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early-life galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation alleviates the small intestinal oxidative stress and dysfunction of lipopolysaccharide-challenged suckling piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1543-1556页

作者： Shiyi Tian Jue Wang Ren Gao Jing Wang Weiyun Zhu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthNational Center for International Research on Animal Gut NutritionNational Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Background:Galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)are non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.This study investigated the protective effect of the early-life GOS supplement on the piglets’gut function against the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-challenge.Methods:Eighteen neonatal piglets were assigned to three groups including CON,LPS and LPS+GOS groups.The piglets in CON group and LPS group received physiological saline,while those in LPS+GOS group received GOS solution for 13 d after birth.On d 14,the piglets in LPS group and LPS+GOS group were injected with LPS solutions,while the piglets in CON group were injected with the same volume of physiological saline.Results:The results showed that the early-life GOS supplement blocked the LPS-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)secretion,malondialdehyde(MDA)production and the increase of pro-apoptotic factor expression.Meanwhile,the early-life GOS supplement improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,disaccharidase enzymes activities,and digestive enzymes activities,and increased the mRNA abundance of the gene related to nutrient digestion and absorption and the relative protein expression of tight junction.The study also showed that the early-life GOS supplement improved the expression of Hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H/quinone acceptor oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).Conclusions:These results suggested that GOS enhanced the gut function,reduced the ROS production and proapoptotic factors gene expression,and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in LPS-challenged piglets.

关键词： early-life Galacto-oligosaccharides Lipopolysaccharide Oxidative stress Suckling piglets

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early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第13期132卷 1582-1590页

作者： Ting Wang Hong-Li Wang Rui Liu Han Wang Yue Zhang Ya-Xin Sun Yun-Ai Su Tian-Mei Si Ji-Tao Li National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital/lnstitute of Mental Health)and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health Ministry of Health(Peking University)Beijing 100191China

Background:Exposure to adverse experiences in early life may profoundly reshape the neurodevelopmental trajectories of the brain and lead to long-lasting behavioral and neural alterations.One deleterious effect of early-life stress that manifests in later life is sleep disturbance,but this has not been examined in aged mice and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown.Considering the important role of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the sleep-wake regulation,this study aimed to assess the effects of early-life stress on the sleep behaviors in aged mice and the potential involvement of the NAc in stress-induced sleep abnormalities.Methods:Twenty aged male C57BL/6 mice (>16 months,n =10 per group) were used in this study.During post-natal days 2 to 9,dams were provided with either sufficient (control) or a limited nesting and bedding materials (stressed).When the mice were 16 to 17 months old,their sleep-wake behaviors were recorded over 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyelogram.The amount of each sleep-wake stage,mean duration,and stage transition was analyzed.Then,five animals were randomly chosen from each group and were used to measure the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular transporters of γ-aminobutyric acid (VGAT) in the NAc using immunohistochemistry.Group comparisons were carried out using Student t test or analysis of variances when appropriate.Results:Compared with the control mice,the early-life stressed aged mice spent less time awake over 24 h (697.97 ± 77.47 min vs.631.33 ± 34.73 min,t17 =2.376,P =0.030),accordingly,non-rapid eye movement sleep time was increased (667.37 ± 62.07 min vs.723.54 ± 39.21 min,t17 =2.326,P =0.033) and mean duration of rapid eye movement sleep was prolonged (73.00 ± 8.98 min vs.89.39 ± 12.69 min,t17 =3.277,P =0.004).Meanwhile,we observed decreased VGluT1/VGAT ratios in the NAc in the stressed group (F(1,16) =81.04,P early adverse experiences disrupt sleep behaviors in aged mice,which might be ass

关键词： early-life stress Sleep Aging Nucleus accumbens Mice

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Perinatal variation and covariation of oxidative status and telomere length in yellow-legged gull chicks

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 509-516页

作者： Marco PAROLINI Cristina Daniela POSSENTI Andrea ROMANO Manuela CAPRIOLI Diego RUBOLINI Nicola SAINO Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of MilanMilanItaly Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBuilding BiophoreLausanneSwitzerland

The perinatal period is critical to survival and performance of many organisms.In birds,rapid postnatal growth and sudden exposure to aerial oxygen around hatching markedly affect the chick redox status,with potentially negative consequences on physiology mediated by oxidative stress.In addition,telomere length(TL)undergoes reduction during birds’early life,partly depending on oxidative status.However,relatively few studies have focused specifically on the changes in oxidative status and TL that occur immediately after hatching.In this study of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis,we found that chicks undergo a marked increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity and a marked decrease in the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules during the first days after hatching.In addition,TL in erythrocytes decreased by 1 standard deviation over the 4days post-hatching.Body mass and tarsus length covaried with total antioxidant capacity and concentration of pro-oxidants in a complex way,that partly depended on sex and laying order,suggesting that oxidative status can affect growth.Moreover,TL positively covaried with the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules,possibly because retention of high concentrations of pro-oxidant molecules results from mechanisms of prevention of their negative effects,including reduction in TL.Thus,this study shows that chicks undergo marked variation in oxidative status,which predicts growth and subsequent TL,prompting for more studies of the perinatal changes in the critical posthatching stages.

关键词： early-life period oxidative status telomeres yellow-legged gull

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