of culling programsbased on chemical rodenticides and bounty systems are considered. Although rodents cause tremendous economichardship to people on a continental scale, usually less than 10% of species cause substantial impacts. Indeed, manyspecies of rodent provide important “ecological services” and, given that culling programs rarely distinguishbetween rodent species, often the non-pest rodents are at grave risk. Rodent control is conducted with littleappreciation of what proportion of the population would need to be culled for a significant reduction in economicdamage. In Indonesian rice fields, once rodent densities are high then a reduction in yield loss from 30% to 15%would require more than 75% of the population to be culled;a reduction to less than 5% yield loss would requiremore than a 95% cull. The negative ecological consequences of culling can be better managed if the method isspecifically tailored to the species that need to be managed. A greater emphasis on ecologically-based rodentmanagement would assist markedly in reducing the unwanted and unintended effects of culling.

关键词： bounty systems culling ecological effects rodenticides rodents.

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Canonical Correlation Factors Causing the Formation of Accumulated Sand-belts along the Oasis Fringe in Hexi Corridor

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2014年第5期6卷 279-284页

作者： Chang Zhaofeng Wang Qiangqiang Zhang Jianhui Tang Jinnian Zhu Shujuan Fan Baoli Zhang Dabiao Liu Shizeng Zhang Guozhong Li Aide Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies Gansu Desert Control Research Institute

Accumulated sand-belts refer to those formed along the oasis fringe,especially at the upwind location,due to the accumulation of sand blocked by farmland windbreak. In the 60 years since the foundation of new China,a lot of trees have been planted for desertification combating in northwest and north China,thus,accumulated sand-belts were formed at the upwind location. The formation and the ecological effects of the accumulated sand-belts along the oasis fringe is a new scientific concern. To study the formation causes of these belts in Hexi corridor,21 samples were selected,and the height / width of the belts,as well as the vegetation,soil,soil moisture and climatic factors were investigated. This paper analyzed the correlation between the height / width of the belts and the vegetation,soil,soil moisture and climatic factors using the methods of variance analysis,correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate that: the accumulated sand-belts take a trend of being high and wide in the east whereas low and narrow in the west,and most of the parts tend to be stable; the species on the belts are dominated by Tamarix austromongolica,the vegetation cover and the pure vegetation cover of different dominant species on the leeward slope of the accumulated sand-belts vary significantly. The canonical correlation analysis shows that: the height and width of accumulated sand-belt is the interaction of precipitation,distance to the sand source,leeward vegetation cover and annual average wind speed. Moreover,the height of accumulated sand-belts are negatively correlated to the soil moisture at the depth of 30- 50 cm,air humidity and leeward vegetation cover,and the width of the belts is also negatively correlated with the distance to the sand source. The ecological effects of the accumulated sand-belts are both positive( stopping sands from moving into farmland,protective role as an obstacle)and negative( when the belts decay and activate one day,they will become the new sand sources). At present

关键词： Height of accumulated sand-belt Width of accumulated sand-belt Climatic and environmental factors Canonical correlation factors ecological effects Hexi of Gansu

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Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries:A Literature Review

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2013年第3期 241-252页

作者： Levent Bat Murat Sezgin Fatih Şahin Sinop University Fisheries Faculty Department of Hydrobiology TR57000 Sinop Turkey

There is an increasing demand for energy in the world.It is well known that non-renewable energy reserves will be irreversibly used at some point.The effects of climate change and limited fossil energy resources have led to an increasing interest in generating energy such as electricity from renewable energy resources.Wind energy is currently the most important renewable energy source for electricity generation which is rapidly becoming a key objective of most European and other countries due to a high demand,both economically and politically.Wind energy provides a safe,clean,sustainable and competitive alternative for conventional sources of energy.European countries like Germany,the Netherlands,United Kingdom,Denmark and Sweden are currently operating offshore wind farms(OWFs)and have plans to increase the production of electricity by wind power.The growth of OWFs has raised concerns about their impact on the marine environment.Focus of this review is to show possible impacts of OWFs on the physical and biological environment reviewing existing knowledge from the literature.

关键词： Offshore Wind Farms(OWF) Fish Benthos ecological effects Fishery

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