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Nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution:Mechanism,quantification,and pattern

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1529-1544页

作者： Chuan YUAN Xiaoping YUE Yafeng ZHANG Yu ZHANG Yanting HU Qiang TANG Li GUO Shuai WANG Xingwu DUAN Wenhua XIANG Xiaohua WEI Xiaoyan LI College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Geographical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development Institute of International Rivers and Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia(Okanagan)KelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Vegetation canopies intercept and redistribute rainfall into throughfall and stemflow,which transfer substantial amounts of elements into the soil,influencing soil microbial community,plant survival,and plant community succession.Despite advancements in ecohydrological research,the implication of nutrient enrichment resulting from this redistribution of rainfall by canopies remains largely unexplored.To address this gap,we conducted a systematic review of 1020 papers published between 2000 and 2022,gathering data on nutrient concentration and enrichment for critical ions(including K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NH_(4)^(+),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-))from the Web of Science and Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure databases.We aimed to synthesize the mechanisms,quantify the enrichments,and identify global patterns of nutrient enrichment in stemflow and throughfall across climate zones,and vegetation types and ecosystems.The results of this study indicate that stemflow exhibits,on average,2.1times greater ion concentration(6.13 mg L^(-1))compared to throughfall.In particular,among the investigated ions,SO_(4)^(2-)(12.45and 6.32 mg L^(-1))for stemflow and throughfall,respectively,and Cl^(-)(9.21 and 4.81 mg L^(-1))exhibit the highest concentrations in both rainfall redistribution components,while K^(+)(13.7 and 5.8)and Mg^(2+)(5.6 and 2.8)have the highest enrichment factors.Across climate zones,throughfall and stemflow show the lowest ion concentrations but the highest enrichment factors in extremely humid regions.Along the temperature gradient,ion concentrations are the highest in cold climates with no clear patterns observed for enrichment factors with increasing temperature.In addition,shrubs,conifers,mixed forests,and artificial ecosystems demonstrate enrichment factors 1.1 to 3.0 times greater than those of trees,broad-leaved plants,pure forests,and natural ecosystems.These findings emphasize the need for increased attentions to artificial ecosystems,such as urban and agricultural ecosystems,which often received

关键词： ecohydrology Rainfall redistribution Nutrients transport Enrichment characteristics Climate zones

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Vegetation phenology and its ecohydrological implications from individual to global scales

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 334-338页

作者： Shouzhi Chen Yongshuo H.Fu Fanghua Hao Xiaoyan Li Sha Zhou Changming Liu Jing Tang College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Water Cycle and Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversitySölvegatan 12SE-22362LundSweden Terrestrial Ecology Section Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark

The Earth is experiencing unprecedented climate change.Vegetation phenology has already showed strong response to the global warming,which alters mass and energy fluxes on terrestrial ecosystems.With technology and method developments in remote sensing,computer science and citizen science,many recent phenology-related studies have been focused on macrophenology.In this perspective,we 1)reviewed the responses of vegetation phenology to climate change and its impacts on carbon cycling,and reported that the effect of shifted phenology on the terrestrial carbon fluxes is substantially different between spring and autumn;2)elaborated how vegetation phenology affects ecohydrological processes at different scales,and further listed the key issues for each scale,i.e.,focusing on seasonal effect,local feedbacks and regional vapor transport for individual,watershed and global respectively);3)envisioned the potentials to improve current hydrological models by coupling vegetation phenology-related processes,in combining with machine learning,deep learning and scale transformation methods.We propose that comprehensive understanding of climate-macrophenology-hydrology interactions are essential and urgently needed for enhancing our understanding of the ecosystem response and its role in hydrological cycle under future climate change.

关键词： Global warming Marcophenology Carbon balance ecohydrology

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Feedbacks between vegetation restoration and local precipitation over the Loess Plateau in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第6期64卷 920-931页

作者： Baoqing ZHANG Lei TIAN Xining ZHAO Pute WU Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Green Development for the Yellow River Drainage Basin Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China

The implementation of large-scale vegetation restoration over the Chinese Loess Plateau has achieved clear improvements in vegetation fraction,as evidenced by large areas of slopes and plains being restored to grassland or forest.However,such large-scale vegetation restoration has altered land-atmosphere exchanges of water and energy,as the land surface characteristics have changed.These variations could affect regional climate,especially local precipitation.Quantitatively evaluating this feedback is an important scientific question in hydrometeorology.This study constructs a coupled land-atmosphere model incorporating vegetation dynamics,and analyzes the spatio-temporal changes of different land use types and land surface parameters over the Loess Plateau.By considering the impacts of vegetation restoration on the water-energy cycle and on land-atmosphere interactions,we quantified the feedback effect of vegetation restoration on local precipitation across the Loess Plateau,and discussed the important underlying processes.To achieve a quantitative evaluation,we designed two simulation experiments,comprising a real scenario with vegetation restoration and a hypothetical scenario without vegetation restoration.These enabled a comparison and analysis of the net impact of vegetation restoration on local precipitation.The results show that vegetation restoration had a positive effect on local precipitation over the Loess Plateau.Observations show that precipitation on the Loess Plateau increased significantly,at a rate of 7.84 mm yr^(-2),from 2000 to 2015.The simulations show that the contribution of large-scale vegetation restoration to the precipitation increase was about 37.4%,while external atmospheric circulation changes beyond the Loess Plateau contributed the other 62.6%.The average annual precipitation under the vegetation restoration scenario over the Loess Plateau was 12.4%higher than that under the scenario without vegetation restoration.The above research results have important theoretical and practical s

关键词： Coupled land-atmosphere modeling Vegetation restoration Water balance Hydrometeorology ecohydrology

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Effects of soil-plant system change on ecohydrology during revegetation for mobile dune stabilization, Chinese arid desert

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第3期1卷 230-237页

作者： HongLang Xiao, Juan Ren, XinRong Li Key Laboratory of ecohydrology and River Basin Science, Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Key Lab Ecohydrol & River Basin Sci Shapotou Desert Res & Expt Stn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

Soil-plant systems play an important role in sand fixing and surface protection in the arid desert of China. This study examines the ecohydrological responses after a soil-plant system change for mobile dune stabilization by using a series of soil hydrological experiments and ecological investigation. The study results showed that decades of succession of soil-plant system has endangered the stability of the protection system. With the accumulated water and nutrient, a bio-logical system develops in a thinner and thinner surface soil. Redistribution of precipitation has changed completely in the ecosystem. In 3–15 mm of soil, a high capacity of crust water retention ultimately limits most rainfall from infiltrating below 10–20 cm deep. When that takes place, lower plants begin to compete for water with grasses and shrubs. A drought horizon forms in 20–500 cm depth with shrub transpiration. Artificial shrubs with deep roots obtain hardly rainfall supply and are gradually eliminated from the protection system. All changes in water environment affect the structure and func-tion and stabilization of whole protection systems. It is necessary to establish a relatively stable water environment by managing the soil-plant system for constructing a sustainable protective system in arid desert.

关键词： drought layer ecohydrology soil-plant system water cycle

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Soil substrate as a cascade of capillary barriers for conserving water in a desert environment:lessons learned from arid nature

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 690-703页

作者： Ali Al-MAKTOUMI Said Al-ISMAILY Anvar KACIMOV Hamed Al-BUSAIDI Said Al-SAQRI Mansour Al-HADABI Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityPO Box 34 Al Khoud 123MuscatSultanate of Oman EcOman Centre Petroleum Development Oman LLC PO Box 81MuscatSultanate of Oman

Interaction between soil pedogenesis, subsurface water dynamics, climate, vegetation and human ingenuity in a desert environment has been found to result in a unique ecohydrological system with an essentially three dimensional sedimentation structure in the bed of a recharge dam in Oman. A 3-D array of silt blocks sand- wiched by dry sand-filled horizontal and vertical fractures was studied in pot experiments as a model of a natural prototype. Pots are filled with a homogenous sand-silt mixture （control） or artificially structured （smart design, SD） soil substrates. Rhodes grass and ivy （Ipomea, Convolvulaceae） were grown in the pots during the hottest season in Oman. Soil moisture content （SMC） was measured at different depths over a period of 20 days without irrigation. SD preserved the SMC of the root zone for both ivy and grass （SMC of around 25%-30% compared to 〈10% for control, 3 days after the last irrigation）. Even after 20 days, SMC was around 18% in the SD and 7% in the control. This, similar to the case of a natural prototype, is attributed to the higher upward capillary movement of water in control pots and intensive evaporation. The capillary barrier of sand sheaths causes discontinuity in moisture mi- gration from the micro-pores in the silt blocks to sand pores. The blocks serve as capillarity-locked water buffers, which are depleted at a slow rate by transpiration rather than evaporation from the soil surface. This creates a unique ecosystem with a dramatic difference in vegetation between SD-pots and control pots. Consequently, the Noy-Meir edaphic factor, conceptualizing the ecological impact of 1-D vertical heterogeneity of desert soils, should be generalized to incorporate 3-D soil heterogeneity patterns. This agro-engineering control of the soil substrate and soil moisture distribution and dynamics （SMDaD） can be widely used by desert farmers as a cheap technique, with significant savings of irrigation water.

关键词： soil capillary barrier infiltration soil heterogeneity ecohydrology hydropedology plant root soil moisture content

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Effect of rainfall interannual variability on the biomass and soil water distribution in a semiarid shrub community

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 729-737页

作者： LIU JunShanXU XiaZHANG Yong,TIAN YuQiang & GAO Qiong State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,College of Resources Science & Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Resources Science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The dynamics of biomass and soil moisture in semiarid land is driven by both the current rainfall and the ecosystem memory.Based on a meta-analysis of existing experiments,an ecosystem model was used to calculate the effect of the rainfall interannual variability on the pattern of biomass and soil moisture in a shrub community.It was found that rainfall interannual variability enabled shrubs to be more competitive than grasses,and to maintain the dominant role over a longer time.The rainfall interannual variability resulted in complex soil moisture dynamics.The soil water recharge in wet years alternated with discharge in drought years.

关键词： rainfall shrub community Artemisia ordosica ecosystem model ecohydrology

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Changes in rainfall partitioning caused by the replacement of native dry forests of Lithraea molleoides by exotic plantations of Pinus elliottii in the dry Chaco mountain forests, central Argentina

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第5期12卷 717-729页

作者： Samia S CORTÉS Juan I WHITWORTH-HULSE Eduardo L PIOVANO Diego E GURVICH Patricio N MAGLIANO Land Science Research Center(CICTERRA-CONICET)and National University of Córdoba Av.Vélez Sarsfield 1611X5016GCA CórdobaArgentina Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology National University of Córdoba and CONICETCC 495X5000JJC CórdobaArgentina Environmental Study Group Institute of Applied Maths of San LuisNational University of San Luis and CONICETEjército de los Andes 950D5700HHW San LuisArgentina Department of Biology Faculty of ChemistryBiochemistry and PharmacyNational University of San LuisEjército de los Andes 950D5700HHW San LuisArgentina

The replacement of native dry forests by commercial(exotic)tree plantations could generate changes in rainfall partitioning,which further affects the water cycle.In this study,we determined(i)the rainfall partitioning into interception,throughfall and stemflow,(ii)the role of rainfall event size on rainfall partitioning,(iii)the pH of water channelized as throughfall and stemflow,and(iv)the runoff in Lithraea molleoides(a native species)and Pinus elliottii(an exotic species)stands in the dry Chaco mountain forests,central Argentina.On average,interception,throughfall and stemflow accounted for 19.3%,79.5%and 1.2%of the gross rainfall in L.molleoides stand,and 32.6%,66.7%and 0.7%of the gross rainfall in P.elliottii stand,respectively.Amounts of interception,throughfall and stemflow presented positive linear relationships with the increment of rainfall event size for both tree species(P<0.01 in all cases).Percentages of interception,throughfall and stemflow were all related to the increment of rainfall event size,showing different patterns.With increasing rainfall event size,interception exponentially decreased,throughfall asymptotically increased and stemflow linearly increased.Both P.elliottii and L.molleoides stands presented significant differences in the pH values of water channelized as throughfall(6.3 vs.6.7,respectively;P<0.01)and stemflow(4.5 vs.5.8,respectively;P<0.01).Runoff occupied only 0.3%of the gross rainfall in P.elliottii stand and was zero in L.molleoides stand.Our results showed that the native species L.molleoides presented 13.6%more water reaching the topsoil(i.e.,net rainfall;net rainfall=gross rainfall-interception-runoff)than the exotic species P.elliottii.This study improves our understanding of the effects of native vegetation replacement on the local water balance in the dry forest ecosystems.

关键词： drylands ecohydrology land use changes spatial heterogeneity water-limited environments

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Ecological-hydrological processes in arid environment： Past, present and future

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第12期27卷 1577-1594页

作者： SONG Changqing YUAN Lihua YANG Xiaofan FU Bojie State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UnJversity Beijing 100875 China Center for GeoData and Analysis Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute of Land Surface Systems and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

ecohydrology, aiming to study the interactions between terrestrial ecological systems and hydrological cycles as well as their impacts on water management, has been an emerging interdisciplinary research field since the 20th century. It hosts both natural and human regulated processes that are potentially coupled in complex ways. Understanding the ecological-hydrological processes, the fundamental mechanisms and the connections be- tween them is critical since these processes are not isolated but integrated to impact ba- sin-scale hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of a larger river system, especially in arid environment where water resources are considered to be the source of life. Thus, re- search on ecological-hydrological processes in arid environment is not only a scientific focus area but also important to sustainable development. Research projects and initiatives involved in observation, measurement, modeling and data assimilation have been well-developed for those purposes over the past 20 years. This review summarizes the historical development of ecohydrology science in China and the state-of-the-art tools available in the research framework. Five grand scientific challenges are listed as prospects and exciting opportunities for the scientific community. To advance the current ecological-hydrological processes research, scientists from multidisciplinary backgrounds （such as geography, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, geochemistry and ecology）, need to unite to tackle the many open problems in new dimensions.

关键词： ecohydrology arid environment observation measurement modeling data assimilation

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Dynamic behavior of stormwater quality parameters in South Texas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第6期6卷 825-830页

作者： Xubin PAN Jingyi ZHANG Wei-Ta FANG Kim D.JONES Institute of Plant Quarantine Chinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing 100029China Department of Environmental Engineering Texas A&M University-KingsvilleKingsvilleTX 78363USA Graduate Institute of Environmental Education Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipei 116China

To control water impairment in urban storm- water, it is important to evaluate changing patterns of water quality parameters in stormwater runoff. Thus, the authors performed a series of experiments to investigate the dynamics of common water parameters during storm events in semi-arid areas, with multiple samples collected and analyzed in field stormwater applications. At this field monitoring site within McAuliffe Park, McAllen, Texas, in the United States, a storm event increased the concentra- tions of Escherichia coli （E. coli）, but this event represented a decreasing trend over the entire event period. Besides, peak intensity of different pollutants in the stormwater runoff occurred at different times other than at any peak flows, representing a complexity of the temporal and spatial measurements. Multi-sample per- event approaches recommended based on the complexity of the hydrograph and different peak intensity times of pollutants. In addition, high bacteria and total suspended solids （TSS） concentrations in the initial stage of the storm event should be considered when designing Best Manage- ment Practices （BMPs） and Low Impact Developments （LIDs）. New strategies and solutions for addressing ecohydrological challenges should be proposed to avoid collateral damages to their both common wealth in ecosystems and human well-beings.

关键词： event mean concentration first flush multi-sample per event ecohydrology

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Fingerprinting sediment sources in a typical karst catchment of southwest China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第3期8卷 277-285页

作者： Zhenwei Li Xianli Xu Yaohua Zhang Kelin Wang Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Due to the complex hydrogeological conditions in karst regions,it is difficult to measure sediment source contributions at a catchment scale directly.The objective of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of sediment sources and their temporal variability in a karst catchment in southwest China.Karst depressions can trap eroded sediment similar to a dam or reservoir and,thus,are representative and typical test beds for identifying sediment sources in karst regions.Three sediment cores were taken from a karst depression,58 soil samples from three potential sediment sources were collected,and 18 soil properties were analyzed.The relative contributions of cropland,forestland,and fissure or crack soils were calculated using a multivariate mixing model.The fingerprinting results demonstrated that the cropland was the main sediment source in karst catchment.Specifically,according to the mean sediment contributions of the three deposited sediment cores,the sediment contribution from cropland topsoil was 69.3%,varying from 46.9%to 92.3%,and forestland soil and crack soil accounted for 8.6%and 22.1%of the sediment yield,and varying from 2.8%to 16.5%and 4.8%-36.6%,respectively.This result indicated that great attention should be paid when using only a single core to quantify sediment provenance.Due to the deposited sediment was generally disturbed as cropland in the karst depression,the area that has not been disturbed in recent decades in depression was more appropriate to trace sediment sources in karst catchment.To the best of our knowledge,this study was the first to quantify the contributions of sediment sources in the karst catchment of southwest China.This study provides valuable information and a preliminary reference for applying a composite fingerprinting technique to quantify sediment sources in karst catchments.

关键词： Soil erosion Sedimentation Sediment tracing Earth's critical zone ecohydrology

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