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ecohealth research in Southeast Asia: past, present and the way forward

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 36-48页

作者： Hung Nguyen-Viet Siobhan Doria Dinh Xuan Tung Hein Mallee Bruce A Wilcox Delia Grace International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) 17A Nguyen Khang StreetTrung Hoa WardCau Giay DistrictHanoiVietnam Centre for Public Health and Ecosystem Research(CENPHER) Hanoi School of Public Health(HSPH)138 Giang Vo StreetHanoiVietnam Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute(Swiss TPH) Socinstrasse 57Basel CH-4002Switzerland University of Basel Basel 4001Switzerland National Institute and Animal Sciences HanoiVietnam Research Institute for Humanity and Nature(RIHN) KyotoJapan Integrative Education and Research Programme Faculty of Public HealthMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMA 01536USA International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) NairobiKenya

ecohealth is a comprehensive approach to understanding health at its human,animal and environmental interface in a socio-ecological systems context.This approach was introduced widely in Southeast Asia(SEA)by the Canadian International Development Research Centre(IDRC)in the late 2000s.Aimed at addressing the problem of emerging infectious diseases(EIDs),numerous such projects and activities have been generated throughout the region.ecohealth is increasingly converging with the One Health approach,as both movements emphasise a holistic understanding to health.We conducted a scoping review by considering all of the ecohealth programmes,initiatives and projects that have been implemented in SEA since the introduction of the approach,and also gathered information from peer-reviewed literature.The objective of this paper is to review ecohealth activities within SEA over the last 10 years to address the lessons learned,challenges faced and the way forward for ecohealth in the region.Activities range from those focusing purely on capacity,projects focusing on research and projects covering both.Achievements to date include,for example,research contributing to the field of infectious diseases in relation to social ecological factors and associated urbanisation and agricultural intensification.Challenges remain at the project design and implementation level,in the available capacity and coordination to develop ecohealth research teams in the countries,gauging teams’assimilation of ecohealth’s underlying tenets and their translation into sustainable disease prevention and control,as well as in the ability to scale up ecohealth projects.We suggest that the way forward for ecohealth should be from a regional perspective in terms of research,training and policy translation using ecohealth in combination with the One Health approach.

关键词： ecohealth One health Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Transdisciplinary Scientific partnership Capacity building Network ecohealth content

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An ecohealth assessment of poultry production clusters (PPCs) for the livelihood and biosecurity improvement of small poultry producers in Asia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 49-57页

作者： Libin Wang Edi Basuno Tuan Nguyen Worapol Aengwanich Nyak Ilham Xiaoyun Li College of Humanities and Development Studies China Agricultural UniversityQinghua Donglu 17Beijing 100083China Indonesian Center for Agriculture Socio Economic and Policy Studies J1 Ahmad Yani 7016161 BogorIndonesia Center for Agricultural Policy Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentHanoiVietnam Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Mahasarakham UniversityMaha Sarakham 440000Thailand

Background:Poultry production cluster(PPC)programs are key strategies in many Asian countries to engage small commercial poultry producers in high-value production chains and to control infectious poultry diseases.This study assessed the multiple impacts of PPCs through a transdisciplinary ecohealth approach in four Asian countries,and drew the implications for small producers to improve their livelihoods and reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases in the poultry sector.Methods:The data collection combined both quantitative and qualitative methods.It comprised:formal structured household survey questionnaires,measuring the biosecurity level of poultry farms with a biosecurity score card;and key informant interviews.Descriptive statistics were used to process the quantitative data and a content analysis was used to process the qualitative data.Results:This research found that poultry farms in clusters do not necessarily have better economic performance than those outside PPCs.Many farmers in PPCs only consider them to be an advantage for expanding the scale of their poultry operations and improving household incomes,and they are less concerned about-and have limited capacities to-enhancing biosecurity and environmental management.We measured the biosecurity level of farms in PPCs through a 14-item checklist and found that biosecurity is generally very low across all sample sites.The increased flies,mosquitoes,rats,and smells in and around PPCs not only pollute the environment,but also cause social conflicts with the surrounding communities.Conclusion:This research concluded that a poultry cluster,mainly driven by economic objectives,is not necessarily a superior model for the control of infectious diseases.The level of biosecurity in PPCs was found to be low.Given the intensity of poultry operations in PPCs(farms are densely packed into clusters),and the close proximity to residential areas of some PPCs,the risk of spreading infectious diseases,in fact,increases.Good management and collective action for i

关键词： Poultry production cluster(PPC) Small producers Biosecurity Infectious diseases Livelihood ecohealth

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Identifying the impediments and enablers of ecohealth for a case study on health and environmental sanitation in Hà Nam, Vietnam

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 325-337页

作者： Vi Nguyen Hung Nguyen-Viet Phuc Pham-Duc Craig Stephen Scott A McEwen Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph2509 Stewart Building(#45)Guelph N1G 2W1ONCanada Public Health Risk Sciences Division Laboratory for Foodborne ZoonosesPublic Health Agency of Canada160 Research LaneUnit 206GuelphON N1G 5B2Canada Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research Hanoi School of Public Health(HSPH)138 Giang Vo StreetHanoiVietnam Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute(Swiss TPH) and International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI)Socinstrasse 57CH-4002 BaselSwitzerland and HanoiVietnam Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology(ESWAG) Sandec–Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing CountriesP.O.BoxCH-8600DübendorfSwitzerland Department of Ecosystem and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryTRW 2D263280 Hospital DriveNWCalgaryAlberta T2N 4Z6Canada Centre for Coastal Health 900 Fifth StreetNanaimoBritish Columbia V9R 5S5Canada

Background:To date,research has shown an increasing use of the term“ecohealth”in literature,but few researchers have explicitly described how it has been used.We investigated a project on health and environmental sanitation(the conceptual framework of which included the pillars of ecohealth)to identify the impediments and enablers of ecohealth and investigate how it can move from concept to practice.Methods:A case study approach was used.The interview questions were centred on the nature of interactions and the sharing of information between stakeholders.Results:The analysis identified nine impediments and 15 enablers of ecohealth.Three themes relating to impediments,in particular-integration is not clear,don’t understand,and limited participation-related more directly to the challenges in applying the ecohealth pillars of transdisciplinarity and participation.The themes relating to enablers-awareness and understanding,capacity development,and interactions-facilitated usage of the research results.By extracting information on the environmental,social,economic,and health aspects of environmental sanitation,we found that the issue spanned multiple scales and sectors.Conclusion:The challenge of how to integrate these aspects should be considered at the design stage and throughout the research process.We recommend that ecohealth research teams include a self-investigation of their processes in order to facilitate a comparison of moving from concept to practice,which may offer insights into how to evaluate the process.

关键词： ecohealth Evaluation Health Sanitation Case study Vietnam

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