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Applying earth observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,California

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： Fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza Charles K.Huyck Adam Rose Paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy F.Tiampo California State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center for International earth Science Information Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the public.We investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience effects.We applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,California as a case study.We also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling context.We found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact results.The findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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An earth observation potential evaluation model and its application to SDG indicators

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International Journal of Digital earth 2022年第1期15卷 1187-1203页

作者： Meng Jin Ming Lin Yufu Liu Yuqi Bai Department of earth System Science Institute for Global Change StudiesMinistry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory BirdsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Thousands of satellites and instruments are providing very unique long-term,refined,and diverse perception capabilities for the states and changes of the earth's surface environment.When leveraging earth observation(EO)techniques in SDG monitoring in specific regions,an important prerequisite is to evaluate whether EO could meet user requirements in terms of spatial coverage,temporal frequency and observing variables or objects.It is highly expected to have a quantitative model that can not only represent EO capabilities and observation requirements but also evaluate the potential of EO capability to fulfil these requirements.This paper first describes EO capabilities from the satellite's orbit,operation time,spatial resolution,revisit cycle,accessibility and observation relevance level to variables.observation requirements and priorities are then derived from SDG indicators.Finally,the potential model is established to match EO capabilities and user requirements.Taking SDG 14.1.1 as an example,this model is capable of returning an ordered list of satellites and instruments for users to refer to.This model meets the gap of evaluating EO potential to fulfil SDG monitoring.It could make full use of the available EO capabilities worldwide to meet SDG indicator monitoring requirements.

关键词： earth observation remote sensing Sustainable Development Goals

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The influence of lunar surface position on irradiance of moonbased earth radiation observation

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Frontiers of earth Science 2022年第3期16卷 757-773页

作者： Yuan ZHANG Shengshan BI Jiangtao WU Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering(Ministry of Education) School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

As a platform for longer-term continuous moon-based earth radiation observation(MERO)which includes reflected solar short-wave(SW)radiation and long-wave infrared(LW)radiation,the huge lunar surface space can provide multiple location choices.It is important to analyze the influence of lunar surface position on irradiance which is the aim of the present work based on a radiation heat transfer model.To compare the differences caused by positions,the site of 0°E 0°N was selected as the reference site and a good agreement of the calculation results was verified by the comparison with the NISTAR’s actual detected data.By analyzing the spatial characteristics of the irradiance,the results showed that the irradiance on the lunar surface was of circular distribution and the instrument that was placed in the region of 65°W-65°E and 65°S-65°N could detect the irradiance most effectively.The relative deviation between the reference site and the marginal area(region of>65°S or 65°N or>65°W or 65°E)was less than 0.9 mW∙m^(-2) and the small regional differences make a small-scale network conducive to radiometric calibration between instruments.To achieve accurate measurement of the irradiance,the sensitivity design goal of the MERO instrument should be better than 1 mW∙m^(-2) in a future actual design.Because the lunar polar region is the priority region for future exploration,the irradiance at the poles has also been analyzed.The results show that the irradiance changes periodically and exhibits complementary characteristics of time.The variation range of irradiance for short-wave radiation is greater than longwave radiation and the irradiance of SW reaches the maximum at different times.The MERO at the polar region will provide valuable practical experiment for the followup study of the moon-based earth observation in low latitudes.

关键词： irradiance earth observation moon-based lunar surface position NISTAR

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earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： Katherine Anderson Barbara Ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada Lawrence Friedl Group on earth observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz Allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that earth observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated targets.This paper also highlights how the Group on earth observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global earth observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development financing.Through a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the SDGs.We then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： earth observation Group on earth observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda

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earth observation satellite data receiving, processing system and data sharing

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International Journal of Digital earth 2012年第3期5卷 241-250页

作者： Huadong Guo Jianbo Liu An Li Jianguo Zhang Center for earth observation and Digital earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station was established in 1986.It currently has three receiving stations in the north,west,and south of China,with the capacity to receive data from 15 international and domestic earth observation satellites covering the entire Chinese territory and 70%of Asia.Meanwhile,a systematic,integrated,and standardized spatial information service system has been built.A data-sharing project for medium-resolution earth observation satellites has been conducted and plays an important role in land,ocean,and atmospheric resource investigation and environmental monitoring.

关键词： earth observation data receiving data sharing remote sensing applications

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earth observation and geospatial big data management and engagement of stakeholders in Hungary to support the SDGs

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Big earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 306-351页

作者： Szabolcs Mihály Gábor Remetey-Fülöpp Dániel Kristóf Anna Czinkóczky Tamás Palya LászlóPásztor Pál Rudan György Szabó LászlóZentai Hungarian Society of Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing(MFTTT)BudapestHungary earth observation Department Lechner Nonprofit LtdBudapestHungary Department of Laboratory of Spatial Analysis and Environment Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences(MATE)GödöllőHungary GIS Department Lechner Nonprofit Ltd BudapestHungary Department of Soil Mapping and Environmental Institute for Soil SciencesCentre for Agricultural ResearchBudapestHungary Governmental Agency for IT Development BudapestHungary Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Photogrammetry and GeoinformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Institute of Cartography and GeoinformaticsBudapestHungary

To support the monitoring and reporting processes during imple-mentation of the Sustainable Development Goals,well-developed,commonly recognized earth observations and geospatial data,methods,innovations,committed professionals,and strong sus-tainability policies are necessary.This article informs the readers on the earth observation and geoinformation developments and innovations,and on the engagement of profession,academy and governance to support implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Hungary.Description,analyses and critical assessments are given on the elements selected from Hungarian sustainable-oriented earth observation and geospatial novelties:(a)Working Group for Sustainable Development mission and national sustainabilitypolicy,(b)international partnerships,domestic activities and achievements,(c)status of the professional education,(d)spatial databases and services to support implementation of the sustain-able development,(e)a case study on the internationally recog-nized soil geoinformation system,(f)national earth observation Information System and perspectives of its applications for mon-itoring the sustainability.The article conclusion strongly advises the Hungarian realization of(a)institutionalization of the earth observation and geospatial tools and capacity for sustainable development,(b)their use in integration with statistical data,(c)establishment of national spatial information infrastructure and(d)development and spreading of the use of big data.

关键词： earth observation environment GIS soil sustainable development

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The status of earth observation(EO)&Geo-Information Sciences in Africa-trends and challenges

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 107-123页

作者： Tsehaie Woldai School of Geosciences University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Over the last 20 years,Africa has witnessed a slow but steady advancement in space-based technologies as they are increasingly recognized as an essential tool for decision-making that can leapfrog African development.A critical review on the outcome of a survey questionnaire focused on African private sector industries and universities,services and education/training in EO and Geo-Information Sciences,combined with literature review,and personal contacts reveal optimism for success in four sectors.These include the public sector(Government ministries and departments);Academic institutions(universities/colleges/national or regional centers);and space agencies and private sector companies.These sectors are intertwined and fundamental for creating an enabling environment for solutions to a broad spectrum of pressing priorities:job creation,poverty alleviation,and sustainable resource management.The result shows that there is an uptake in the number of institutions and market segments created.To date,there are more than 90 academic institutions and over 53 national space agencies in 28 countries.Within the 53 national space agencies,11 African countries have already launched a total of 36 satellites into orbit,and additional five are expected by the first quarter of 2021;another five by 2025;thus,amounting to 46 satellites not foreseen ten years ago.In addition,there are now ten receiving and tracking stations in six African countries and 17 scientific National Associations or Societies with specialized expertise in Geo-Information technologies.The updated survey on the private sector in 2019 ascertained that around 4110 people are working in 130 of the 229 EO and Geo-Information Science companies identified in Africa.Ongoing investigations reiterate that companies dealing with space-based datasets and Geo-Information Sciences together with the private spin-off companies today absorb more than 15,000 people and the assumption is that this number is going to exceed 100,000 by the year 2025.

关键词： Africa earth observation Geo-Information Sciences space agencies satellites academic institutions private-public sector

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The Australian approach to geospatial capabilities;positioning,earth observation,infrastructure and analytics:issues,trends and perspectives

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 109-125页

作者： Peter Woodgate Isabel Coppa Suelynn Choy Stuart Phinn Lesley Arnold Matt Duckham Australia and New Zealand Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information MelbourneAustralia School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Remote Sensing Research Centre University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Australia and New Zealand Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information PerthAustralia

This paper examines the current state of three of the key areas of geospatial science in Australia:positioning;earth observation(EO);and spatial infrastructures.The paper discusses the limitations and challenges that will shape the development of these three areas of geospatial science over the next decade and then profiles what each may look like in about 2026.Australia’s national positioning infrastructure plan is guiding the development of a nation-wide,sub decimeter,real-time,outdoor positioning capability based on multi-GNSS and in particular the emerging precise point positioning−real-time kinematic(PPP-RTK)capability.Additional positioning systems including the ground-based Locata system,location-based indoor systems,and beacons,among others are also discussed.The importance of the underpinning role of a next generation dynamic datum is considered.The development of Australia’s first EO strategy is described along with the key national needs of the products of remote sensing.The development of massive on-line multi-decadal geospatial imagery data stores and processing engines for co-registered stacks of continuous base-line satellite imagery are explored.Finally,perspectives on the evolution of a future spatial knowledge infrastructure(SKI)emerging from today’s traditional spatial data infrastructures(SDIs)are provided together with discussion of the growing importance of geospatial analytics for transforming whole supply chains.

关键词： Australia geospatial Information positioning earth observation remote sensing spatial knowledge infrastructure(SKI) trends enablers

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Global geospatial data from earth observation:status and issues

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International Journal of Digital earth 2017年第4期10卷 328-341页

作者： Ian Dowman Hannes I.Reuter Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK Gisexperts TrierGermany

Data covering the whole of the surface of the earth in a homogeneous and reliable manner has been accumulating over many years.This type of data became available from meteorological satellites from the 1960s and from earth-observing satellites at a small scale from the early 1970s but has gradually accumulated at larger scales up to the present day when we now have data covering many environmental themes at large scales.These data have been used to generate information which is presented in the form of global data sets.This paper will give a brief introduction to the development of earth observation and to the organisations and sensors which collect data and produce global geospatial data sets.Means of accessing global data sets will set out the types of data available that will be covered.Digital elevation models are discussed in a separate section because of their importance in georeferencing image data as well as their application to analysis of thematic data.The paper will also examine issues of availability,accuracy,validation and reliability and will look at future challenges.

关键词： Global data sets validation standardisation earth observation

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Moon-based earth observation:scientific concept and potential applications

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International Journal of Digital earth 2018年第6期11卷 546-557页

作者： Huadong Guo Guang Liu Yixing Ding Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China

Although earth’s surface parameters obtained from satellite data have become more and more precise,it is still difficult to guarantee temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large-scale geoscience phenomena.Developing new earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and continuity of such data.As the planet’s only natural satellite,the Moon has special advantages as a platform for observing earth,including long lifetime,whole disk view,tectonic stability and unique perspective.After presenting the observation geometry constructed by using the ephemeris,this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of a lunar platform and the proper Moon-based sensors,as well as the scientific objectives of Moon-based earth observation.Solid earth dynamics,the energy budget of earth,earth’s environmental elements and the earth-space environment are four potential applications analysed in this paper.

关键词： Moon-based earth observation energy budget solid earth

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