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ecological adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica root system architecture to arid environments

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第2期6卷 150-158页

作者： LiShan Shan Yi Li DongMei Geng QiuLian Dong College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural University

The architectural parameters of Reaumuria soongorica root system in different habitats of Gansu Province, China were analyzed to examine its ecological adaptability to arid environments. Results show that：（1） Topological indices of R. Soongorica root sys- tem are small in all habitats, and root branching pattem tends to be dichotomous. Also, the indices gradually increase in the Min- qin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, which indicates that drought tends to produce her- ringbone-like root branching pattems. （2） Fractal dimension values ofR. Soongorica root system are small and not obvious in the Minqin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, with values of 1.1778 and 1.1169, respectively. Fractal dimension values are relatively large in Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which indicates that the R. Soongorica root system has better fractal characteristics in this region than in the other regions. （3） Total branching ra- tios of the R. Soongorica root system in arid regions of Hexi Corridor are smaller than that in the Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. This shows that root branching ability in the semi-arid region is stronger, and it decreases to some degree with increased drought. （4） The root connection lengths of R. soongorica root system are long in all habitats, but there are significant length differences between the different habitats. The root connection length at the Minqin windblown sand region is the longest. It is concluded that R. soongoriea adapts to arid environments by decreasing root branching, decreasing root overlap and increasing root connection length, which makes its root branching pattern tend to be herringbone-like to reduce com- petition in root internal environment for nutrients and to enhance root absorption rate of nutrients, and ensure effective nutrition space. Thus the roots can absorb enough water and nutrients

关键词： topological indices fractal dimension fractal abundance ecological adaptation root architecture

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Statistical analysis on ecological adaptation of pelagic Amphipoda in the East China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第6期28卷 61-69页

作者： XU Zhaoli Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology of Ministry of Agri- culture East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences Shanghai 200090 China

This article studied the diversity of Amphipoda＇s environmental adaptation using statistic method- ology based on the seasonal investigation data obtained from the East China Sea waters （23°30′- 33°N, 118°30′128°E） from 1997 to 2000. Fifty-four Amphipoda species were identified： among which eight species could stand a temperature difference over 10 ℃ and eight species could tolerate the temperature gap ranged from 5 to 10 ℃; while only six species could stand the salinity fluctuation more than 5. Based on above facts as well as calculated optimal temperature and salinity we divided all Amphipoda species into four groups：（1） eurythermic and euryhalinous species including Lestrigonus schizogeneios, L. macrophthalmus, Tetrathyrus forcipatus, L. bengalensis and Hyperi- oides sibaginis; （2） temperate-warm species containing Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto gau- dichaudi, Themisto japonica and Hyperia galba; （3） oceanic tropical species consisted of Oxycephalus clausi~ Lyeaea pulex, Eupronoe minuta, Simorhychotus antennarius, O. poreelus, Platyscelus ovoides and Rhabdosoma ahitei; （4） subtropical species involving one nearshore subtropical water species （Corophium uenoi） and 37 offshore subtropical ones. Compared with other zooplankton such as Eu- phausia and Chaetognatha, Amphipoda was characterized by low dominance but wide distribution in the East China Sea, and this could be ascribed to its high adaptation diversity.

关键词： East China Sea zooplankton Amphipoda ecological adaptation optimal tempera- ture optimal salinity

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ecological adaptation of Eupatorium adenophorum populations to light intensity

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Journal of Forestry Research 2006年第2期17卷 116-120页

作者：孙晓玉陆兆华李鹏辉姜骑山梁震中国矿业大学恢复生态学研究所北京100083

Eupatorium adenophorum is one of main invasive plants in China and has caused great economic losses. A study was conducted to determine the biomass allocation, leaf morphology and growth response of E. adenophorum seedlings that grew under five different intensities （relative irradiances RI 10%, 20 %, 30%, 55%, 100%） for 14 months. Results reveal that the species shows typical leaf morphological adaptation to different light conditions. The total biomass of seedlings increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 55% RI but decreased at RI 100% （full sunlight）. Height growth increased with the increase of light intensity from 10% to 30% RI but decreased when light intensity was over 30% RI. At low light levels, plants enhanced light availability by means of increasing biomass allocation to leaves and formation of larger, thinner leaves with high specific leaf area （SLA）, leading to a high leaf area ratio （LAR） and high stem strips length （SSL）. The mean relative growth rate （RGR） of the plant increased with the light intensity increase and attained the maximum at 55% RI. The growth of seedlings at 30%-55% RI was much better than that at full light condition. This might be an adaptive strategy that supports the vigorous invasiveness of this species, because a high-shaded canopy could prevent other plant species from surviving and growing. This study indicates that E. adenophorum could adapt to different light conditions, especially to low light habit. This can explain its greater invasiveness.

关键词： ecological adaptation Eupatorium adenophorum Invasiveness Light intensity

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ecological adaptation of heading date and photoperiod sensitivity in Chinese japonica rice

Ecological adaptation of heading date and photoperiod sensit...

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2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Junyi Gong Benyi Cheng Junhui Xia Lei Wang Shihua Yang China National Center for Rice Improvement and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute

Heading date(HD) and photoperiod sensitivity(PS) are important traits for the adaptation of rice to different cultivation areas and cropping seasons,and are significantly affected by environmental factors. Identification of the HD and PS adaptation among rice varieties could prove invaluab le information during rice germplasm management and help researchers develop strategies to improve cultivars. In our study,HDs of 583 major inbred japonica varieties native to different regions in China were analyzed under organic farming conditions in Hangzhou and Sanya for four years. Basic vegetative phase(BVP),photoperiod sensitivity index(PSI),the original climatic and geographical information(temperature,latitude and longitude) were analyzed. Phenotypic variation analysis showed BVP,HD and PSI exhibited distinct ecological and geographical distributions in China. Correlation and regression analysis showed that BVP,latitude,longitude,PSI,and temperature could affect HD differently in the five main ecologically distinct rice growing regions. Five regression equations were obtained for predicting the adaptation of japonica rice in the five ecological regions. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index on the phenotype of BVP,HD and PSI showed an overall mean of 0.47 in the germplasm collection,and exhibited wide ecologically and geographically distribution. Cluster analysis demonstrated that HD plays an important role in the regional adaptation of rice and that there had been some changes in the regionalization of Chinese japonica varieties during the past 50 years. Cluster analysis also showed that there were sub-regions between and in the five main regions,These results would be useful for rice introduction and commercial extension of rice cultivars to different cropping regions in China,and also be important to analyze the effects of global warming on rice regionalization. Meanwhile,methods used in the study have reference values to the rice regionalization analysis in other countri

关键词： ecological adaptation heading date japonica rice photoperiod sensitivity

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Interspecific differences and ecological correlations between scale number and skin structure in freshwater fishes

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 491-500页

作者： Haoran Gu Haoyu Wang Shudang Zhu Dengyue Yuana Xiangyan Dai Zhijian Wang Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of ChongqingSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Life Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China QuJing NO.1 Middle School Qing Yuan Campus QuJing 655099China College of Fisheries Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis,dermis,and its derivative *** is a wide diversity in scale number in fishes,but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic histological *** research aimed to improve our understanding of the functional relationship between the scale number and the skin structure in freshwater fishes and to determine which ecological factors affect the scale number and skin ***,we presented a method to quantify skin structure in fish and histologically quantified the skin structure of 54 freshwater ***,we collected the scale number and habitat information of 509 Cyprinidae fishes in China and explored which ecological factors were related to their scale ***,common carp and scaleless carp were used as models to study the effects of scale loss on *** found a strong negative correlation between scale thickness and scale *** main factor affecting the skin structure of fishes was the species’water column position,and the skin of benthic fishes was the most well-developed(thicker skin layers(dermis,epidermis)or more/larger goblet cells and club cells).The scale number was related to two factors,namely,temperature and water column position,and cold,benthic and pelagic adaptation may have contributed to increased scale *** in benthic fishes,the more well-developed their skin,the more *** common carp,scale loss did not affect its swimming *** summary,we suggest that there is a rich diversity of skin structure in freshwater fishes,and the scales of fish with well-developed skin tend to degenerate(greater number/smaller size/thinner,or even disappear),but the skin of fish with degenerated scales is not necessarily well developed.

关键词： ecological adaptation functional antagonism scale degeneration scale number skin structure

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多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及地理分布成因的探讨

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Current Zoology 1986年第3期32卷 266-272页

作者：张春光中国科学院动物研究所

本文根据对多鳞铲颔鱼的分布、生物学特性及栖居河段的生态环境等所做的调查和研究,探讨了多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及分布成因等问题。做为对北方寒冷气候的适应,多鳞铲颌鱼有蛰伏泉穴越冬的习性,越冬期近6个月;推测多鳞铲颌鱼是由原始... 详细信息

本文根据对多鳞铲颔鱼的分布、生物学特性及栖居河段的生态环境等所做的调查和研究,探讨了多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及分布成因等问题。做为对北方寒冷气候的适应,多鳞铲颌鱼有蛰伏泉穴越冬的习性,越冬期近6个月;推测多鳞铲颌鱼是由原始鲃类演化来的,形成于更新世早期;现代分布状况可能是受第四纪冰期的影响而造成的。

关键词： Barbine fish Varicorhinus (Scaphesthes) macrolepis Distribution ecological adaptation Zoogeography.

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Epidermal characters of Tamarix L.(Tamaricaceae) from Northwest China and their taxonomic and palaeogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2018年第2期7卷 179-196页

作者： Jian-Wei Zhang Ashalata D'Rozario Shi-Min Duan Xi-Yong Wang Xiao-Qing Liang Bo-Rong Pan Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Botany Narasinha Dutt College Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Yuxi Normal University

The taxonomical position of species of the genus Tamarix(Tamaricaceae) has been criticized because of their gross morphological similarities(such as slender, smooth and reddish-brown branches,grey-green foliage and scale leaves), and their systematic relationships remain unclear. In this paper, the leaf epidermal features of 17 species from China are studied based on the micro-morphological characters of the epidermal cells, stomata, salt glands, papillae and epidermal hairs. According to the studies, the leaf epidermal features, together with the character of the flower, are taxonomically clearly distinct. The establishment of Tamarix albiflonum is consolidated. Tamarix korolkowi and Tamarix ramosissima have minimal differences in epidermal characters, and the former is suggested to be a junior synonym. Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix tarimensis, Tamarix arceuthoides and Tamarix hohenackeri are most similar with respect to their leaf epidermis; considering the common morphological features, habit, distribution and especially the hybridization, it is suggested that these four species are closely genetically related and that the variations among them are probably intraspecific. The new taxonomical evidence indicates the occurrence of13 species and four variants in China. Presently, Tamarix is a typical plant of arid and semi-arid regions, but its Eocene ancestors lived in warm and humid climates in the coastal areas of the ancient Mediterranean ***, the papillae or epidermal hairs, which are outgrowths of the outer epidermal cells facilitating the leaf to respond to water stress and commonly seen in the plants growing in arid or semi-arid areas rather than the plants in warm and humid climates, are of relatively recent origin in Tamarix. The primitive species lack papillae or epidermal hairs, while in evolved species these structures are abundant. Based on the ecological adaptations of the epidermal features, the palaeogeographic implications of Tamarix in the Late

关键词： Anatomy Arid region Epidermis ecological adaptation Phylogenetic evolution Tamarix Northwest China

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Endocast Morphological Variation and Its Driving Forces in Scutiger boulengeri

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第4期13卷 269-283页

作者： Yinmeng HOU Xiaoxiao SHU Shengchao SHI Xiuqin LIN Luyao XIAO Jianping JIANG Jianghong RAN Feng XIE CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China Mangkang Biodiversity and ecological Station Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangdu 854500TibetChina

Cranialendocasts canbeusedasareliable proxy for brain size,reflecting the evolutionary and environmental selection pressure of *** studies on endocasts in amphibians have increased in recent years,those performed on endocasts of Anura are comparatively rare,especially at the intraspecific ***,using a high-altitude endemic toad-Scutiger boulengeri-as a model,through the application of integrative methods(morphology,anatomy,phylogeny,and ecology),we studied intraspecific variations in endocast morphology and explored its driving ***-dimensional reconstruction and the brain-to-endocranial cavity(BEC)index suggested that the endocast of *** can reflect brain morphology to a large *** Fourier analysis andprincipal componentanalysis revealedgreat variability in the cranial endocast morphology among individuals,as well as the variation concentrated in the regions of telencephalon and optic *** the species,individuals with large bodies are accompanied by a larger endocast size;the relative endocast sizes have significant cladedifferences but no sexual ***,the relative endocast sizes of *** were not associated with phylogenetic history and aquatic preference but were positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with oxygen content,temperature,and precipitation factors(annual mean temperature,temperature seasonality,annual precipitation,and precipitation seasonality).Thesefindings suggested that high-altitude and extreme environmental conditions acted as important selectiveforces in morphological variation of the cranial endocastof ***.

关键词： aquatic preference cranial endocast ecological adaptation phylogenetichistory shapevariation

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Phenotypic Plasticity in Embryonic Development of Reptiles:Recent Research and Research Opportunities in China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Weiguo DU Xiang JI Richard SHINE Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University Biological Sciences University of Sydney

Adaptive developmental plasticity can enable an organism to modify its phenotype rapidly, in response to local （and perhaps, unpredictable） conditions, by altering reaction norms during development. Previous studies on this topic have been dominated by western scientists, employing western study systems and approaches. Recently, the expansion of Chinese ecological research has seen a broadening of studies taxonomically （phylogenetically）. Here, we briefly summarize research that has been conducted on developmental plasticity in Chinese reptiles over the past two decades, and suggest productive directions for future studies in this field. There are exciting research opportunities in this field in China, and we call for increased collaboration between western and eastern scientists to elucidate the role of developmental plasticity in evolutionary responses of organisms to environmental changes. As human activities increase the intensity and frequency of such changes, the need to understand responses of biological systems becomes an increasingly urgent priority.

关键词： developmental plasticity embryonic reptile ecological adaptation environmental change China

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Anatomical and morphological characteristics of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River under extreme drought environment

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第4期3卷 261-267页

作者： Li ZHUANG YaNing CHEN WeiHong LI ZhongKe WANG College of Biology Shihezi University Shihezi 830002 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Populus euphratica *** an old desert tree species that has been naturalized and invades zones along the watercourses in many arid and semiarid *** plant species developed some plasticity to adapt to the gradual environmental *** aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the changes in leaf morphology of *** reflect the adaptability of the plant to the unique environment of the lower reaches of Tarim River in *** foliar architecture,blade epidermal and internal anatomies of *** were analyzed at different sites along the Tarim *** with the abaxial surface of the leaves,their adaxial surface has more hairs,a greater stomatal density and opening,higher mesophyll proportion,and increased blade thickness,palisade width,and epidermal *** long trichome of the roots found at site 6 in the Yinsu section may be an adapted structure of the plants in arid *** mature leaves of *** have comparatively more epidermis and cuticles,well developed palisades and more chloroplasts at different sites compared to the young *** morphological and anatomical variability in *** may be considered an adaptive advantage that enables leaves to develop and function in different habitats,marked by strong variations in solar radiation,air temperature,humidity and water table.

关键词： P.euphratica ecological adaptation leaf morphology water stress Tarim River

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