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Adverse effects of early-life stress:focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 336-341页

作者： Seung Hyun Lee Eui-Man Jung Department of Molecular Biology College of Natural SciencesPusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea

early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health problems.In the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life.Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external stress.Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory dysfunction.This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment.This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.

关键词： early-life stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis maternal separation mental illness neurodevelopmental disorder neuroendocrine system neurotransmitter

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The Nucleus Accumbens CRH–CRHR1 System Mediates early-life stress-Induced Sleep Disturbance and Dendritic Atrophy in the Adult Mouse

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第1期39卷 41-56页

作者： Ting Wang Yu-Nu Ma Chen-Chen Zhang Xiao Liu Ya-Xin Sun Hong-Li Wang Han Wang Yu-Heng Zhong Yun-Ai Su Ji-Tao Li Tian-Mei Si Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Adverse experiences in early life have long-lasting negative impacts on behavior and the brain in adulthood,one of which is sleep disturbance.As the corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)–corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1(CRHR1)system and nucleus accumbens(NAc)play important roles in both stress responses and sleep-wake regulation,in this study we investigated whether the NAc CRH–CRHR1 system mediates early-life stress-induced abnormalities in sleep-wake behavior in adult mice.Using the limited nesting and bedding material paradigm from postnatal days 2 to 9,we found that early-life stress disrupted sleep-wake behaviors during adulthood,including increased wakefulness and decreased non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep time during the dark period and increased rapid eye movement(REM)sleep time during the light period.The stress-induced sleep disturbances were accompanied by dendritic atrophy in the NAc and both were largely reversed by daily systemic administration of the CRHR1 antagonist antalarmin during stress exposure.Importantly,Crh overexpression in the NAc reproduced the effects of early-life stress on sleep-wake behavior and NAc morphology,whereas NAc Crhr1 knockdown reversed these effects(including increased wakefulness and reduced NREM sleep in the dark period and NAc dendritic atrophy).Together,our findings demonstrate the negative influence of early-life stress on sleep architecture and the structural plasticity of the NAc,and highlight the critical role of the NAc CRH–CRHR1 system in modulating these negative outcomes evoked by early-life stress.

关键词： early-life stress Sleep CRH-CRHR1 Nucleus accumbens Morphology

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Learning strategies and the social brain:Missing elements in the link between developmental stress,song and cognition?

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 158-171页

作者： Buddhamas Pralle KRIENGWATANA School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeScotlandUK College of Medicine Veterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK.

Bird songs may advertise aspects of cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early-life environments.However,such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature.Here,I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and cognition.First,learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies.Second,song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and,consequently,should be strongly related at functional and neural levels.Finally,if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources,I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early-life stress,song learning and cognitive ability,focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.

关键词： cognition early-life stress learning strategies song learning spatial memory social behavior

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